一
344
nhất
first; most (adverb for superlatives)
唯一
𠃣一
𠃣一
duy nhất
ít nhất
ít nhất
unique, only
at least
at least
Loner Groups
These groups each contain only one character. It is still good to know the phonetic component, since it may be of use in learning new characters not treated here, in the same or other languages.
一
one
Old Chinese: *ʔi[t]
Middle Chinese: 'jit
丂
to sob
Old Chinese: *C.qʰˤuʔ (Shuōwén; no pre-Qín exx.)
Middle Chinese: khawX
上
1: ascend
Old Chinese: *Cə-daŋʔ
Middle Chinese: dzyangX
2: to put up
Old Chinese: *m-daŋʔ
Middle Chinese: dzyangX
3: top, above (n.)
Old Chinese: *daŋʔ-s
Middle Chinese: dzyangH
下
1: down
Old Chinese: *gˤraʔ
Middle Chinese: haeX
2: descend
Old Chinese: *m-gˤraʔ-s
Middle Chinese: haeH
丏
TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: meːnʔ
沔
348
miền
region; district
沔南
沔中
沔中
miền nam
miền trung
miền trung
southern region; southern Vietnam
central region; central Vietnam
central region; central Vietnam
丐
1: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: kaːds
2: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: kaːd
丙
3d heavenly stem
Old Chinese: *praŋʔ
Middle Chinese: pjaengX
丩
twist (v.)
Old Chinese: *k-riw (dialect: *k-r- > *kr-)
Middle Chinese: kjiw
丰
TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: pʰoŋ
乇
plant leaves
Old Chinese: *tˤrak
Middle Chinese: traek
乍
suddenly
Old Chinese: *[dz]ˤrak-s
Middle Chinese: dzraeH
九
nine
Old Chinese: *[k]uʔ
Middle Chinese: kjuwX
乞
beg, ask
Old Chinese: *C.qʰət
Middle Chinese: khj+t
争
TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: ʔsreːŋ
互
intertwining
Old Chinese: *m-qˤaʔ-s
Middle Chinese: huH
井
well (n.)
Old Chinese: *C.tseŋʔ
Middle Chinese: tsjengX
亞
secondary
Old Chinese: *ʔˤrak-s
Middle Chinese: 'aeH
亡
flee; disappear; die
Old Chinese: *maŋ
Middle Chinese: mjang
亢
lift high
Old Chinese: *k-ŋˤaŋ
Middle Chinese: kang
交
cross (v.)
Old Chinese: *[k]ˤraw
Middle Chinese: kaew
仉
TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: tjaŋʔ
仉
364
kẻ
man, person, he
仉𡘯
仉𡮈
仉𡮈
kẻ lớn
kẻ nhỏ
kẻ nhỏ
the mighty, the privileged
the average, the ordinary man
the average, the ordinary man
介
armour; scale of animals
Old Chinese: *kˤr[e]p-s
Middle Chinese: keajH
付
give
Old Chinese: *p(r)o-s
Middle Chinese: pjuH
件
item
Old Chinese: *[g]r[a][n]ʔ (no pre-Qín exx?)
Middle Chinese: gjenX
保
protect
Old Chinese: *pˤuʔ
Middle Chinese: pawX
備
complete (adj.)
Old Chinese: *[b]rək-s
Middle Chinese: bijH
充
full, fill
Old Chinese: *tʰuŋ
Middle Chinese: tsyhuwng
兆
great number
Old Chinese: *lr[a]wʔ
Middle Chinese: drjewX
先
1: first
Old Chinese: *sˤər
Middle Chinese: sen
2: go first
Old Chinese: *sˤər-s
Middle Chinese: senH
光
light, brightness
Old Chinese: *kʷˤaŋ
Middle Chinese: kwang
兜
helmet, hood
Old Chinese: *tˤo
Middle Chinese: tuw
入
enter
Old Chinese: *n[u]p
Middle Chinese: nyip
全
complete (adj.)
Old Chinese: *[dz]o[n]
Middle Chinese: dzjwen
八
eight
Old Chinese: *pˤret
Middle Chinese: peat
典
statute, norm
Old Chinese: *tˤə[r]ʔ
Middle Chinese: tenX
册
tablet, records
Old Chinese: *[tsʰ](ˤ)rek
Middle Chinese: tsrheak
冎
cut meat from the bone
Old Chinese: *kʷˤrajʔ
Middle Chinese: kwaeX
冬
winter
Old Chinese: *tˤuŋ
Middle Chinese: towng
几
stool
Old Chinese: *C.kr[ə]jʔ
Middle Chinese: kijX
凡
in every case
Old Chinese: *[b]rom
Middle Chinese: bjom
葻
383
bông
flower
葻蓮
葻花
葻花
bông sen
bông hoa
bông hoa
lotus flower
flowers
flowers
凭
1: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: brɯŋ
2: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: brɯŋs
出
1: go or come out
Old Chinese: *t-kʰut
Middle Chinese: tsyhwit
2: bring or take out
Old Chinese: *t-kʰut-s
Middle Chinese: tsyhwijH
刃
edge of a blade
Old Chinese: *nə[n]-s
Middle Chinese: nyinH
前
before
Old Chinese: *[dz]ˤen (~ *m-dzˤen)
Middle Chinese: dzen
力
strength
Old Chinese: *k.rək
Middle Chinese: lik
加
add
Old Chinese: *kˤraj
Middle Chinese: kae
勹
TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: pruː
匀
1: even, uniform
Old Chinese: *[N-q]ʷi[n]
Middle Chinese: ywin
2: little, few (Shuōwén)
Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷi[ŋ]
Middle Chinese: ywin
北
north
Old Chinese: *pˤək
Middle Chinese: pok
十
ten
Old Chinese: *t.[g]əp
Middle Chinese: dzyip
卷
1: roll (v.)
Old Chinese: *[k](r)o[n]ʔ
Middle Chinese: kjwenX
2: handsome
Old Chinese: *[g]ʷren
Middle Chinese: gjwen
捲
394
cuốn
to roll up, to curl up, to convolve
捲吏
捲𨖲
捲𨖲
cuốn lại
cuốn lên
cuốn lên
to wind up, to spool, to coil
to roll up, to curl up
to roll up, to curl up
取
1: take
Old Chinese: *tsʰˤoʔ
Middle Chinese: tshuwX
2: take
Old Chinese: *tsʰoʔ
Middle Chinese: tshjuX
3: take (a wife)
Old Chinese: *[ts]ʰoʔ-s
Middle Chinese: tshjuH
口
mouth
Old Chinese: *kʰˤ(r)oʔ
Middle Chinese: khuwX
句
1: curved
Old Chinese: *[k]ˤ(r)o
Middle Chinese: kuw
2: loan for 彀 draw a bow to the full
Old Chinese: *[k]ˤ(r)ok-s
Middle Chinese: kuwH
3: phrase
Old Chinese: *[k](r)o-s
Middle Chinese: kjuH
只
1: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: klje
2: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: kljeʔ
吉
auspicious
Old Chinese: *C.qi[t] (*C.q- > *k-, escaping palatalization)
Middle Chinese: kjit
名
name
Old Chinese: *C.meŋ
Middle Chinese: mjieng
君
lord; ruler
Old Chinese: *C.qur
Middle Chinese: kjun
吹
1: blow (v.)
Old Chinese: *tʰo[r]
Middle Chinese: tsyhwe
2: musical concert
Old Chinese: *tʰo[r]-s
Middle Chinese: tsyhweH
告
1: announce, inform
Old Chinese: *kˤuk-s
Middle Chinese: kawH
2: announce, inform
Old Chinese: *kˤuk
Middle Chinese: kowk
品
kind, class
Old Chinese: *pʰr[ə]mʔ
Middle Chinese: phimX
員
1: circle; round
Old Chinese: *ɢʷ
Middle Chinese: hjwen
2: (a particle)
Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷə[n]
Middle Chinese: hjun
四
four
Old Chinese: *s.li[j]-s
Middle Chinese: sijH
囟
fontanel
Old Chinese: *[s]ə[r]-s
Middle Chinese: sinH
圖
consider
Old Chinese: *[d]ˤa
Middle Chinese: du
執
seize
Old Chinese: *[t]ip
Middle Chinese: tsyip
堇
1: time, season
Old Chinese: *[g]rə[r]
Middle Chinese: gin
2: (a kind of vegetable)
Old Chinese: *kə[r]ʔ
Middle Chinese: kj+nX
3: clay
Old Chinese: *[g]rə[r]
Middle Chinese: gin
報
repay
Old Chinese: *pˤuk-s
Middle Chinese: pawH
壴
stand for musical instruments
Old Chinese: *t
Middle Chinese: trjuH
廚
412
厨
chùa
buddhist temple
茹廚
偨廚
偨廚
nhà chùa
thầy chùa
thầy chùa
buddhist monk, clergy
buddhist temple bonze
buddhist temple bonze
夐
1: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: qʰʷeːns
2: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: qʰʷeŋs
夬
divide, make a breach
Old Chinese: *[k]ʷˤret-s
Middle Chinese: kwaejH
央
1: end (v.)
Old Chinese: *ʔaŋ
Middle Chinese: 'jang
2: center (n.)
Old Chinese: *ʔaŋ
Middle Chinese: 'jang
失
lose
Old Chinese: *l̥i[t]
Middle Chinese: syit
夾
press between
Old Chinese: *kˤ
Middle Chinese: keap
奇
1: odd (number)
Old Chinese: *[k](r)aj
Middle Chinese: kje
2: strange
Old Chinese: *N-k(r)aj
Middle Chinese: gje
妾
concubine
Old Chinese: *[tsʰ]ap
Middle Chinese: tshjep
委
1: 委蛇 compliant, complaisant
Old Chinese: *q(r)oj
Middle Chinese: 'jwe
2: entrust to
Old Chinese: *q(r)ojʔ
Middle Chinese: 'jweX
3: collect; store
Old Chinese: *q(r)ojʔ
Middle Chinese: 'jweX
4: bend; hang down
Old Chinese: *q(r)orʔ
Middle Chinese: 'jweX
婁
drag, trail (v.)
Old Chinese: *[r]o
Middle Chinese: lju
嫩
TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: nuːns
孔
(surname)
Old Chinese: *[k]ʰˤoŋʔ
Middle Chinese: khuwngX
學
study; imitate
Old Chinese: *m-kˤruk
Middle Chinese: haewk
害
1: be hurt (v.i.); injury (n.)
Old Chinese: *N-kˤat-s
Middle Chinese: hajH
2: hurt (v.t.)
Old Chinese: *m-kˤat-s
Middle Chinese: hajH
家
household
Old Chinese: *kˤra
Middle Chinese: kae
尋
1: warm up
Old Chinese: *sə-l[ə]m (< *-um ?)
Middle Chinese: zim
2: measure of 8 chǐ 尺
Old Chinese: *sə-l[ə]m
Middle Chinese: zim
尗
pulse, beans
Old Chinese: *s.tuk
Middle Chinese: syuwk
展
1: roll over; unfold
Old Chinese: *trenʔ
Middle Chinese: trjenX
2: ritual robe
Old Chinese: *tra[n]-s
Middle Chinese: trjenH
屯
1: accumulate
Old Chinese: *[d]ˤun
Middle Chinese: dwon
2: difficult
Old Chinese: *trun
Middle Chinese: trwin
州
islet in stream; province
Old Chinese: *tu
Middle Chinese: tsyuw
巠
a vein of water (Shuōwén)
Old Chinese: *k.lˤeŋ
Middle Chinese: keng
巾
kerchief
Old Chinese: *krən
Middle Chinese: kin
巿
TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: pub
Middle Chinese: pud
市
market (n.)
Old Chinese: *C.[d]əʔ
Middle Chinese: dzyiX
希
thin, sparse
Old Chinese: *qʰəj
Middle Chinese: xj+j
唏
436
hơi
steam, air, gas; a little bit, slightly
𠬠唏
唏力
唏力
một hơi
hơi sức
hơi sức
in one go, at a stretch
physical energy, power
physical energy, power
帚
broom
Old Chinese: *[t.p]əʔ
Middle Chinese: tsyuwX
師
1: army
Old Chinese: *srij
Middle Chinese: srij
2: master
Old Chinese: *srij
Middle Chinese: srij
幵
even, level (Shuōwén)
Old Chinese: *[k]ˤe[r]
Middle Chinese: ken
幸
fortunate
Old Chinese: *[g]ˤreŋʔ
Middle Chinese: heangX
幾
1: small; almost
Old Chinese: *kəj
Middle Chinese: kj+j
2: few; how many
Old Chinese: *kəjʔ
Middle Chinese: kj+jX
庶
numerous; commoner
Old Chinese: *s-tak-s
Middle Chinese: syoH
廷
courtyard
Old Chinese: *lˤeŋ
Middle Chinese: deng
引
1: draw the bow
Old Chinese: *li[n]ʔ
Middle Chinese: yinX
2: draw the bow
Old Chinese: *li[n]ʔ-s
Middle Chinese: yinH
弟
younger brother
Old Chinese: *lˤəjʔ
Middle Chinese: dejX
强
1: strong
Old Chinese: *N-kaŋ
Middle Chinese: gjang
2: make an effort
Old Chinese: *m-kaŋʔ
Middle Chinese: gjangX
录
TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: b·roːɡ
彖
running pig
Old Chinese: *l̥ˤo[r]-s
Middle Chinese: thwanH
彦
TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: ŋrans
後
1: after
Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ˤ(r)oʔ
Middle Chinese: huwX
2: put after ?
Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ˤ(r)oʔ-s
Middle Chinese: huwH
心
heart
Old Chinese: *səm
Middle Chinese: sim
必
necessarily
Old Chinese: *pi[t]
Middle Chinese: pjit
息
1: breathe
Old Chinese: *sək
Middle Chinese: sik
2: 安息 Ānxī (Iranian country in the western regions, W. Hàn; from Aršaka = Arsaces, founder of the Arsacid dynasty)
Old Chinese: *sək
Middle Chinese: sik
戈
dagger-axe
Old Chinese: *kʷˤaj
Middle Chinese: kwa
戉
a kind of axe
Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷat
Middle Chinese: hjwot
我
we, I
Old Chinese: *ŋˤajʔ
Middle Chinese: ngaX
戔
kill; cruel
Old Chinese: *[dz]ˤa[n]
Middle Chinese: dzan
戠
adhere (?)
Old Chinese: *tək
Middle Chinese: tsyik
手
hand
Old Chinese: *n̥uʔ
Middle Chinese: syuwX
支
1: support, hold up
Old Chinese: *ke
Middle Chinese: tsye
2: branch (of tree), limb
Old Chinese: *ke
Middle Chinese: tsye
攸
place where
Old Chinese: *liw
Middle Chinese: yuw
敬
respectful
Old Chinese: *kreŋ(ʔ)-s
Middle Chinese: kjaengH
文
ornate
Old Chinese: *mə[n]
Middle Chinese: mjun
斗
1: bushel; ladle
Old Chinese: *tˤoʔ
Middle Chinese: tuwX
2: ladle
Old Chinese: *toʔ
Middle Chinese: tsyuX
料
measure (v.)
Old Chinese: *[r]ˤew-s
Middle Chinese: lewH
斬
cut off
Old Chinese: *[ts]ramʔ
Middle Chinese: tsreamX
於
1: oh!
Old Chinese: *[ʔ]ˤa
Middle Chinese: 'u
2: at (locative preposition)
Old Chinese: *[ʔ]a
Middle Chinese: 'jo
日
sun; day
Old Chinese: *C.nik
Middle Chinese: nyit
旨
fine-tasting
Old Chinese: *kijʔ
Middle Chinese: tsyijX
明
bright
Old Chinese: *mraŋ
Middle Chinese: mjaeng
易
1: easy
Old Chinese: *lek-s
Middle Chinese: yeH
2: change; exchange
Old Chinese: *lek
Middle Chinese: yek
昔
in the past
Old Chinese: *[s]Ak
Middle Chinese: sjek
暵
1: scorch, burn
Old Chinese: *n̥ˤarʔ
Middle Chinese: xanX
2: dry
Old Chinese: *[qʰ]ˤarʔ-s
Middle Chinese: xanH
曰
say
Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷat
Middle Chinese: hjwot
曹
come together; pair
Old Chinese: *N-tsˤu
Middle Chinese: dzaw
艚
476
tàu
ship, boat
艚戰
tàu chiến
warship
替
discard
Old Chinese: *n̥ˤi[t]-s
Middle Chinese: thejH
朋
set of cowries; friend
Old Chinese: *[b]ˤəŋ
Middle Chinese: bong
末
end of a branch
Old Chinese: *mˤat
Middle Chinese: mat
眜
479
mắt
eye; expensive
渃眜
𡦂眜
𡦂眜
nước mắt
chữ mắt
chữ mắt
tears
difficult character
difficult character
本
tree trunk
Old Chinese: *C.pˤə[n]ʔ
Middle Chinese: pwonX
术
1: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: l'ud
2: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: ɦljud
杏
apricot (tree)
Old Chinese: *C.[g]ˤraŋʔ
Middle Chinese: haengX
東
east
Old Chinese: *tˤoŋ (< *tˤoŋʔ ?)
Middle Chinese: tuwng
林
forest
Old Chinese: *[r]əm
Middle Chinese: lim
果
fruit; result
Old Chinese: *[k]ˤo[r]ʔ
Middle Chinese: kwaX
某
so and so; a certain
Old Chinese: *məʔ
Middle Chinese: muwX
柬
select, distinguish
Old Chinese: *kˤr[a]nʔ
Middle Chinese: keanX
栗
chestnut tree
Old Chinese: *[r]i[t]
Middle Chinese: lit
業
1: work (n.)
Old Chinese: *[m-qʰ](r)[a]p
Middle Chinese: ngjaep
2: horizontal board of a bell stand or frame
Old Chinese: *[m-qʰ](r)[a]p
Middle Chinese: ngjaep
3: strong, sturdy
Old Chinese: *[ŋ](r)[a]p
Middle Chinese: ngjaep
次
1: lodge (v.)
Old Chinese: *[s-n̥]i[j]-s
Middle Chinese: tshijH
2: put in order; second
Old Chinese: *[s-n̥]i[j]-s
Middle Chinese: tshijH
步
step
Old Chinese: *mə-bˤa-s
Middle Chinese: buH
殳
a kind of lance
Old Chinese: *[d]o
Middle Chinese: dzyu
殸
hanging musical stone
Old Chinese: *[C.qʰ]ˤeŋ-s
Middle Chinese: khengH
氏
clan
Old Chinese: *k.deʔ
Middle Chinese: dzyeX
民
people
Old Chinese: *mi[ŋ]
Middle Chinese: mjin
气
(inhaled thing:) breath, air, vapors
Old Chinese: *C.qʰəp-s
Middle Chinese: khj+jH
水
water; river
Old Chinese: *s.turʔ (E dialect: *-r > *-j)
Middle Chinese: sywijX
氾
1: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: pʰoms
2: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: bom
求
seek
Old Chinese: *[g](r)u
Middle Chinese: gjuw
没
沿
go along (a river); follow
Old Chinese: *lon
Middle Chinese: ywen
法
model, law
Old Chinese: *[p.k]ap
Middle Chinese: pjop
火
fire
Old Chinese: *[qʷʰ]ˤəjʔ
Middle Chinese: xwaX
無
1: not have
Old Chinese: *ma
Middle Chinese: mju
2: volitional prefix
Old Chinese: *ma
Middle Chinese: mju
3: don’t
Old Chinese: *mo
Middle Chinese: mju
熒
dazzle
Old Chinese: *[N]-qʷˤeŋ
Middle Chinese: hweng
爪
claw
Old Chinese: *[ts]ˤ
Middle Chinese: tsraewX
爫
507
làm
to do; to make
役爫
爫之
爫之
việc làm
làm gì
làm gì
job, employment, work; act, deed, action
what for; what to do
what for; what to do
爲
1: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: ɢʷal
2: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: ɢʷal
3: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: ɢʷals
爻
1: change; hexagram
Old Chinese: *N-kˤraw
Middle Chinese: haew
2: change; hexagram
Old Chinese: *N-kˤraw
Middle Chinese: haew
片
half; partial
Old Chinese: *pʰˤe[n]-s
Middle Chinese: phenH
牟
TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: mu
牢
TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: ruː
猒
1: satiate, satisfy
Old Chinese: *ʔem
Middle Chinese: 'jiem
2: satisfaction
Old Chinese: *ʔem-s
Middle Chinese: 'jiemH
獄
lawsuit; prison
Old Chinese: *[ŋ]rok
Middle Chinese: ngjowk
玉
jade
Old Chinese: *[ŋ](r)ok (< uvular?)
Middle Chinese: ngjowk
王
1: king
Old Chinese: *ɢʷaŋ
Middle Chinese: hjwang
2: be king
Old Chinese: *ɢʷaŋ-s
Middle Chinese: hjwangH
班
divide, distribute
Old Chinese: *pˤ
Middle Chinese: paen
畢
1: wooden fork
Old Chinese: *pi[t]
Middle Chinese: pjit
2: bird-net
Old Chinese: *pi[t]
Middle Chinese: pjit
3: finish (v.)
Old Chinese: *pi[t]
Middle Chinese: pjit
癹
1: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: pʰaːd
2: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: baːd
登
1: a kind of sacrificial vessel
Old Chinese: *k-tˤəŋ
Middle Chinese: tong
2: ascend
Old Chinese: *tˤəŋ
Middle Chinese: tong
皿
vessel, bowl
Old Chinese: *mraŋʔ
Middle Chinese: mjaengX
目
eye
Old Chinese: *C.m(r)[u]k
Middle Chinese: mjuwk
相
1: mutually
Old Chinese: *[s]aŋ
Middle Chinese: sjang
2: appearance, quality
Old Chinese: *[s]aŋ-s
Middle Chinese: sjangH
省
inspect
Old Chinese: *[s]eŋʔ
Middle Chinese: sjengX
矣
(final particle)
Old Chinese: *qəʔ (atonic)
Middle Chinese: hiX
石
stone
Old Chinese: *dAk
Middle Chinese: dzyek
祝
1: to curse
Old Chinese: *[t]uk-s
Middle Chinese: tsyuwH
2: pray, recite
Old Chinese: *[t]uk
Middle Chinese: tsyuwk
3: cut off, break
Old Chinese: *tuk
Middle Chinese: tsyuwk
祭
1: sacrifice
Old Chinese: *[ts]et-s
Middle Chinese: tsjejH
2: (name of a state)
Old Chinese: *[ts](ˤ)re[t]-s
Middle Chinese: tsreajH
秋
autumn; crop
Old Chinese: *tsʰiw
Middle Chinese: tshjuw
秭
a high number
Old Chinese: *[ts][i]jʔ
Middle Chinese: tsijX
章
brilliant; distinctive mark; to display
Old Chinese: *taŋ
Middle Chinese: tsyang
算
calculate; tally
Old Chinese: *[s]ˤorʔ-s
Middle Chinese: swanH
米
millet or rice grains, dehusked and polished
Old Chinese: *(C.)mˤ[e]jʔ
Middle Chinese: mejX
老
old
Old Chinese: *C.rˤuʔ
Middle Chinese: lawX
耒
1: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: ruːls
2: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: rulʔ
肰
TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: njen
能
1: a kind of bear
Old Chinese: *nˤə
Middle Chinese: noj
2: a kind of bear
Old Chinese: *nˤə(ŋ)
Middle Chinese: nong
3: able; ability
Old Chinese: *nˤə(ʔ) (~ *nˤəŋ)
Middle Chinese: nong
臱
TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: men
臼
mortar
Old Chinese: *C.[g]ʷəʔ
Middle Chinese: gjuwX
舁
give
Old Chinese: *m-q(r)aʔ
Middle Chinese: yoX
色
color; countenance
Old Chinese: *s.rək
Middle Chinese: srik
芇
1: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: men
2: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: meːnʔ
3: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: maːn
芇
544
芾闹
nào
which; any
勢芇
欺芇
欺芇
thế nào
khi nào
khi nào
how
when
when
苗
sprout (n.)
Old Chinese: *m(r)aw
Middle Chinese: mjew
華
1: flower (n.)
Old Chinese: *qʷʰˤra
Middle Chinese: xwae
2: flower (v.); flowery (adj.)
Old Chinese: *N-qʷʰˤra
Middle Chinese: hwae
3: [name of a mountain]
Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷˤra-s
Middle Chinese: hwaeH
萬
10,000
Old Chinese: *C.ma[n]-s
Middle Chinese: mjonH
衆
1: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: tjuŋ
2: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: tjuŋs
衛
to guard
Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷ(r)a[t]-s
Middle Chinese: hjwejH
襾
cover
Old Chinese: *qʰˤraʔ
Middle Chinese: xaeX
西
1: west
Old Chinese: *s-nˤər
Middle Chinese: sej
2: west
Old Chinese: *s-nˤər
Middle Chinese: sej
解
1: cut up; unloose
Old Chinese: *kˤreʔ
Middle Chinese: keaX
2: understand
Old Chinese: *N-kˤreʔ
Middle Chinese: heaX
3: =懈 lazy
Old Chinese: *N-kˤreʔ
Middle Chinese: heaX
言
1: (a particle)
Old Chinese: *ŋa[n]
Middle Chinese: ngjon
2: I, we
Old Chinese: *ŋa[n]
Middle Chinese: ngjon
3: speak; speech
Old Chinese: *ŋa[n]
Middle Chinese: ngjon
4: tall
Old Chinese: *ŋa[r]
Middle Chinese: ngjon
誩
1: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: ɡaŋʔ
2: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: ɡraŋs
3: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: l̥ʰuːms
谷
valley
Old Chinese: *C.qˤok
Middle Chinese: kuwk
豆
1: bean
Old Chinese: *[N.t]ˤo-s
Middle Chinese: duwH
2: vessel with a neck
Old Chinese: *[d]ˤok-s
Middle Chinese: duwH
貝
cowry shell
Old Chinese: *pˤa[t]-s
Middle Chinese: pajH
貞
1: straight; correct
Old Chinese: *treŋ
Middle Chinese: trjeng
2: divine (v.)
Old Chinese: *treŋ
Middle Chinese: trjeng
賴
depend on
Old Chinese: *rˤa[t]-s
Middle Chinese: lajH
身
body; self
Old Chinese: *n̥i[ŋ]
Middle Chinese: syin
車
1: chariot
Old Chinese: *[t.qʰ](r)A
Middle Chinese: tsyhae
2: chariot
Old Chinese: *C.q(r)a
Middle Chinese: kjo
軍
army; camp
Old Chinese: *[k]ʷər
Middle Chinese: kjun
遂
advance (v.)
Old Chinese: *sə-lu[t]-s
Middle Chinese: zwijH
部
lead (v.), govern
Old Chinese: *[b]ˤ(r)oʔ
Middle Chinese: buwX
量
1: measure (v.)
Old Chinese: *[r]aŋ
Middle Chinese: ljang
2: measure (n.)
Old Chinese: *[r]aŋ-s
Middle Chinese: ljangH
金
metal, bronze
Old Chinese: *k(r)[ə]m
Middle Chinese: kim
門
gate, door
Old Chinese: *mˤə[r]
Middle Chinese: mwon
隻
single
Old Chinese: *tek
Middle Chinese: tsyek
需
wait
Old Chinese: *s-no
Middle Chinese: sju
非
is not
Old Chinese: *pəj
Middle Chinese: pj+j
革
1: hide, skin
Old Chinese: *kˤrək
Middle Chinese: keak
2: change (v.)
Old Chinese: *kˤrək
Middle Chinese: keak
音
sound, tone
Old Chinese: *[q](r)əm
Middle Chinese: 'im
飛
fly (v.)
Old Chinese: *Cə.pə[r] (dialect: *-r > *-j)
Middle Chinese: pj+j
香
fragrance
Old Chinese: *qʰaŋ
Middle Chinese: xjang
高
high, tall
Old Chinese: *Cə.[k]ˤaw
Middle Chinese: kaw
鬥
quarrel, wrangle
Old Chinese: *tˤok-s
Middle Chinese: tuwH
鬼
ghost
Old Chinese: *k-ʔujʔ
Middle Chinese: kjw+jX
魚
fish (n.)
Old Chinese: *[r.ŋ]a
Middle Chinese: ngjo
黑
black
Old Chinese: *m̥ˤək (dialect *m̥ˤ- > xˤ-)
Middle Chinese: xok
齊
1: uniform, equal
Old Chinese: *[dz]ˤəj
Middle Chinese: dzej
2: Qí (place name)
Old Chinese: *[dz]ˤəj
Middle Chinese: dzej
二
two
Old Chinese: *ni[j]-s
Middle Chinese: nyijH
信
truthful
Old Chinese: *s-ni[ŋ]-s
Middle Chinese: sinH
儥
sell
Old Chinese: *[l][iw]k
Middle Chinese: yuwk
分
1: divide
Old Chinese: *pə[n]
Middle Chinese: pjun
2: alloted duty
Old Chinese: *[m]-pə[n]-s
Middle Chinese: bjunH
别
印
seal
Old Chinese: *[ʔ]iŋ-s
Middle Chinese: 'jinH
即
1: go to
Old Chinese: *[ts]ik
Middle Chinese: tsik
2: thereupon
Old Chinese: *[ts]ik
Middle Chinese: tsik
吝
stingy
Old Chinese: *mə.rə[n]-s
Middle Chinese: linH
周
1: Zhōu (dynasty and place)
Old Chinese: *tiw
Middle Chinese: tsyuw
2: cycle; all around
Old Chinese: *tiw
Middle Chinese: tsyuw
咸
all; everywhere
Old Chinese: *[g]ˤr[ə]m
Middle Chinese: heam
因
rely on
Old Chinese: *ʔi[n]
Middle Chinese: 'jin
外
outside
Old Chinese: *[ŋ]ʷˤa[t]-s
Middle Chinese: ngwajH
實
fruit; full
Old Chinese: *mə.li[t]
Middle Chinese: zyit
專
exclusively
Old Chinese: *ton
Middle Chinese: tsywen
對
respond
Old Chinese: *[t]ˤ[u]p-s
Middle Chinese: twojH
局
1: bent, curved
Old Chinese: *N-kʰ(r)ok
Middle Chinese: gjowk
2: department
Old Chinese: *[g](r)ok
Middle Chinese: gjowk
庄
TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: breːŋ
庄
598
庒
chẳng、chăng
not at all
庄之
庄牢
庄牢
chẳng gì
chẳng sao
chẳng sao
nothing at all
it doesn't matter, never mind
it doesn't matter, never mind
役
war expedition; service
Old Chinese: *ɢʷek
Middle Chinese: ywek
意
thought (n.)
Old Chinese: *ʔ(r)ək-s
Middle Chinese: 'iH
戸
未
1: not yet
Old Chinese: *m[ə]t-s
Middle Chinese: mj+jH
2: 8th earthly branch
Old Chinese: *m[ə]t-s
Middle Chinese: mj+jH
歲
year
Old Chinese: *s-qʷʰat-s
Middle Chinese: sjwejH
犬
dog
Old Chinese: *[k]ʷʰˤ[e][n]ʔ
Middle Chinese: khwenX
罙
自
1: self (adv.)
Old Chinese: *s.[b]i[t]-s
Middle Chinese: dzijH
2: to follow; from
Old Chinese: *s.[b]i[t]-s
Middle Chinese: dzijH
要
important
Old Chinese: *[q]ew(k)-s
Middle Chinese: 'jiewH
骨
bone
Old Chinese: *kˤut
Middle Chinese: kwot
中
1: center
Old Chinese: *truŋ
Middle Chinese: trjuwng
2: hit the center
Old Chinese: *truŋ-s
Middle Chinese: trjuwngH
阿
1: slope, river bank
Old Chinese: *qˤa[j]
Middle Chinese: 'a
2: 阿會亘 ēhuìxuān: Skt. ābhāsvara “shining” (E. Hàn)
Old Chinese: *ʔˤa (< *qˤaj)
Middle Chinese: 'a
行
1: rank, row
Old Chinese: *[g]ˤaŋ
Middle Chinese: hang
2: walk (v.)
Old Chinese: *Cə.[g]ˤraŋ
Middle Chinese: haeng
3: action
Old Chinese: *[g]ˤraŋ-s
Middle Chinese: haengH