Mixed-C Groups

These groups have at least 4 characters and share at least 1 pronunciation among all the contained characters.

生

1: bear, be born; live

Old Chinese: *sreŋ (MC srj- > sr-; or *s.reŋ ?)

Middle Chinese: sraeng

2: fresh, raw

Old Chinese: *sreŋ

Middle Chinese: sraeng

3: bear, be born; live

Old Chinese: *sreŋ (or *s.reŋ ?)

Middle Chinese: srjaeng

精
536
tinh
essence
精神
精神
tinh thần
tinh thần
mind, mental sense, spirit, nerve; morale; spiritual
mind, mental sense, spirit, nerve; morale; spiritual
星
537
tinh
a star, planet
行星
衛星
hành tinh
vệ tinh
planet
satellite
菁
538
tinh
flower of leek family
菁華
tinh hoa
essence, best part, crème de la crème
睛
539
tinh
eyeball
定睛
định tinh
fixed star, planet
旌
540
tinh
banner or flag adorned with feathers
旌旗
tinh kỳ
flag, banner
猩
541
tinh
species of orangutan
大猩猩
黑猩猩
đại tinh tinh
hắc tinh tinh
gorilla
chimpanzee

生
542
sinh
life, living, lifetime
衛生
生活
vệ sinh
sinh hoạt
hygiene, sanitation; sanitary
life, living, activity, existence; lively
牲
543
sinh
sacrificial animal
三牲
犧牲
tam sinh
hy sinh
the three incarnations (previous, present, next); sacrifice of three animals (ox, pig, goat)
to sacrifice (oneself)

清
544
thanh
clear, pure, clean
清算
清水
thanh toán
thanh thủy
to clean up, close (account), dispose of, liquidate, murder
clear water
青
545
thanh
blue, green
青春
青龍
thanh xuân
thanh long
youth, young days, youthfulness
blue dragon

性
546
tính
nature, character, sex
性格
陽性
tính cách
dương tính
character, nature, trait
male nature, positive
姓
547
tính
one's family name
百姓
bách tính
the common people, the masses, the people

靖
548
tĩnh
pacify
平靖
bình tĩnh
calm, composed; to be, keep, remain calm
靜
549
tĩnh、tịnh
quiet, still, motionless
平靜
靜脈
安靜
幽靜
bình tĩnh
tĩnh mạch
an tịnh
u tịnh
calm, composed; to be, keep, remain calm
vein, vena (as opposed to artery)
quiet, peaceful
quiet and dark

請
550
thỉnh
ask, request
請求
請安
thỉnh cầu
thỉnh an
to ask, request; request
inquire about sb’s health

情
551
tình
feeling, sentiment, emotion
情狀
情形
tình trạng
tình hình
situation, state, condition(s)
situation

醒
552
tỉnh
wake up
醒悟
tỉnh ngộ
to be disillusioned, be enlightened, see reason

各

each

Old Chinese: *kˤak

Middle Chinese: kak

絡
553
lạc
enmesh, wrap around
聯絡
liên lạc
communication, contact, liaison, get in contact, connect, communicate
落
554
lạc
fall, drop
坐落
落後
tọa lạc
lạc hậu
located, situated
behind (the times)
駱
555
lạc
a white horse with black mane
駱駝
lạc đà
camel

露
556
lộ
dew
泄露
暴露
tiết lộ
bộc lộ
to divulge, disclose, reveal; disclosure
to expose, uncover, reveal, divulge, disclose, open
路
557
lộ
road, path, street
路程
大路
lộ trình
đại lộ
itinerary, road, route
avenue, boulevard, highway
賂
558
lộ
bribe
賄賂
hối lộ
to bribe, corrupt; bribe, bribery

各
559
các
each, individually, every, all
各位
các vị
ladies and gentlemen, you
閣
560
các
chamber, pavilion
內閣
nội các
cabinet (government)

格
561
cách
pattern, standard, form
人格
破格
nhân cách
phá cách
personality
violate the rule of prosody
骼
562
cách
bone
骨骼
cốt cách
character skeleton

擱
563
gác
place, put, lay down
擱筆
gác bút
put away one’s pen

客
564
khách
guest, traveller
客棧
客觀
khách sạn
khách quan
hotel
objective

略
565
lược
approximately, roughly
侵略
韜略
xâm lược
thao lược
to invade; invasion, aggression
strategy, art of war

額
566
ngạch
forehead
限額
hạn ngạch
limit, quota

古

ancient

Old Chinese: *kˤaʔ

Middle Chinese: kuX

胡
567
hồ
recklessly, foolishly
胡椒
hồ tiêu
pepper
湖
568
hồ
a lake
江湖
giang hồ
rivers and lakes, travel; traveled
蝴
569
hồ
butterfly
蝴蝶
hồ điệp
butterfly
葫
570
hồ
bottle-gourd
葫蘆
hồ lô
wine gourd
糊
571
hồ
paste, stick on with paste
糊口
hồ khẩu
earn one’s living, feed one’s own mouth

固
572
cố
to become solid, solidify
鞏固
固定
củng cố
cố định
to consolidate, unite
fixed, set, stationary
故
573
cố
ancient, old
變故
故意
biến cố
cố ý
event, happening, occurrence
deliberate, premeditated, purposeful, intentional, willful; to intend; purposely, intentionally, on purpose

個
574
cá
numerary adjunct, piece
個性
個人主義
cá tính
cá nhân chủ nghĩa
personality, individuality
individualism

姑
575
cô
father's sister
仙姑
尼姑
tiên cô
ni cô
fairy, goddess, female deity
Buddhist nun

居
576
cư
live, dwell, reside, sit
定居
居住
định cư
cư trú
fixed residence, fixed home; to settle (in a place), set up one’s residence
residence, inhabitance; to live, reside

古
577
cổ
old, classic, ancient
古樹
古物
cổ thụ
cổ vật
ancient tree, century-old tree, very old tree
antiques, antiquity

瑚
578
hô
coral
珊瑚
san hô
coral

詁
579
hỗ
exegesis, explanation
訓詁
huấn hỗ
to comment

苦
580
khổ
bitter
困苦
苦瓜
khốn khổ
khổ qua
miserable, wretched
bitter melon, colocynth

方

1: square

Old Chinese: *C-paŋ

Middle Chinese: pjang

2: method

Old Chinese: *paŋ

Middle Chinese: pjang

3: just, then

Old Chinese: *paŋ

Middle Chinese: pjang

膀
581
bàng
upper arm
膀胱
bàng quang
bladder
蒡
582
bàng
burdock, herb
牛蒡
ngưu bàng
arctium lappa linn
旁
583
bàng
side
旁觀
旁系
bàng quan
bàng hệ
onlooker, spectator, observer
collateral
傍
584
bàng
by side of, beside, near, close
傍近
bàng cận
to be close by

方
585
phương
a square, rectangle
方法
對方
phương pháp
đối phương
method, means, way
enemy, opponent, opposite side, opposition, opposing party, adversary
放
586
phóng、phương
put, release, free, liberate
放射
放火
流放
phóng xạ
phóng hỏa
lưu phương
radiation, radioactivity; radioactive
to set fire to something, set something on fire
to hand down a good name
妨
587
phương
interfere with, impede, obstruct
妨害
phương hại
to be harmful, detrimental, harm, hurt
芳
588
phương
fragrant
流芳
lưu phương
to hand down a good name

防
589
phòng
defend
國防
防禦
quốc phòng
phòng ngự
national defense, military
to defend
房
590
phòng
house, building
房屋
子房
phòng ốc
tử phòng
house, dwelling
germen, ovary

仿
591
phảng、phỏng
imitate, copy
仿佛
仿生學
模仿
phảng phất
phỏng sinh học
mô phỏng
(of thoughts, memories) to fleet by, linger; vaguely, seemingly, so to speak, as it were
bionics
simulation; to imitate
彷
592
phảng
like, resembling
彷彿
phảng phất
(of thoughts, memories) to fleet by, linger; vaguely, seemingly, so to speak, as it were

訪
593
phỏng
visit
訪問
phỏng vấn
interview; to interview

工

1: officer

Old Chinese: *kˤoŋ

Middle Chinese: kuwng

2: work

Old Chinese: *kˤoŋ

Middle Chinese: kuwng

工
594
công
labor, work
工作
工藝
công tác
công nghệ
work, task, job, operation, assignment, mission, business, responsibility
industry, craft, trade, technology
功
595
công
achievement, merit, good result
功率
功夫
công suất
công phu
power (of motor), output capacity, capacity
toil, labor; laboriously
攻
596
công
attack, assault
攻擊
主攻
công kích
chủ công
to attack
main attack

江
597
giang
large river
江湖
江山
giang hồ
giang sơn
rivers and lakes, travel; traveled
river and mountains; country, nation
肛
598
giang
anus
脫肛
thoát giang
prolapses of the rectum

貢
599
cống
offer tribute
貢獻
貢品
cống hiến
cống phẩm
to contribute
tribute, contribution, offering

鞏
600
củng
bind
鞏固
củng cố
to consolidate, unite

紅
601
hồng
red, vermillion
紅外
紅花
hồng ngoại
hồng hoa
infrared
safflower, (food) blood pudding

空
602
không
empty, hollow, bare, deserted
航空
空氣
hàng không
không khí
aviation
atmosphere

控
603
khống
accuse, charge
控制
khống chế
to control, dominate, restrain

恐
604
khủng
fear
恐怖
恐龍
khủng bố
khủng long
terror, terrorist act; to terrorize
dinosaur

腔
605
xoang
chest cavity
腔調
xoang điệu
a tune, a song

虍

tiger

Old Chinese: *qʰˤra (dialect *qˤʰr- >r̥ˤ- > x-)

Middle Chinese: xu

虎
606
hổ
tiger
猛虎
虎將
mãnh hổ
hổ tướng
ferocious tiger, savage tiger
brave and strong general
琥
607
hổ
jewel in shape of tiger
琥珀
hổ phách
amber

據
608
cớ、cứ
to occupy, take possession of
證據
憑據
據點
論據
chứng cớ
bằng cớ
cứ điểm
luận cứ
evidence, proof, witness
evidence, proof
base, fortification
foundation, basis, ground

戲
609
hí
theatrical play, show
遊戲
戲劇
du hí
hí kịch
entertainment, amusement; to play, amuse oneself
drama, play

虛
610
hư
false, worthless
虛構
虛空
hư cấu
hư không
invent, imagine (a work of fiction)
empty, nil, vain

劇
611
kịch
theatrical plays, opera, drama
悲劇
慘劇
bi kịch
thảm kịch
tragedy, drama
tragedy, drama

顱
612
lâu
skull
頭顱
đầu lâu
death’s head, skull and crossbones

爐
613
lò
fireplace, stove, oven, furnace
火爐
hỏa lò
charcoal brazier, portable earthen stove

蘆
614
lô
rushes, reeds
蘆薈
葫蘆
lô hội
hồ lô
aloe
wine gourd

慮
615
lự
be concerned, worry about
憂慮
ưu lự
disquieted, anxious, uneasy, restless; to worry

膚
616
phu
skin
皮膚
bì phu
skin

處
617
xứ、xử
place, locale
出處
處理
處死
xuất xứ
xử lí
xử tử
origin, source
processing
to sentence to death, execute, put to death

爿

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: braːn

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: zaŋ

裝
618
trang
dress, clothes
時裝
裝點
thời trang
trang điểm
style, fashion
to make up, beautify
莊
619
trang
village, hamlet
莊重
莊嚴
trang trọng
trang nghiêm
solemn
serious, solemn
妝
620
trang
to adorn oneself, dress up, use make-up
化妝
hóa trang
makeup; to camouflage, disguise oneself

將
621
tương、tướng
will, going to, future
將來
大將
中將
tương lai
đại tướng
trung tướng
future
general, lieutenant general
lieutenant general, major general
漿
622
tương
any thick fluid
血漿
huyết tương
plasma

藏
623
tàng、tạng
hide, conceal
寶藏
潛藏
三藏
bảo tàng
tiềm tàng
tam tạng
treasure
potential, latent; to hide, conceal
three baskets (three collections of Buddhist writings), tipitaka
臟
624
tạng
internal organs, viscera
內臟
五臟
nội tạng
ngũ tạng
innards, viscera
the five inner parts innards

床
625
sàng
bed, couch
童床
東床
đồng sàng
đông sàng
to sleep in the same bed
son-in-law

壯
626
tráng
big, large
壯士
壯年
tráng sĩ
tráng niên
hero, knight
the prime of life

狀
627
trạng
form
現狀
原狀
hiện trạng
nguyên trạng
present condition, current situation
primitive state, status quo

獎
628
tưởng
prize, reward
獎賞
獎勵
tưởng thưởng
tưởng lệ
to reward
encourage, foster, stimulate, reward

者

(nominalizing particle)

Old Chinese: *tAʔ

Middle Chinese: tsyaeX

儲
629
trừ、trữ
to save money, store, reserve
儲備
儲量
存儲
trừ bị
trữ lượng
tồn trữ
reserve (army, banking)
reservation, reserves
to keep, preserve, conserve, store
躇
630
trừ
hesitate, falter, be undecided
躊躇
trù trừ
to hesitate

諸
631
chư、gia
several, various
諸位
諸侯
諸事
chư vị
chư hầu
gia sự
gentlemen, every one of
satellite (country), vassal, follower
family business, family event, family matter

者
632
giả
that which
作者
讀者
tác giả
độc giả
author, writer
reader, user

書
633
thư
book, letter, document
秘書
總書記
bí thư
tổng thư ký
(1) secretary; (2) diplomat
secretary-general

暑
634
thử
hot
大暑
đại thử
heat wave

署
635
thự
public office
公署
công thự
government building, public building

著
636
trước、trứ
manifest
著作
著名
trước tác
trứ danh
to write, publish
famous, well-known

奢
637
xa
extravagant, wasteful
奢侈
奢華
xa xỉ
xa hoa
to waste, squander; luxurious, luxury
luxurious, lavish

都
638
đô
metropolis, capital
都市化
故都
đô thị hóa
cố đô
to urbanize
former, old capital (city)

屠
639
đồ
butcher, slaughter, massacre
屠宰
đồ tể
butcher

干

1: pole

Old Chinese: *[k]ˤar

Middle Chinese: kan

2: shield (n.)

Old Chinese: *kˤa[r]

Middle Chinese: kan

3: piece, item

Old Chinese: *kˤar

Middle Chinese: kan

4: (placename)

Old Chinese: *kˤar

Middle Chinese: kan

干
640
can
oppose, offend
干涉
天干
can thiệp
thiên can
to intervene, interfere, meddle; intervention, meddling
heaven’s stem, heavenly step
杆
641
can
pole
欄杆
lan can
banister, handrail (of stairs)
肝
642
can
liver
心肝
肝糖
tâm can
can đường
one’s innermost heart
glycogen

罕
643
hãn
rare, scarce
罕有
hãn hữu
rare, scarce
汗
644
hãn
perspiration, sweat
阿富汗
a phú hãn
Afghanistan; Afghanistani, Afghan

幹
645
cán
trunk of tree or of human body
幹部
公幹
cán bộ
công cán
official (person)
official mission, official business

奸
646
gian
crafty, villainous, false
奸夫
奸邪
gian phu
gian tà
adulterer
devilish, treacherous

旱
647
hạn
drought
旱災
hạn tai
drought

岸
648
ngạn
bank, shore
左岸
對岸
tả ngạn
đối ngạn
left bank
the opposite banks (of a river)

刊
649
san
publication, periodical
月刊
特刊
nguyệt san
đặc san
monthly magazine, review, journal
special issue (of a paper)

且

1: [final particle]

Old Chinese: *tsa

Middle Chinese: tsjo

2: moreover

Old Chinese: *[tsʰ]Aʔ

Middle Chinese: tshjaeX

姐
650
thư
elder sister, young lady
小姐
tiểu thư
to miss
疽
651
thư
ulcer, carbuncle, abscess
壞疽
hoại thư
gangrene, canker

組
652
tổ
class
組織
組長
tổ chức
tổ trưởng
to organize, set up, establish; organization
team leader, group leader
祖
653
tổ
ancestor, forefather
祖先
保衛祖國
tổ tiên
bảo vệ tổ quốc
ancestor, forefather
to defend a country

粗
654
thô
rough, thick, course
粗俗
粗鄙
thô tục
thô bỉ
vulgar, crude, coarse, gross
coarse

且
655
thả
moreover, also (post-subject)
苟且
cẩu thả
careless, sloppy

查
656
tra
investigate, examine, seek into
檢查
清查
kiểm tra
thanh tra
to control, inspect, examine, check
to inspect, audit, oversee; inspection, inspector

阻
657
trở
impede, hinder, obstruct
險阻
電阻
hiểm trở
điện trở
full of obstacles and difficult of access
resistance

助
658
trợ
help, aid, assist
互助
助理
hỗ trợ
trợ lý
to support, help (one another); help, support; aid, assistance; mutual
assistant; to help, assist

租
659
tô
rent, lease
地租
減租
địa tô
giảm tô
land rent
to reduce the rent

尚

1: upwards

Old Chinese: *[d]aŋ-s

Middle Chinese: dzyangH

2: still, yet

Old Chinese: *[d]aŋ-s

Middle Chinese: dzyangH

常
660
thường
common, normal, frequent, regular
平常
常務
bình thường
thường vụ
normal, ordinary, customary; normally, ordinarily
routine business
償
661
thường
repay, recompense
賠償
bồi thường
compensation, damages; to compensate, make up for, pay damages
裳
662
thường
clothes
衣裳
霓裳
y thường
nghê thường
clothes, clothing (of fairies)
rainbow, colored clothes

堂
663
đường
hall
學堂
公堂
học đường
công đường
school
law court
棠
664
đường
crab apple tree
海棠
秋海棠
hải đường
thu hải đường
amplexicaul tea, cherry-apple flower
begonia

賞
665
thưởng
reward, grant, bestow
頒賞
重賞
ban thưởng
trọng thưởng
to reward
to reward generously

尚
666
thượng
still, yet
和尚
高尚
hòa thượng
cao thượng
Buddhist monk
noble

倘
667
thảng
if, supposing, in event of
倘或
thảng hoặc
supposing occasionally

當
668
đáng、đương
bear, accept, undertake
正當
過當
相當
當然
chính đáng
quá đáng
tương đương
đương nhiên
to be legitimate, right, just, proper
to say to much, exaggerate, make to much of; excessive
equivalent, equal, correspondent; equivalent (thing)
evident, natural, automatic; naturally, as a matter of course

黨
669
đảng
political party, gang, faction
黨員
黨委
đảng viên
đảng ủy
party member
party committee (in an organization, office)

余

1sg., prob. a polite form

Old Chinese: *la

Middle Chinese: yo

途
670
đồ
way, road, path, journey
前途
路途
tiền đồ
lộ đồ
future
roadmap, plan (for doing something)
塗
671
đồ
smear, daub, apply, spread
塗炭
đồ thán
be reduced to utter misery

餘
672
dư
surplus, excess, remainder
業餘
餘味
nghiệp dư
dư vị
amateur, dilettantish, non-professional, unprofessional
aftertaste

蜍
673
thừ
toad
蟾蜍
thiềm thừ
toad

茶
674
trà
tea
山茶
sơn trà
camellia

除
675
trừ
eliminate, remove, except
開除
扣除
khai trừ
khấu trừ
to expel, purge, exclude
deduction; to abate, deduct

徐
676
từ
slowly, quietly, calmly
徐徐
từ từ
slow, leisurely; to take it slow, take one’s time, go slowly

敘
677
tự
express, state, relate, narrate
敘事
敘述
tự sự
tự thuật
narrative genre in first person
autobiographical, narrative in first person

舍
678
xá
house, dwelling
學舍
舍妹
học xá
xá muội
dormitory
my younger sister

捨
679
xả
discard, give up willingly
捨身
xả thân
sacrifice one’s life

今

now

Old Chinese: *[k]r[ə]m

Middle Chinese: kim

禽
680
cầm
birds, fowl
家禽
禽獸
gia cầm
cầm thú
poultry, domestic fowl
animals
琴
681
cầm
Chinese lute or guitar
琴書
琴瑟
cầm thư
cầm sắt
music and books, intellectual life
conjugal harmony

矜
682
căng
pity, feel sorry for, show sympathy
驕矜
kiêu căng
haughty, proud

含
683
hàm
hold in mouth
含量
含意
hàm lượng
hàm ý
content(s), quality
to mean, have a meaning

今
684
kim
now, today, modern era
當今
今生
đương kim
kim sinh
present, current, reigning
the present life

吟
685
ngâm
sing, hum
歌吟
吟詠
ca ngâm
ngâm vịnh
recite (poem), sing
compose and recite a poem extempore (under the inspiration or some feeling)

念
686
niệm
think of, recall, study
紀念
觀念
kỷ niệm
quan niệm
memory, remembrance, anniversary, reminiscence; to commemorate, remember
to think, believe; idea, concept

貪
687
tham
greedy, covet
貪婪
貪慾
tham lam
tham dục
greed; greedy, voracious, rapacious
greed, avarice, concupiscence

陰
688
âm、ấm
the passive, female principle in Chinese philosophy (yin)
陰性
陰謀
陰冷
âm tính
âm mưu
ấm lạnh
acoustics (of a place); negative
plot, conspiracy, scheme; to plot, conspire
warm and cold, how someone is doing

飲
689
ẩm
drink
飲料
飲恨
ẩm liệu
ẩm hận
beverage, drink
to nurse a grudge against

可

may; acceptable

Old Chinese: *[k]ʰˤa[j]ʔ

Middle Chinese: khaX

河
690
hà
river
天河
冰河
thiên hà
băng hà
galaxy, the Milky way
(1) glacier; (2) to die (king)
荷
691
hà
lotus, water lily
荷蘭
薄荷
hà lan
bạc hà
Holland, the Netherlands; Dutch
(pepper)mint
何
692
hà
what, why, where, which, how
幾何
幾何學
kỷ hà
kỷ hà học
geometry
geometry (as a field of study)

哥
693
ca、kha
elder brother
哥哥
哥倫布
ca ca
kha luân bố
brother
Christopher Columbus
痾
694
kha
chronic illness
沉痾
trầm kha
chronic, serious
坷
695
kha
clod of earth, lump of soil
坎坷
khảm kha
difficult, bad luck

阿
696
a
prefix for people's names
阿膠
阿彌陀佛
a giao
a di đà phật
glue, gelatin
Amnida Buddha; thank heavens!

歌
697
ca
song, lyrics
歌曲
情歌
ca khúc
tình ca
song
love-song

可
698
khả、khắc
may, can, -able
不可
可疑
即可
bất khả
khả nghi
tức khắc
cannot, unable, un-, not-, impossible
doubtful, suspicious
immediate, right away

刀

knife

Old Chinese: *C.tˤaw

Middle Chinese: taw

召
699
chiêu、triệu
imperial decree
召募
召集
召回
chiêu mộ
triệu tập
triệu hồi
to recruit, enlist
to call, summon, convoke
to recall (an official)
招
700
chiêu、kiêu
beckon, summon
招募
招牌
招兵
chiêu mộ
chiêu bài
kiêu binh
to recruit, enlist
signboard, label, hint statement
service-proud military man, arrogant soldier

照
701
chiếu
shine, illumine, reflect
護照
參照
hộ chiếu
tham chiếu
passport
reference
詔
702
chiếu
decree, proclaim
詔書
詔諭
chiếu thư
chiếu dụ
imperial edict, papal letter, brief
imperial order

超
703
siêu
jump over, leap over
超市
出超
siêu thị
xuất siêu
supermarket
excess of imports over exports, trade surplus

紹
704
thiệu
continue, carry on
介紹
giới thiệu
to introduce (friends)

刀
705
đao
knife
刀劍
飛刀
đao kiếm
phi đao
knife-shaped lance and sword, weapons
throwing knife

到
706
đáo
go to, arrive, been to
到頭
到任
đáo đầu
đáo nhiệm
draw to a close, near its end
come and take up one’s duty, come and assume one’s responsibility

倒
707
đảo
fall over
壓倒
打倒
áp đảo
đả đảo
to overwhelm, overcome, overpower
to demolish, knock down; down with ~!

白

white

Old Chinese: *bˤrak

Middle Chinese: baek

迫
708
bách
coerce, force, compel
逼迫
強迫
bức bách
cưỡng bách
to force, compel
to force, compel, coerce
百
709
bách
one hundred
百科
百科全書
bách khoa
bách khoa toàn thư
polytechnical, encyclopedic
encyclopedia

白
710
bạch
white
明白
白楊
minh bạch
bạch dương
clear, evident, transparent, explicit
(1) white poplar, birch; (2) Taurus
鉑
711
bạch
platinum (Pt)
鉑金
bạch kim
platinum, white gold

珀
712
phách
amber
琥珀
hổ phách
amber
魄
713
phách
vigor
魂魄
hồn phách
soul, vital spirit

伯
714
bá
older brother
伯爵
河伯
bá tước
hà bá
count, earl
the god of water

泊
715
bạc
anchor vessel
淡泊
đạm bạc
simple, frugal

勹

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: pruː

胞
716
bào
womb, placenta, fetal membrane
同胞
細胞質
đồng bào
tế bào chất
compatriot, fellow countryman, person in one’s same group, fellow-citizen
cytoplasm
袍
717
bào
long gown, robe, cloak
同袍
龍袍
đồng bào
long bào
compatriot, fellow countryman, person in one’s same group, fellow-citizen
imperial mantle, imperial robe
炮
718
bào、pháo
large gun, cannon
炮製
山炮
炮擊
bào chế
sơn pháo
pháo kích
pharmacy, druggist; to dispense, prepare medicines, make up medicines
mountain artillery
bombing; to bomb
鮑
719
bào
abalone
鮑魚
bào ngư
abalone
泡
720
bào
bubbles, suds
泡影
bào ảnh
bubble, illusion

包
721
bao
wrap, pack, bundle
包皮
包容
bao bì
bao dung
wrapping, packaging
generous, magnanimous; to tolerate; tolerance

砲
722
bác、pháo
gun, cannon
大砲
砲手
砲臺
đại bác
pháo thủ
pháo đài
cannon, gun
gunner
fort(ress), bunker

抱
723
bão
embrace, hold in arms, enfold
懷抱
hoài bão
aspiration, striving, yearning

甫

1: begin

Old Chinese: *p(r)aʔ

Middle Chinese: pjuX

2: great

Old Chinese: *praʔ

Middle Chinese: pjuX

葡
724
bồ
grapes
葡萄
葡萄牙
bồ đào
bồ đào nha
grapes
Portugal, Portuguese
蒲
725
bồ
type of rush
菖蒲
xương bồ
sweet rush

輔
726
phụ
cheek bone
輔助
輔佐
phụ trợ
phụ tá
auxiliary
assistant, aide; to aide, assist
傅
727
phụ
tutor, teacher
師傅
sư phụ
master

博
728
bác
gamble, play games
博士
博學
bác sĩ
bác học
medical doctor
scholar, scientist, man of learning; learned, erudite

薄
729
bạc
thin, slight, weak
薄弱
薄情
bạc nhược
bạc tình
debilitated, weakened, feeble
disloyal, unfaithful in love

補
730
bổ
mend, patch, fix, repair, restore
補充
補養
bổ sung
bổ dưỡng
to add, complete, supplement, make good (on something)
to nourish, build up, fortify

哺
731
bộ
chew food
乳哺
nhũ bộ
breast, breast-feeling

我

we, I

Old Chinese: *ŋˤajʔ

Middle Chinese: ngaX

鵝
732
nga
goose
天鵝
thiên nga
swan
俄
733
nga
sudden(ly), soon
俄文
nga văn
Russian
蛾
734
nga
moth
蛾眉
nga mi
fine eyebrows, beautiful eyebrows

犧
735
hy
sacrifice, give up
犧牲
hy sinh
to sacrifice (oneself)

儀
736
nghi
ceremony, rites gifts
儀禮
威儀
nghi lễ
uy nghi
rites, rituals, ceremony ceremonies, protocols
majestic, imposing

義
737
nghĩa
right conduct, righteousness
意義
同義
ý nghĩa
đồng nghĩa
meaning, sense, significance; significant
synonymous

議
738
nghị
consult, talk over, discuss
會議
議事
hội nghị
nghị sự
to confer, meet, convene; conference, meeting, congress
item of business, business (at a conference)

我
739
ngã
our, us, i, me, my, we
本我
自我
bản ngã
tự ngã
ego, self
ego

谷

valley

Old Chinese: *C.qˤok

Middle Chinese: kuwk

容
740
dung
looks, appearance
容積
容量
dung tích
dung lượng
capacity
capacity, volume, content; to have a capacity of, hold
溶
741
dung
to melt, dissolve
溶液
dung dịch
solution
熔
742
dung
melt, smelt, fuse
熔岩
dung nham
lava

慾
743
dục
lust, desire, passion
情慾
慾望
tình dục
dục vọng
sexual desire; sex
lust, desire, passions
欲
744
dục
desire, want, long for
物欲
vật dục
sexual desire

谷
745
cốc
valley, gorge, ravine
山谷
sơn cốc
dale, ravine

俗
746
tục
social customs
俗語
習俗
tục ngữ
tập tục
proverb
custom, tradition, habits

必

necessarily

Old Chinese: *pi[t]

Middle Chinese: pjit

秘
747
bí
secret, mysterious, abstruse
秘訣
玄秘
bí quyết
huyền bí
secret (formula)
hidden, mysterious, secret, occult
祕
748
bí
mysterious, secret, abstruse
祕傳
bí truyền
to hand down (formula) secretly

密
749
mật
dense, thick, close
秘密
保密
bí mật
bảo mật
secret, classified, confidential, unknown; secretly, stealthily
confidential; confidentiality; to keep secret; preservation of secrecy, security
蜜
750
mật
honey
蜜蜂
蜂蜜
mật ong
ong mật
honey
honey-bee

謐
751
mịch
calm, quiet, still
靜謐
tĩnh mịch
silent, still

瑟
752
sắt
large stringed musical instrument
琴瑟
cầm sắt
conjugal harmony

必
753
tất
surely, most certainly
必要
不必
tất yếu
bất tất
indispensable, vital, essential, necessary
unnecessary, needless

辟

1: inner coffin

Old Chinese: *[b]ˤek

Middle Chinese: bek

2: law, rule; lawful

Old Chinese: *[N]-pek

Middle Chinese: bjiek

3: ruler, prince

Old Chinese: *pek

Middle Chinese: pjiek

璧
754
bích
piece of jade with hole in it
璧玉
完璧
bích ngọc
hoàn bích
green jade, emerald
perfect, excellent
壁
755
bích
partition wall
壁報
bích báo
newspaper (posted on a wall)

僻
756
tịch
out-of-the-way, remote
幽僻
u tịch
remote, lonely, secluded, quiet
辟
757
tịch
law, rule
辟穀
tịch cốc
to abstain from food

擘
758
phách
thumb
巨擘
cự phách
celebrity, prominent figure

避
759
tị
avoid
避嫌
避難
tị hiềm
tị nạn
to avoid suspicion
refugee; to flee from danger

譬
760
tỷ
metaphor, simile, example
譬如
tỷ như
for instance, for example

朿

sharp point, thorn

Old Chinese: *[tsʰ]ek-s

Middle Chinese: tshjeH

積
761
tích
accumulate, store up, amass
積極
積累
tích cực
tích lũy
active, energetic; positive
to hoard, gather, accumulate, store up, stockpile
績
762
tích
spin
成績
功績
thành tích
công tích
achievement, accomplishment, performance, result
merit
磧
763
tích
sand and gravel
冰磧
băng tích
moraine

責
764
trách、trái
one's responsibility, duty
責任
職責
責令
trách nhiệm
chức trách
trái lệnh
responsibility, coverage, liability
authorities (in charge); responsibility, duty
to break a law, disobey an order
債
765
trái
debt, loan, liabilities
債主
公債
trái chủ
công trái
creditor
public loan, debt; government bond

策
766
sách
scheme, plan
政策
策略
chính sách
sách lược
policy
strategy, tactics

刺
767
thích、thứ
stab
刺客
行刺
刺史
thích khách
hành thích
thứ sử
assassin
to assassinate
names of Chinese officials and governors in Vietnam during the

員

1: circle; round

Old Chinese: *ɢʷen

Middle Chinese: hjwen

2: (a particle)

Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷə[n]

Middle Chinese: hjun

勛
768
huân
meritorious deed
勛章
huân chương
medal, decoration
勳
769
huân
meritorious deed
勳爵
huân tước
lord

員
770
viên、vân
member
演員
成員
兵員
diễn viên
thành viên
binh vân
performer, actor
member
propaganda with troops
圓
771
viên
circle
圓寂
圓滿
viên tịch
viên mãn
to pass away, die
perfect, faultless, finished, complete, full

損
772
tổn
diminish
損傷
損失
tổn thương
tổn thất
to hurt, damage, wound, injure, harm
to lose; loss

隕
773
vẫn
fall, slip
隕石
vẫn thạch
meteorite

韻
774
vận
rhyme
風韻
音韻
phong vận
âm vận
elegant and refined
sound and rhyme, phonology

昜

bright

Old Chinese: *laŋ

Middle Chinese: yang

陽
775
dương
the active, male principle in Chinese philosophy (yang)
陽曆
太陽
dương lịch
thái dương
solar calendar
temple sun
楊
776
dương
willow, poplar, aspen
楊柳
白楊
dương liễu
bạch dương
willow
(1) white poplar, birch; (2) Taurus
揚
777
dương
scatter, spread
悠揚
讚揚
du dương
tán dương
melodious, harmonious, sweet
to praise

傷
778
thương
wound, injury
內傷
傷寒
nội thương
thương hàn
internal disease
typhoid

腸
779
tràng
intestines
直腸
結腸
trực tràng
kết tràng
rectum
colon

場
780
trường
open space, field, market
現場
戰場
hiện trường
chiến trường
scene, place of action, location
battlefield, battleground

蕩
781
đãng
pond, pool
淫蕩
dâm đãng
lustful, lewd

蜀

caterpillar; Shu [place name]

Old Chinese: *[d]ok

Middle Chinese: dzyowk

燭
782
chúc
candle, taper
花燭
hoa chúc
flowered candelabrum of the wedding night, marriage
囑
783
chúc
order, tell, instruct, leave word
遺囑
di chúc
will, testament

屬
784
thuộc
class, category, type
親屬
隸屬
thân thuộc
lệ thuộc
relatives
dependent, subordinate; to depend

蜀
785
thục
one of the Three Kingdoms, established by Liu Bei
蜀葵
thục quỳ
marshmallow, hollyhock

濁
786
trọc
muddy, turbid, dirty, filthy
白濁
bạch trọc
gonorrhea

觸
787
xúc
touch
感觸
觸動
cảm xúc
xúc động
feeling(s)
emotion, feeling; to be moved, touched (emotionally)

獨
788
độc
alone, single, solitary, only
獨立
獨一
độc lập
độc nhất
independent; independence
sole, unique, only, single

占

prognosticate

Old Chinese: *tem

Middle Chinese: tsyem

店
789
điếm
shop, store
商店
書店
thương điếm
thư điếm
commercial firm, shop, store
bookshop, bookstore
玷
790
điếm
flaw in gem
玷辱
điếm nhục
defame, shame, disgrace

占
791
chiêm
divine
占星學
占卜
chiêm tinh học
chiêm bốc
astrology
to divine, cast lots

佔
792
chiếm
occupy by force, usurp
侵佔
佔有
xâm chiếm
chiếm hữu
to invade, conquer, occupy, seize
to hold, own, possess

黏
793
niêm
stick to
黏膜
黏液
niêm mạc
niêm dịch
mucous membrane
mucus

帖
794
thiếp
invitation card
名帖
danh thiếp
business card

點
795
điểm
dot, speck, spot
地點
試點
địa điểm
thí điểm
area, point, site, position, location
experimental place, test regions

帝

God

Old Chinese: *tˤek-s

Middle Chinese: tejH

摘
796
trích
pluck, pick
摘引
指摘
trích dẫn
chỉ trích
to excerpt, quote; according to
to criticize; criticism
謫
797
trích
charge, blame
指謫
chỉ trích
to criticize; criticism

適
798
thích
match, comfortable
適合
適應
thích hợp
thích ứng
to fit, suit; appropriate, suitable
appropriate, suitable; to cope, adapt

嫡
799
đích
legal wife, child of legal wife
嫡母
đích mẫu
legitimate mother (one’s father legitimate wife)

帝
800
đế
supreme ruler, emperor
皇帝
黃帝
hoàng đế
hoàng đế
emperor, king
emperor, king

蹄
801
đề
hoof
奇蹄類
kỳ đề loại
perissodactyl

敵
802
địch
enemy, foe, rival
敵國
敵手
địch quốc
địch thủ
hostile country, hostile nation
opponent, rival

皮

skin

Old Chinese: *m-[p](r)aj

Middle Chinese: bje

皮
803
bì
skin, hide, fur, feather
封皮
表皮
phong bì
biểu bì
envelope
epidermis
疲
804
bì
feel tired, be exhausted
疲乏
bì phạp
tired, worn out, exhausted

波
805
ba
waves, breakers
波動
聲波
ba động
thanh ba
undulate
sound wave

婆
806
bà
old woman
婆家
bà cô
one’s father

被
807
bị
passive indicator 'by'
被動
被告人
bị động
bị cáo nhân
passive
the defendant, the accused

玻
808
pha
glass
玻璃
pha lê
crystal, glass

破
809
phá
break, ruin, destroy
破產
破壞
phá sản
phá hoại
bankruptcy, insolvency, failure; to fail completely, go bankrupt
to destroy, sabotage, tear down, break up

分

1: divide

Old Chinese: *pə[n]

Middle Chinese: pjun

2: alloted duty

Old Chinese: *[m]-pə[n]-s

Middle Chinese: bjunH

份
810
phần
portion, part
全份
股份
toàn phần
cổ phần
total, complete
stock, share
分
811
phân、phần、phận
divide
分析
分工
成分
學分
部分
安分
phân tích
phân công
thành phần
học phần
bộ phận
an phận
to analyze; analysis
division of labor; to allot, assign
component, constituent, composition, element, segement, (sub)group; exploration
unit of study, credit, module
gear, part, device, section
content, happy
芬
812
phần
fragrance, aroma
芬蘭
phần lan
Finland

頒
813
ban
confer, bestow
頒行
頒布
ban hành
ban bố
to issue, pass (laws, etc.), publish
to issue, promulgate (laws, regulations)

貧
814
bần
poor, impoverished, needy
貧寒
貧窮
bần hàn
bần cùng
poor and miserable
(1) poverty; poor, needy, destitute; (2) only when one cannot help it, only as a last resort

盆
815
bồn
basin, tub, pot, bowl
盆花
覆盆子
bồn hoa
phúc bồn tử
flower bed
ribes, raspberry

粉
816
phấn
powder, face powder
粉塵
授粉
phấn trần
thụ phấn
feather duster
to pollinate

監

1: inspect

Old Chinese: *[k]ˤram

Middle Chinese: kaem

2: mirror

Old Chinese: *kˤram-s

Middle Chinese: kaemH

監
817
giam、giám
supervise, control, direct
監禁
監考
國子監
giam cầm
giám khảo
quốc tử giám
to detain, imprison, jail
examiner
royal college
鑑
818
giám
mirror, looking glass
鑑定
年鑑
giám định
niên giám
to appraise, estimate, examine and to decide
yearbook

鹽
819
diêm
salt
鹽田
diêm điền
salt marsh

艦
820
hạm
warship
艦隊
戰艦
hạm đội
chiến hạm
fleet
warship, battleship

襤
821
lam
ragged, tattered, threadbare
襤褸
lam lũ
ragged, tattered, shabby

覽
822
lãm
look at, inspect
一覽
遊覽
nhất lãm
du lãm
at a glance
to go sightseeing

濫
823
lạm
flood, overflow
濫用
濫權
lạm dụng
lạm quyền
to misuse, abuse
to abuse power, authority

加

add

Old Chinese: *kˤraj

Middle Chinese: kae

咖
824
cà
coffee
咖啡
cà phê
coffee
袈
825
cà
Buddhist cassock
袈裟
cà sa
monk’s robe

架
826
giá
rack, stand, prop
高架
筆架
cao giá
bút giá
high price, hight value
a pen rest, a stand for pens
駕
827
giá
to drive, sail, fly
車駕
xa giá
state-coach, four-wheeled carriage, chariot of the king

加
828
gia
add to, increase, augment
加入
加工
gia nhập
gia công
to join, merge, adhere, stick to
to endeavor, do one’s utmost, process

伽
829
già
transcription of Sanskrit 'gha' in Buddhist texts ('samgha', etc.)
僧伽
tăng già
(Buddhism) Buddhist monastic community, sangha

良

good

Old Chinese: *[r]aŋ

Middle Chinese: ljang

郎
830
lang
gentleman, young man
郎君
女郎
lang quân
nữ lang
husband
maid, maiden
狼
831
lang
wolf
豺狼
sài lang
wolf fiendish person

浪
832
lãng
wave
浪漫
流浪
lãng mạn
lưu lãng
romantic
vagrant
閬
833
lãng
high door
閬苑
lãng uyển
the immortals’ abode

良
834
lương
good, virtuous, respectable
改良
良心
cải lương
lương tâm
to improve, reform; (modern) play
conscience

娘
835
nương
mother
娘子
nương tử
young lady, young woman

兆

great number

Old Chinese: *lr[a]wʔ

Middle Chinese: drjewX

跳
836
khiêu
jump, leap, vault, bounce
跳舞
khiêu vũ
to dance; dance, ball
挑
837
khiêu
a load carried on the shoulders
挑戰
挑動
khiêu chiến
khiêu động
to challenge, provoke to a fight or war
to excite, provoke

桃
838
đào
peach
櫻桃
桃花
anh đào
đào hoa
cherry
to be lucky in love
逃
839
đào
escape, flee
逃走
逃脫
đào tẩu
đào thoát
to flee, run away, take flight, defect
to defect, escape, flee, run away; defection

兆
840
triệu
omen
先兆
朕兆
tiên triệu
trẫm triệu
omen
omen, foreboding

窕
841
điệu
slender
窈窕
yểu điệu
graceful

主

master; host

Old Chinese: *toʔ

Middle Chinese: tsyuX

注
842
chú
concentrate, focus, direct
注重
注釋
chú trọng
chú thích
to pay attention, attach importance
to annotate, note, edit, make a note; note, annotation
註
843
chú
explain
註解
評註
chú giải
bình chú
comment
to annotate, comment

住
844
trú
reside, live at, dwell, lodge
常住
移住
thường trú
di trú
resident
to immigrate, migrate, change one’s address; immigration
駐
845
trú
to be stationed at, reside at
常駐
駐軍
thường trú
trú quân
resident
be billeted, station

主
846
chúa、chủ
master, chief owner
公主
天主
主席
主動
công chúa
thiên chúa
chủ tịch
chủ động
princess
God (Christian)
chairman, president
active; to initiate

柱
847
trụ
pillar, post
稜柱
lăng trụ
prism

咅

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: pʰɯʔ

Middle Chinese: pʰuʔ

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: pʰl'oːs

Middle Chinese: tʰoːs

賠
848
bồi
indemnify, suffer loss
賠償
bồi thường
compensation, damages; to compensate, make up for, pay damages
陪
849
bồi
accompany, be with, keep company
陪審團
bồi thẩm đoàn
jury
培
850
bồi
bank up with dirt
栽培
tài bồi
cultivate, improve (the mind)

菩
851
bồ
herb, aromatic plant
菩提
菩薩
bồ đề
bồ tát
bodhi (tree)
Bodhisattva

倍
852
bội
times, fold, multiple times
倍數
倍增
bội số
bội tăng
multiple (of another number)
to increase many times

剖
853
phẫu
split in two, slice
解剖
解剖學
giải phẫu
giải phẫu học
surgery; to dissect, operate
anatomy

壽

1: longevity

Old Chinese: *[N-t]uʔ

Middle Chinese: dzyuwX

2: longevity

Old Chinese: *[N-t]uʔ-s

Middle Chinese: dzyuwH

疇
854
trù
farmland, arable land
範疇
phạm trù
category
籌
855
trù
chip, tally, token
運籌學
籌謀
vận trù học
trù mưu
operational research, operations research
machinate, make plans
躊
856
trù
hesitate, falter
躊躇
trù trừ
to hesitate

壽
857
thọ
old age, long life
長壽
壽命
trường thọ
thọ mệnh
long-lived
life span

濤
858
đào
large waves
波濤
ba đào
rolling waves, misfortune, ups and downs

禱
859
đảo
pray
祈禱
kỳ đảo
to pray (for something)

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: b·roːn

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: b·ron

3: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: b·rons

灣
860
loan
a bay, cove, inlet, bend of stream
臺灣
đài loan
Taiwan
鑾
861
loan
small tinkling bell
回鑾
hồi loan
return to the capital
鸞
862
loan
mythical bird related to the phoenix
鸞鳳
loan phượng
the married couple, the husband and wife

變
863
biến、biện
change, transform, alter
演變
衍變
變法
diễn biến
diễn biến
biện pháp
development, event, happening; to evolve unfold, happen
development, event, happening; to evolve unfold, happen
measure, action, method, means, procedure

戀
864
luyến
love
留戀
戀愛
lưu luyến
luyến ái
attached to, fond of
love, romance

蠻
865
man
barbarians
野蠻
dã man
savage, barbarian, brutal, barbarous

亡

flee; disappear; die

Old Chinese: *maŋ

Middle Chinese: mjang

亡
866
vong、vô
death, destroyed
流亡
滅亡
有名亡實
lưu vong
diệt vong
hữu danh vô thực
to wander; in exile, exiled
to die out, become extinct
nominal, on paper, in name only
忘
867
vong、vô
forget
忘恩
忘本
忘情
vong ân
vong bản
vô tình
ungrateful
forget one’s origin, disown one’s origin; uprooted
indifferent, apathetic, unintentional, unknowing, unwitting

荒
868
hoang
wasteland, desert
開荒
荒蕪
khai hoang
hoang vu
reclaim waste land, reclaim virgin soil
wild, desert, desolate

喪
869
tang
mourning
喪事
喪服
tang sự
tang phục
funeral ceremonies, obsequies
mourning clothes

網
870
võng
net, web
天羅地網
網膜
thiên la địa võng
võng mạc
the sky net, divine justice
retina

望
871
vọng
to look at, look forward
寄望
期望
kỳ vọng
kỳ vọng
to hope, desire, expect; expectations
to hope, desire, expect; expectations

非

is not

Old Chinese: *pəj

Middle Chinese: pj+j

非
872
phi
not, negative, non-
南非
非常
nam phi
phi thường
South Africa
unusual, extraordinary, exceptional
菲
873
phi
fragrant, luxuriant
菲律賓
phi luật tân
the Philippines; Filipino

悲
874
bi
sorrow, grief
悲觀
悲歌
bi quan
bi ca
pessimistic, negative
elegy, plaint

排
875
bài
row, rank, line
排泄
安排
bài tiết
an bài
to excrete, defecate, expel, eject; defecation, excretion
to arrange, display, preordain, forecast, predestine

啡
876
phê
morphine
咖啡
cà phê
coffee

匪
877
phỉ
bandits, robbers, gangsters
土匪
thổ phỉ
bandit, brigand

亥

12th earthly branch

Old Chinese: *[g]ˤəʔ

Middle Chinese: hojX

骸
878
hài
skeleton, body
形骸
遺骸
hình hài
di hài
body, physical being
relics, remains
孩
879
hài
baby, child
嬰孩
anh hài
infant

駭
880
hãi
terrify, frighten, scare
驚駭
kinh hãi
scared, terrified

劾
881
hặc
examine into, impeach, charge
彈劾
đàn hặc
to impute (to), lay to the charge (of), impeach

咳
882
khái
cough
咳血
khái huyết
cough up blood

刻
883
khắc
carve, engrave
頃刻
時刻
khoảnh khắc
thời khắc
instant, moment, short space of time
time

旦

dawn

Old Chinese: *tˤan-s

Middle Chinese: tanH

壇
884
đàn
altar
文壇
văn đàn
literary circles
顫
885
đàn
shiver, tremble
顫音
đàn âm
trill

坦
886
thản
flat, smooth
平坦
坦然
bình thản
thản nhiên
peaceful, uneventful, level, even, indifferent
calm, unruffled, impassive, emotionless, unemotional

旦
887
đán
dawn
元旦
一旦
nguyên đán
nhất đán
new year (lunar calendar), new year’s day
one day suddenly

靼
888
đát
Tatars
韃靼
thát đát
Tartar, Mongol

疸
889
đản
jaundice
黃疸
hoàng đản
jaundice, the yellows

予

1: I, we

Old Chinese: *laʔ

Middle Chinese: yo

2: give; together with

Old Chinese: *laʔ

Middle Chinese: yoX

預
890
dự
prepare, arrange
預案
預見
dự án
dự kiến
draft, project, mission, plan
expectation, calculation, plan, forecast, prediction; to forecast, predict, anticipate, foresee; expected, anticipated, predicted
豫
891
dự
relaxed, comfortable, at ease
猶豫
do dự
to hesitate, waver, be unable to decide

野
892
dã
open country, field
荒野
野蠻
hoang dã
dã man
wild
savage, barbarian, brutal, barbarous

墅
893
thự
villa, country house
別墅
biệt thự
courthouse, manor, villa

抒
894
trữ
express
抒情
trữ tình
lyrical, lyric

序
895
tự、tựa
series, serial order, sequence
秩序
程序
題序
trật tự
trình tự
đề tựa
order
sequence, order, process
preface

合

1: together; put together; combined

Old Chinese: *kˤop

Middle Chinese: kop

2: come together; bring together

Old Chinese: *m-kˤop

Middle Chinese: hop

合
896
hiệp、hợp
combine, unite, join
聯合
連合
符合
合理
liên hiệp
liên hiệp
phù hợp
hợp lý
to ally, unite, combine, coalesce
to ally, unite, combine, coalesce
to agree, conform
sensible, rational, logical, reasonable
洽
897
hiệp
to blend with, be in harmony
洽商
hiệp thương
to confer, negotiate

給
898
cấp
give
給養
俸給
cấp dưỡng
bổng cấp
to provide relief for (old or disabled person)
pay, salary, allowance

塔
899
tháp
tower, spire, tall building
金字塔
kim tự tháp
pyramid

拾
900
thập
pick up, collect, tidy up
收拾
thu thập
to collect, gather

答
901
đáp
answer, reply
解答
答案
giải đáp
đáp án
to answer (a question), reply, solve
detailed schemed solution (answer), model solution, key (to exercises)

屯

1: accumulate

Old Chinese: *[d]ˤun

Middle Chinese: dwon

2: difficult

Old Chinese: *trun

Middle Chinese: trwin

沌
902
độn
chaotic, confused
混沌
hỗn độn
chaotic, confused
鈍
903
độn
blunt, obtuse
愚鈍
ngu độn
dull-witted

純
904
thuần、tuyền
pure, clean, simple
純潔
純粹
清純
thuần khiết
thuần túy
thanh tuyền
pure
pure, absolute, unmixed
pure stream

春
905
xuân
spring
遊春
新春
du xuân
tân xuân
to enjoy the spring
beginning of spring, early spring

蠢
906
xuẩn
wriggle
愚蠢
ngu xuẩn
stupid, dumb, slow-witted, foolish

頓
907
đốn
pause, stop
困頓
華盛頓
khốn đốn
hoa thịnh đốn
poverty-stricken, miserable
Washington

令

1: 脊令 tsjek.leng (a kind of water bird)

Old Chinese: *[r]ˤiŋ

Middle Chinese: leng

2: send (a person)

Old Chinese: *riŋ

Middle Chinese: ljeng

3: issue a command

Old Chinese: *riŋ-s

Middle Chinese: ljengH

領
908
lãnh、lĩnh
neck
領導
領土
統領
領唱
lãnh đạo
lãnh thổ
thống lĩnh
lĩnh xướng
to guide, lead, direct, conduct; leadership, direction
territory, domain
commander-in-chief; to dominate, be dominant
set or give the tune, lead the singing or choir
冷
909
lãnh、lạnh
cold, cool
冷淡
陰冷
lãnh đạm
ấm lạnh
cold, chilly, apathetic, indifferent
warm and cold, how someone is doing

零
910
linh
zero
凋零
飄零
điêu linh
phiêu linh
falling into decay, going to rack and ruin
adventuresome, wander, drift

嶺
911
lĩnh
mountain ridge, mountain peak
山嶺
sơn lĩnh
mountains

令
912
lệnh、lịnh
command, order
敕令
命令
法令
下令
sắc lệnh
mệnh lệnh
pháp lịnh
hạ lịnh
decree, order
order, command, dictate, instructions
law, regulations, ordinances
to order, command

命
913
mạng、mệnh
life
革命
性命
命名
定命
cách mạng
tính mạng
mệnh danh
định mệnh
revolution; revolutionary
life
to call, name
destiny, fate

公

1: impartial, just; public

Old Chinese: *C.qˤoŋ

Middle Chinese: kuwng

2: father; prince

Old Chinese: *C.qˤoŋ

Middle Chinese: kuwng

松
914
tùng
pine tree
松香
tùng hương
pine tar
鬆
915
tùng
lax, loose
石鬆
thạch tùng
lycopod, lycopodium

公
916
công
fair, equitable
公司
公安
công ty
công an
company, firm
policeman; public security, police

頌
917
tụng
laud, acclaim
歌頌
稱頌
ca tụng
xưng tụng
to congratulate, praise, eulogize
to praise, commend, extol, eulogize

翁
918
ông
old man
富翁
醉翁
phú ông
túy ông
rich man
drunkard, heavy drinker, demon of alcohol, dipsomaniac

世

generation

Old Chinese: *l̥ap-s

Middle Chinese: syejH

蝶
919
điệp
butterfly
蝴蝶
hồ điệp
butterfly
諜
920
điệp
an intelligence report
諜報
反間諜
điệp báo
phản gián điệp
espionage, intelligence
counter-spy; counterespionage

葉
921
diệp
leaf, petal
紅葉
末葉
hồng diệp
mạt diệp
red leaf
the end of an era

世
922
thế
generation
世界
世紀
thế giới
thế kỷ
world, universe
century

泄
923
tiết
leak
泄露
排泄
tiết lộ
bài tiết
to divulge, disclose, reveal; disclosure
to excrete, defecate, expel, eject; defecation, excretion

正

1: 1st (month)

Old Chinese: *C.teŋ

Middle Chinese: tsyeng

2: correct (adj., v.)

Old Chinese: *teŋ-s

Middle Chinese: tsyengH

政
924
chính
government, political affairs
政府
財政
chính phủ
tài chính
government
finances, financial
正
925
chính
right, proper, correct
正式
正本
chính thức
chính bản
official, formal, legal
original

征
926
chinh
invade, attack, conquer
征服
長征
chinh phục
trường chinh
to conquer, vanquish, subdue, win
long march

整
927
chỉnh
orderly, neat, tidy
整理
整流
chỉnh lý
chỉnh lưu
to readjust, rearrange, arrange again
to rectify

定
928
định
decide, settle, fix
決定
規定
quyết định
quy định
decision, resolution; to decide, resolve, determine
specification; to provide, fix, stipulate, define, specify

戸

顧
929
cố
look back
顧問
照顧
cố vấn
chiếu cố
counselor, council, councilor, advisor; counseling; to advise, council
to patronize, pay attention to, take care of, consider, make allowance for, patronize
雇
930
cố
employ, to hire
貧雇農
bần cố nông
poorest and most wretched peasant

戶
931
hộ
door
戶口
農戶
hộ khẩu
nông hộ
population, residents
farmer household

所
932
sở
place, location
所有
所以
sở hữu
sở dĩ
property; to own, hold
the reason why, therefore, that’s why

妒
933
đố
jealous, envious
妒忌
嫉妒
đố kỵ
tật đố
envious, jealous
be jealous

曾

1: (adverb indicating past time)

Old Chinese: *[dz]ˤəŋ

Middle Chinese: dzong

2: remote (ancestor)

Old Chinese: *[ts]ˤəŋ

Middle Chinese: tsong

增
934
tăng
increase, add to, augment
增長
增強
tăng trưởng
tăng cường
to grow; growth
to strengthen, reinforce
僧
935
tăng
Buddhist priest, monk
高僧
僧尼
cao tăng
tăng ni
eminent monk
Buddhist clergy (monks and nuns)

層
936
tầng
story, layer, floor, stratum
多層
上層
đa tầng
thượng tầng
multilayer, multilevel
higher layer

曾
937
tằng
already
曾孫
曾祖
tằng tôn
tằng tổ
great-grandchild
great-grandparent

贈
938
tặng
give present
敬贈
遺贈
kính tặng
di tặng
to present with respect
bequeath

共

together, all

Old Chinese: *N-k(r)oŋʔ-s

Middle Chinese: gjowngH

供
939
cung
supply, provide for
供給
供應
cung cấp
cung ứng
supply (in a market); provide; to furnish, supply, provide
to answer, fill a need, supply, furnish, provide
恭
940
cung
respectful, polite, reverent
恭敬
謙恭
cung kính
khiêm cung
honor, respect, esteem, respectful, deferential
polite, courteous, respectful

港
941
cảng
port, harbor
商港
香港
thương cảng
hương cảng
commercial seaport
Hong Kong

共
942
cộng
together with, all, total
共同
總共
cộng đồng
tổng cộng
common, collective, community
grand total, all together, total

洪
943
hồng
vast, immense
洪水
洪福
hồng thủy
hồng phúc
the deluge, the flood
great blessing

母

mother

Old Chinese: *məʔ (? or *mˤoʔ)

Middle Chinese: muwX

侮
944
hối
insult, ridicule, disgrace
外侮
ngoại hối
foreign exchange
悔
945
hối
repent, show remorse, regret
悔改
悔婚
hối cải
hối hôn
show repentance and desire to redeem one’s faults
to break the promise of marriage

海
946
hải
sea, ocean
海防
海防
hải phòng
hải phòng
Haiphong / coast guard
Haiphong / coast guard

敏
947
mẫn
fast, quick, clever, smart
敏感
敏捷
mẫn cảm
mẫn tiệp
sensitive
diligent, quick-witted, smart, sharp

母
948
mẫu
mother
母子
聖母
mẫu tử
thánh mẫu
mother and child
the blessed virgin, the holy mother

婁

drag, trail (v.)

Old Chinese: *[r]o

Middle Chinese: lju

樓
949
lâu
building of two or more stories
望樓
青樓
vọng lâu
thanh lâu
watch tower gazebo
brothel, house of prostitution, parlor house
嘍
950
lâu
used in onomatopoetic expressions
嘍囉
lâu la
underling, henchmen, minion

褸
951
lũ
lapel, collar
襤褸
lam lũ
ragged, tattered, shabby

縷
952
lụa
thread
絲縷
tơ lụa
silk

數
953
số
number
指數
定數
chỉ số
định số
index
fixed number

高

high, tall

Old Chinese: *Cə.[k]ˤaw

Middle Chinese: kaw

高
954
cao
high, tall
高速
高級
cao tốc
cao cấp
high speed
high ranking, high level
膏
955
cao
grease, fat
石膏
thạch cao
plaster

稿
956
cảo
draft, manuscript, rough copy
遺稿
稿本
di cảo
cảo bản
posthumous manuscript
manuscript

豪
957
hào
brave, heroic, chivalrous
文豪
豪俠
văn hào
hào hiệp
famous writer, great writer
gallant, chivalrous

犒
958
khao
entertain victorious soldiers
犒賞
khao thưởng
give a feast as reward, reward with a feast

台

I, me

Old Chinese: *lə

Middle Chinese: yi

台
959
đài
platform
看台
台北
khán đài
đài bắc
reviewing stand, bleachers, grand stand
Taipei
苔
960
đài
moss, lichen
苔原
đài nguyên
tundra

胎
961
thai
unborn child, embryo, fetus
投胎
胚胎
đầu thai
phôi thai
reincarnate
embryo

始
962
thủy
begin, start
原始
開始
nguyên thủy
khai thủy
primitive, original
begin, commence, start

治
963
trị
govern, regulate, administer
政治
治病
chính trị
trị bệnh
politics, political, policy
to cure, treat (medically), prescribe (a treatment)

五

five

Old Chinese: *C.ŋˤaʔ

Middle Chinese: nguX

伍
964
ngũ
five, company of five
入伍
隊伍
nhập ngũ
đội ngũ
to enlist, join the military
ranks (of soldiers, workers)
五
965
ngũ
five
五穀
五行
ngũ cốc
ngũ hành
cereal, grain
the five basic elements (metal, wood, water, fire, earth)

梧
966
ngô
Chinese parasol tree, Sterculia platanifolia
梧桐
ngô đồng
sterculia platanifola, plane tree, wootung tree

悟
967
ngộ
to apprehend, realize, become aware
覺悟
省悟
giác ngộ
tỉnh ngộ
to awaken, realize, be enlightened, come to reason
to be disillusioned, be enlightened, see reason

語
968
ngữ
language, words
言語
外語
ngôn ngữ
ngoại ngữ
language
foreign language

旨

fine-tasting

Old Chinese: *kijʔ

Middle Chinese: tsyijX

指
969
chỉ
finger, toe
指摘
指謫
chỉ trích
chỉ trích
to criticize; criticism
to criticize; criticism
旨
970
chỉ
purpose, aim
詔旨
聖旨
chiếu chỉ
thánh chỉ
royal, imperial edict or proclamation
imperial edict

稽
971
kê
examine, investigate
滑稽
hoạt kê
humor, humoristic, humorous, comic

耆
972
kỳ
man of sixty
黃耆
hoàng kỳ
astragalus

嗜
973
thị
be fond of, have weakness for
嗜慾
嗜好
thị dục
thị hiếu
desire, passion, lust
hobby, liking, passion

畐

fullness

Old Chinese: *[b]ək

Middle Chinese: bjuwk

輻
974
bức
spokes of wheel
輻射
輻射計
bức xạ
bức xạ kế
radiation
radiometer
逼
975
bức
compel, pressure, force
逼供
強逼
bức cung
cưỡng bức
extort depositions from
to force, compel

副
976
phó
assist
副總統
副主任
phó tổng thống
phó chủ nhiệm
vice-president
deputy chairman, vice-chairman, deputy

富
977
phú
abundant, ample
富國
富強
phú quốc
phú cường
a rich country
prosperous, powerful (country)

福
978
phúc
happiness, good fortune, blessing
祝福
洪福
chúc phúc
hồng phúc
to wish somebody well
great blessing

屰

go against

Old Chinese: *ŋrak

Middle Chinese: ngjaek

愕
979
ngạc
startled, alarmed, astonished
驚愕
kinh ngạc
surprised, shocked, stupefied; surprise
鱷
980
ngạc
crocodile, alligator
鱷魚
ngạc ngư
crocodile

逆
981
nghịch
disobey, rebel
逆境
逆子
nghịch cảnh
nghịch tử
adversity, adverse, circumstances
ungrateful son, impious son

朔
982
sóc
first day of lunar month
朔望
sóc vọng
the first and fifteenth of a lunar month

訴
983
tố
accuse
訴苦
追訴
tố khổ
truy tố
to air one’s grievances
to prosecute, sue

圭

jade scepter

Old Chinese: *[k]ʷˤe

Middle Chinese: kwej

閨
984
khuê
small entrance
閨房
香閨
khuê phòng
hương khuê
bower, boudoir
women’s chamber
硅
985
khuê
silicon (element 14, Si)
硅藻
khuê tảo
diatom

佳
986
giai
good, auspicious
佳人
佳音
giai nhân
giai âm
beautiful girl, exquisite woman
good news

卦
987
quái
fortune telling
八卦
bát quái
the Eight Trigrams (càn, khảm, cấn, chấn, tốn, ly, khôn, đoài)

桂
988
quế
cassia or cinnamon
桂枝
月桂
quế chi
nguyệt quế
cinnamon twig
laurel

京

hill; capital city

Old Chinese: *[k]raŋ

Middle Chinese: kjaeng

影
989
ảnh
shadow
影響
電影
ảnh hưởng
điện ảnh
influence, effect, impact; to influence, affect
movie, motion picture
景
990
cảnh、ảnh
scenery, view
景觀
情景
幻景
cảnh quan
tình cảnh
ảo ảnh
landscape
setting, situation, stage, scene (of a play)
illusion, mirage

京
991
kinh
capital city
北京
回京
bắc kinh
hồi kinh
Peking, Beijing
be recalled to the capital for instruction from

鯨
992
kình
whale
鯨魚
kình ngư
whale

涼
993
lương
cool, cold
清涼
淒涼
thanh lương
thê lương
coolness, freshness
desolate

直

straight

Old Chinese: *N-tək

Middle Chinese: drik

值
994
trị、trực
price
數值
極值
正值
值日
số trị
cực trị
chính trực
trực nhật
numerical value
extreme, extremum
honest, straightforward, truthful, upright
to be on duty, on duty
直
995
trực
straight, erect, vertical
直接
直線
trực tiếp
trực tuyến
immediate, direct, live
online, direct line, straight line

植
996
thực
plant, trees, plants
植物
植物學
thực vật
thực vật học
vegetation, flora
botany

置
997
trí
place, lay out
佈置
位置
bố trí
vị trí
arrangement; to arrange, deploy
position, place

德
998
đức
ethics, morality, virtue
美德
公德
mỹ đức
công đức
virtue, good quality
virtue, morality, merit

用

use (v.)

Old Chinese: *loŋ-s

Middle Chinese: yowngH

通
999
thông
pass through
通報
通常
thông báo
thông thường
announcement, report, statement, message; to inform, announce, make known, advise, warn
common, normal, general, popular, universal, usual, conventional; in general
痛
1000
thông、thống
pain, ache
痛感
痛切
痛風
thông cảm
thống thiết
thống phong
to sympathize, feel for, understand, comprehend
grief, sorrow, woe, sorrowful, sad, touching, moving
gout, arthritis

庸
1001
dung
usual, common, ordinary, mediocre
庸俗
dung tục
vulgar

勇
1002
dũng
brave, courageous, fierce
勇敢
英勇
dũng cảm
anh dũng
brave, courageous, bold, fearless
brave, valiant, heroic, courageous

用
1003
dụng
use, employ, apply, operate
信用
應用
tín dụng
ứng dụng
confidence, trust, credit (economic)
to apply, use; application, (computer) program

付

give

Old Chinese: *p(r)o-s

Middle Chinese: pjuH

府
1004
phủ
prefecture
首府
非政府
thủ phủ
phi chính phủ
capital city, metropolis
non-governmental
腑
1005
phủ
bowels, entrails, internal organs
臟腑
六腑
tạng phủ
lục phủ
viscera and organs
the six internal organs, the viscera

符
1006
bùa、phù
i.d. tag, tally, symbol, charm
符咒
音符
虎符
bùa chú
âm phù
hổ phù
amulet
phonetic symbol
ancient military officers’ tigerhead-shaped seal

付
1007
phó
give, deliver, pay, hand over
應付
對付
ứng phó
đối phó
to cope with, deal with
to face, deal with, cope, react

附
1008
phụ
adhere to, append
附屬
附近
phụ thuộc
phụ cận
secondary, dependent, subordinate, dependent on; accessory
neighboring, surrounding, adjacent

奇

1: odd (number)

Old Chinese: *[k](r)aj

Middle Chinese: kje

2: strange

Old Chinese: *N-k(r)aj

Middle Chinese: gje

寄
1009
ký、kỳ
send, transmit, mail
寄宿
寄託
寄望
ký túc
ký thác
kỳ vọng
to get bed and board
to entrust, deposit, trust, confide
to hope, desire, expect; expectations
奇
1010
cơ、kỳ
strange, unusual, uncanny, occult
奇能
奇妙
新奇
cơ năng
kỳ diệu
tân kỳ
function, ability
marvelous, wonderful
new fangled
崎
1011
kỳ
rough, uneven, jagged, rugged
崎嶇
kỳ khu
bumpy, rough, rugged

騎
1012
kị、kỵ
ride horseback
騎士
騎兵
騎射
kị sĩ
kỵ binh
kỵ xạ
cavalryman, cavalier, horseman
cavalry, horse
horsemanship and archery

倚
1013
ỷ
rely on, depend on
倚賴
ỷ lại
to depend, rely on others

史

scribe

Old Chinese: *s-rəʔ

Middle Chinese: sriX

使
1014
sứ、sử
cause, send on a mission, order
大使
使命
使用
假使
đại sứ
sứ mệnh
sử dụng
giả sử
ambassador, embassy
task, mission
to use, employ
to suppose, supposing
史
1015
sử
history, chronicle, annals
史家
國史
sử gia
quốc sử
historian
national history, history of a nation

吏
1016
lại
government official, magistrate
吏部
官吏
lại bộ
quan lại
ministry of the interior
officials, authorities

事
1017
sự
affair, matter, business
事件
軍事
sự kiện
quân sự
fact, event
military (affairs)

里

li (measure of distance); village

Old Chinese: *(mə.)rəʔ

Middle Chinese: liX

理
1018
lí、lý
reason, logic
法理
再處理
管理
理由
pháp lí
tái xử lí
quản lý
lý do
law principle, principle of law
to reprocess
manager, manage, administer
cause, reason, argument; why?
里
1019
lý
unit of distance
海里
英里
hải lý
anh lý
nautical mile
English mile

狸
1020
ly
fox
海狸
狐狸
hải ly
hồ ly
beaver
fox

埋
1021
mai
bury, secrete, conceal
埋葬
埋伏
mai táng
mai phục
burial; to bury, inter, entomb
to (lie in) ambush

周

1: Zhōu (dynasty and place)

Old Chinese: *tiw

Middle Chinese: tsyuw

2: cycle; all around

Old Chinese: *tiw

Middle Chinese: tsyuw

週
1022
chu
week
週期
週年
chu kỳ
chu niên
cycle, period
anniversary, jubilee
周
1023
chu
Zhou dynasty
周到
chu đáo
thorough, circumspect

凋
1024
điêu
be withered, fallen
凋零
điêu linh
falling into decay, going to rack and ruin

調
1025
điều、điệu
transfer, move, change
調查
調整
同調
論調
điều tra
điều chỉnh
đồng điệu
luận điệu
to investigate; investigation
adjustment, regulation; to adjust, set
in the same situation
argument

吉

auspicious

Old Chinese: *C.qi[t] (*C.q- > *k-, escaping palatalization)

Middle Chinese: kjit

吉
1026
cát
lucky, propitious, good
大吉
英吉利
đại cát
anh cát lợi
great luck, good fortune
England
桔
1027
cát
Chinese bellflower
桔梗
cát cánh
platycodon

詰
1028
cật
question, interrogate
詰問
cật vấn
to interrogate, grill (with questions), cross-examine

結
1029
kế、kết
knot, tie
結算
結束
結合
kế toán
kết thúc
kết hợp
accountancy, accounting, accountant
to conclude, end, finish
to unite, combine, join; uniting, union

庶

numerous; commoner

Old Chinese: *s-tak-s

Middle Chinese: syoH

度
1030
độ
degree, system
速度
印度
tốc độ
ấn độ
rate, speed, velocity
Indian, Hindi, India, Indo-
渡
1031
đò、độ
cross, ferry over
渡江
引渡
đò giang
dẫn độ
river and ferry, boat and sampans
to extradite

庶
1032
thứ
numerous, various
庶民
黎庶
thứ dân
lê thứ
commoner, the common people
common people, the masses

席
1033
tịch
seat
副主席
主席團
phó chủ tịch
chủ tịch đoàn
vice-chairman, vice-president
presidium

丙

3d heavenly stem

Old Chinese: *praŋʔ

Middle Chinese: pjaengX

更
1034
canh、cánh
more, still further, much more
更新
更生
自力更生
canh tân
cánh sinh
tự lực cánh sinh
to reform, innovate, improve, modernize, renovate; reform, modernization
to come to life again, restore to life
to stand on one’s own feet
梗
1035
cánh
stem of flower, branch of plant
桔梗
cát cánh
platycodon

柄
1036
bính
handle, lever, knob
權柄
quyền bính
power, authority, influence

病
1037
bệnh
illness, sickness, disease
病理
染病
bệnh lý
nhiễm bệnh
pathology
to contract, catch a disease

司

superintend

Old Chinese: *s-lə

Middle Chinese: si

詞
1038
từ
words
動詞
助詞
động từ
trợ từ
verb
(linguistics) particle
祠
1039
từ
ancestral temple
生祠
sinh từ
living mandarin’s temple

司
1040
ti、ty、tư
take charge of, control, manage
陰司
土司
大公司
公司
司法
司令
âm ti
thổ ti
đại công ty
công ty
tư pháp
tư lệnh
hell
head of the territory
large company, corporation
company, firm
justice, judicial
to command; commander

嗣
1041
tự
to connect, inherit
繼嗣
kế tự
heir

唯

only

Old Chinese: *ɢʷij (< *ɢʷuj?)

Middle Chinese: ywij

維
1042
duy
maintain, preserve, safeguard
維持
思維
duy trì
tư duy
to maintain, keep (open), preserve
thought, thinking
唯
1043
duy
only
唯心論
唯物論
duy tâm luận
duy vật luận
idealism
materialism

淮
1044
hoài
river in Anhui province
淮山
hoài sơn
oppositifolius yam

匯
1045
hối、hội、vựng
a concourse
外匯
匯率
匯演
匯聚
匯集
ngoại hối
hối suất
hội diễn
hội tụ
vựng tập
foreign exchange
rate of exchange, exchange rate
round of performances
to converge
collected texts, collected works, collection, corpus

川

stream, river

Old Chinese: *t.l̥u[n] (MC -jwen is irregular)

Middle Chinese: tsyhwen

巡
1046
tuần
patrol, go on circuit, cruise
巡查
巡行
tuần tra
tuần hành
to go on a patrol
to circulate, revolve, march, parade, go on patrol; march, parade
馴
1047
thuần、tuấn、tuần
tame, docile, obedient
馴化
馴馬
馴鹿
thuần hóa
tuấn mã
tuần lộc
to domesticate, tame
swift horse, excellent horse, noble horse
reindeer

訓
1048
huấn
teach, instruct
訓練
家訓
huấn luyện
gia huấn
to train, instruct; training
family education

順
1049
thuận
obey, submit to, go along with
不順
歸順
bất thuận
quy thuận
unfavorable
to submit, surrender