Potpourri Groups

There are no shared pronunciations in these groups. However, the pronunciations are still related, since they have a common ancestor in ancient Chinese.

女

1: female

Old Chinese: *nraʔ

Middle Chinese: nrjoX

2: give as a wife

Old Chinese: *nraʔ-s

Middle Chinese: nrjoH

如
1100
như
if, supposing
如意
如常
như ý
như thường
one’s liking
as usual

拿
1101
nã
take, hold, grasp
加拿大
gia nã đại
Canada

奴
1102
nô
slave, servant
奴隸
家奴
nô lệ
gia nô
slave, slavery
servant

弩
1103
nỏ
cross-bow, bow
弓弩
cung nỏ
bow and crossbow

努
1104
nỗ
to exert, strive, make an effort
努力
nỗ lực
to try, endeavor, strive, attempt; effort, struggle, attempt

怒
1105
nộ
anger, rage, passion
怒氣
憤怒
nộ khí
phẫn nộ
fit of anger
angry, upset, indignant

女
1106
nữ
woman, girl
婦女
女生
phụ nữ
nữ sinh
woman
schoolgirl, female student

恕
1107
thứ
forgive, excuse, show mercy
容恕
寬恕
dung thứ
khoan thứ
to excuse, pardon
to forgive, tolerate

寺

hall

Old Chinese: *s-[d]əʔ-s

Middle Chinese: ziH

詩
1108
thi
poetry
詩歌
詩文
thi ca
thi văn
poems and songs, poetry
poetry and prose

時
1109
thì、thời
time, season
一時
過時
時間
時點
nhất thì
qua thì
thời gian
thời điểm
temporary, sudden, abrupt
be past the time
(period of) time
moment, (point in) time

侍
1110
thị
serve, attend upon
侍衛
侍郎
thị vệ
thị lang
imperial guard
honorary minister

持
1111
trì
sustain, support
主持
保持
chủ trì
bảo trì
to manage, direct, sponsor, be responsible for; management, direction, supervision
maintenance; to maintain, service

痔
1112
trĩ
hemorrhoids, piles
痔瘡
trĩ sang
hemorrhoid

待
1113
đãi
treat, entertain, receive
待遇
虐待
đãi ngộ
ngược đãi
to behave, treat
to persecute, mistreat, maltreat, abuse; mistreatment, maltreatment

等
1114
đẳng
rank, grade
高等
平等
cao đẳng
bình đẳng
high level
equal; equality

特
1115
đặc
special, unique, distinguished
特別
特徵
đặc biệt
đặc trưng
characteristic, typical, special, unusual; especially
specialty, specific trait; specific

艮

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: kɯːns

根
1116
căn
root, base(d on)
根據
根本
căn cứ
căn bản
according to; need, require; basis, base, based; to depend, be based
basis, base, root, background, groundwork, principle, foundation; basic, fundamental

艱
1117
gian
difficult, hard
艱苦
艱難
gian khổ
gian nan
arduous, hardship
difficult, hard, laborious, hard

限
1118
hạn
boundary, limit, line
時限
期限
thời hạn
kỳ hạn
period of time, term, expiration date
date, term, deadline, schedule

恨
1119
hận
hatred, dislike
悔恨
怨恨
hối hận
oán hận
to regret, repent
to resent very deeply

懇
1120
khẩn
sincere, earnest, cordial
誠懇
懇求
thành khẩn
khẩn cầu
sincere, in good faith
entreat

銀
1121
ngân
silver (element 47, Ag)
金銀
銀河
kim ngân
ngân hà
gold and silver
the milky way, the galaxy

眼
1122
nhãn
eye
眼球
眼科
nhãn cầu
nhãn khoa
eyeball
ophthalmology

丰

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: pʰoŋ

邦
1123
bang
nation, country, state
聯邦
邦交
liên bang
bang giao
union, federation; federal
international relations

蓬
1124
bồng
type of raspberry
蓬萊
bồng lai
fairyland, fantasy world

俸
1125
bổng
wages, salary, official emolument
年俸
月俸
niên bổng
nguyệt bổng
salary, pay, wages
monthly wages, salary

蜂
1126
ong
bee, wasp, hornet
蜜蜂
蜂蜜
mật ong
ong mật
honey
honey-bee

鋒
1127
phong
point of spear, sharp point
中鋒
先鋒
trung phong
tiên phong
center-forward, forward, striker
vanguard, shock troops, pioneer; to pioneer

逢
1128
phùng
come upon, happen meet
重逢
trùng phùng
meet again

奉
1129
phụng
offer
奉養
奉旨
phụng dưỡng
phụng chỉ
to support, maintain (one’s parents)
to obey the imperial decree

重

1: repeat; double

Old Chinese: *[m]-troŋ

Middle Chinese: drjowng

2: heavy

Old Chinese: *N-toŋʔ

Middle Chinese: drjowngX

3: weight (n.)

Old Chinese: *N-toŋʔ-s

Middle Chinese: drjowngH

鍾
1130
chung
cup, glass, goblet
鍾情
chung tình
steadfast, loyal, faithful (love, sex)

種
1131
chủng
seed
變種
種類
biến chủng
chủng loại
mutation
genera and species, sort, kind

腫
1132
thũng
swell
浮腫
phù thũng
edema

重
1133
trùng、trọng
heavy, weighty
重合
重修
嚴重
重點
trùng hợp
trùng tu
nghiêm trọng
trọng điểm
to coincide
to reconstruct, rebuild, renovate, restore
serious, grave, critical
main point

衝
1134
xung
rush against, charge ahead
衝要
衝力
xung yếu
xung lực
important
force, impulse, striking power

童
1135
đồng
child, boy, servant boy
神童
童子
thần đồng
đồng tử
infant prodigy
(1) pupil (of the eye); (2) young boy

動
1136
động
move, happen
動產
勞動
động sản
lao động
personal property, movables, real property
labor, work; to work, toil

元

head; first

Old Chinese: *[ŋ]o[r] (< nasal + uvular)

Middle Chinese: ngjwon

完
1137
hoàn
complete, finish, settle
完全
完畢
hoàn toàn
hoàn tất
perfect, clean, entirely, flawless, entire, complete; completely, totally
to finish, complete, be completed; finished, complete

頑
1138
ngoan
obstinate, stubborn
頑固
ngoan cố
stubborn, obstinate, contumacious

玩
1139
ngoạn
play with, joke, enjoy
遊玩
du ngoạn
to go sightseeing

元
1140
nguyên
first
中元
公元
trung nguyên
công nguyên
Vietnamese all souls’ day
Christian era, A.D.

冠
1141
quán
cap, crown, headgear
冠軍
冠詞
quán quân
quán từ
champion
article

院
1142
viện
courtyard, yard, court
病院
入院
bệnh viện
nhập viện
hospital, infirmary, clinic
to be admitted to hospital, be hospitalized

兑

1: passage; opening

Old Chinese: *lˤot-s

Middle Chinese: dwajH

2: glad

Old Chinese: *lˤot-s

Middle Chinese: dwajH

閱
1143
duyệt
examine, inspect, review, read
閱兵
duyệt binh
to review troops

銳
1144
nhuệ
sharp, keen, acute, pointed
精銳
敏銳
tinh nhuệ
mẫn nhuệ
well-trained, elite (troops)
keen

脫
1145
thoát
take off, peel off, strip
脫身
超脫
thoát thân
siêu thoát
to escape from danger
to be liberated from worldly ties, be free of worldly attachments

說
1146
thuyết
speak, say, talk
假說
傳說
giả thuyết
truyền thuyết
theory, hypothesis, assumption
oral tradition, history, legend

稅
1147
thuế
taxes, revenue, duty
減稅
收稅
giảm thuế
thu thuế
to lower, reduce, cut taxes
to collect taxes

兌
1148
đoái
cash
兌換
đoái hoán
to exchange

由

follow; from

Old Chinese: *l[u]

Middle Chinese: yuw

由
1149
do
cause, reason
根由
緣由
căn do
duyên do
root cause
cause

油
1150
du、dầu
oil, fat, grease, lard
甘油
精油
油氣
cam du
tinh dầu
dầu khí
glycerin
essential oil
natural gas, petroleum

宙
1151
trụ
time as concept
宇宙學
宇宙觀
vũ trụ học
vũ trụ quan
cosmology
world view

軸
1152
trục
axle, axletree
同軸
地軸
đồng trục
địa trục
coaxial
axis of the earth

抽
1153
trừu
draw out, pull out
抽象
trừu tượng
abstract

袖
1154
tụ
sleeve
領袖
lãnh tụ
leader, father-figure

僉

all; many

Old Chinese: *s.qʰ[a]m (dialect: *s.qʰ > MC tsh-)

Middle Chinese: tshjem

險
1155
hiểm
narrow pass, strategic point, dangerous
保險
冒險
bảo hiểm
mạo hiểm
to assure, guarantee, insure; insurance
to be adventurous, venture, risk, brave danger

劍
1156
kiếm
sword, dagger, saber
寶劍
劍術
bảo kiếm
kiếm thuật
precious sword
swordsmanship, fencing

檢
1157
kiểm
check
檢證
檢疫
kiểm chứng
kiểm dịch
to verify, confirm; verification
put in to quarantine

儉
1158
kiệm
temperate, frugal, economical
儉約
節儉
kiệm ước
tiết kiệm
sensibly thrifty
to save, be thrifty, economize; economical

驗
1159
nghiệm
test, examine, inspect
經驗
試驗
kinh nghiệm
thí nghiệm
experience; to have experience
experiment

多

many

Old Chinese: *[t.l]ˤaj

Middle Chinese: ta

移
1160
di
change place, shift
移轉
移動
di chuyển
di động
to move, transfer, displace, commute
to move; mobile, portable, roaming

宜
1161
nghi
suitable, right, fitting, proper
適宜
thích nghi
to adjust oneself, adapt to; appropriate, fitting, suitable

誼
1162
nghị
friendship
友誼
hữu nghị
friendship

侈
1163
xỉ
luxurious, extravagant
奢侈品
奢侈
xa xỉ phẩm
xa xỉ
luxury item or article, luxury goods
to waste, squander; luxurious, luxury

多
1164
đa
much, many
最多
多數
tối đa
đa số
maximum, very
majority

弋

shoot arrow with string attached

Old Chinese: *lək

Middle Chinese: yik

試
1165
thí
test, try, experiment
考試
口試
khảo thí
khẩu thí
give an take examinations
oral examination

貸
1166
thải
lend
乞貸
khất thải
to request a loan

式
1167
thức
style, system, formula, rule
公式
儀式
công thức
nghi thức
formula
department, protocol, ceremony, rights, form, formality

戴
1168
đái
wear on top
不共戴天
愛戴
bất cộng đái thiên
ái đái
deadly or mortal enemies; complementary distribution
to love and respect

代
1169
đại
replace, replacement (of person or generation)
現代
代理
hiện đại
đại lý
modern, present time, modern times, contemporary
agent, representative, agency, dealer

戔

kill; cruel

Old Chinese: *[dz]ˤa[n]

Middle Chinese: dzan

棧
1170
sạn
warehouse
客棧
khách sạn
hotel

淺
1171
thiển
shallow, not deep
淺學
淺見
thiển học
thiển kiến
modest amount of knowledge
shallow opinion

錢
1172
tiền
money, currency, coins
錢幣
錢財
tiền tệ
tiền tài
money, (legal) currency, (legal) tender
money, mammon, wealth, fortune

賤
1173
tiện
mean, low
賤內
貧賤
tiện nội
bần tiện
my wife
poor, poverty-stricken

殘
1174
tàn
injure, spoil
殘殺
殘餘
tàn sát
tàn dư
to massacre, murder, slaughter
vestige

眞

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: ʔljin

Middle Chinese: tjin

真
1175
chân
real, actual, true, genuine
真誠
真正
chân thành
chân chính
loyal, sincere
true, genuine, authentic

慎
1176
thận
act with care, be cautious
慎重
謹慎
thận trọng
cẩn thận
cautious, prudent, careful
attentive, watchful, careful, prudent, cautious

鎮
1177
trấn
town, market place
市鎮
鎮壓
thị trấn
trấn áp
town, community
to repress, put down, quell, suppress

癲
1178
điên
crazy, mad
發癲
phát điên
go crazy, go mad

填
1179
điền
fill in, fill up
填地
điền địa
land, field

取

1: take

Old Chinese: *tsʰˤoʔ

Middle Chinese: tshuwX

2: take

Old Chinese: *tsʰoʔ

Middle Chinese: tshjuX

3: take (a wife)

Old Chinese: *[ts]ʰoʔ-s

Middle Chinese: tshjuH

趣
1180
thú
what attracts one's attention
趣味
雅趣
thú vị
nhã thú
pleasant, agreeable, interesting, enjoyable
refined pleasure, refined and pleasant

取
1181
thủ
take, receive, obtain
爭取
取得
tranh thủ
thủ đắc
to fight for; to make use of
to acquire, get, obtain

叢
1182
tùng
bush, shrub
叢林
叢書
tùng lâm
tùng thư
pagoda, temple, pine forest
collection, series (of books)

最
1183
tối
most, extremely, exceedingly
最優
最高
tối ưu
tối cao
best, best-case, optimal
supreme, ultimate, highest

聚
1184
tụ
assemble, meet together, collect
匯聚
積聚
hội tụ
tích tụ
to converge
to assemble, agglomerate, mass together, pile up

尗

pulse, beans

Old Chinese: *s.tuk

Middle Chinese: syuwk

戚
1185
thích
relative
親戚
thân thích
relatives, family, relations

淑
1186
thục
good, pure, virtuous, charming
淑女
thục nữ
virtuous woman

椒
1187
tiêu
pepper, spices
胡椒
hồ tiêu
pepper

寂
1188
tịch
still, silent, quiet
幽寂
寂滅
u tịch
tịch diệt
remote, lonely, secluded, quiet
(Buddhism) die away in stillness

督
1189
đốc
supervise, oversee, direct
督工
都督
đốc công
đô đốc
foreman
commander-in-chief, (vice) admiral

單

1: 單于 chányú: Xiōngnú ruler (W. Hàn)

Old Chinese: *dar (< *[d]ar)

Middle Chinese: dzyen

2: single, simple

Old Chinese: *Cə.tˤar

Middle Chinese: tan

戰
1190
chiến
war, fighting, battle
戰勝
戰略
chiến thắng
chiến lược
to win victory over, triumph over; victory
strategy, strategic

禪
1191
thiền
meditation, contemplation (dhyana)
禪師
參禪
thiền sư
tham thiền
monk
to enter into meditation

嬋
1192
thuyền
beautiful, lovely, pretty, graceful
嬋娟
thuyền quyên
young and beautiful girl

彈
1193
đàn、đạn
pellet, bullet, shot, shell
彈壓
彈劾
彈道
彈藥
đàn áp
đàn hặc
đạn đạo
đạn dược
to oppress, repress, quell, suppress; repression
to impute (to), lay to the charge (of), impeach
flight, trajectory
ammunition

單
1194
đơn
single, individual, only
單位
單純
đơn vị
đơn thuần
unit, district (political)
pure

黄

黃
1195
hoàng
yellow
黃鶯
黃連
hoàng oanh
hoàng liên
oriole
goldthread

橫
1196
hoành、hoạnh
across, horizontal, lateral
橫膈
橫膈膜
橫財
hoành cách
hoành cách mô
hoạnh tài
diaphragm
diaphragm
ill-gotten gains

礦
1197
khoáng
mine
礦產
開礦
khoáng sản
khai khoáng
minerals
mine ores

擴
1198
khuếch
expand, enlarge, stretch
擴散
擴大
khuếch tán
khuếch đại
to diffuse
to amplify, expand, magnify

廣
1199
quảng
broad, wide, extensive
廣播
廣場
quảng bá
quảng trường
to spread out, broadcast, campaign (for)
square

凡

in every case

Old Chinese: *[b]rom

Middle Chinese: bjom

風
1200
phong
wind
風水
風俗
phong thủy
phong tục
geomancy
custom(s), manners, practice

凡
1201
phàm
all, any, every
凡塵
凡夫
phàm trần
phàm phu
the human world
vulgar person, ordinary man

諷
1202
phúng
recite, incant
諷喻
phúng dụ
allegory

鳳
1203
phượng、phụng
male phoenix
鳳凰
鸞鳳
龍鳳
phượng hoàng
loan phượng
long phụng
male phoenix and female phoenix-phoenix
the married couple, the husband and wife
dragon and phoenix

梵
1204
phạn
Buddhist, Sanskrit
梵語
phạn ngữ
Sanskrit, Pali

丁

1: 4th heavenly stem

Old Chinese: *tˤeŋ

Middle Chinese: teng

2: nail (n.)

Old Chinese: *tˤeŋ

Middle Chinese: teng

3: sound of beating

Old Chinese: *tˤreŋ

Middle Chinese: treang

打
1205
tranh、đả
strike, hit, beat
打鬥
打擊
打動
tranh đấu
đả kích
đả động
to fight, struggle
to attack, criticize
to touch on, mention, dwell

丁
1206
đinh
male adult
白丁
壯丁
bạch đinh
tráng đinh
commoner, common person, plebian, nobody
able-bodied man (liable to be drafted)

停
1207
đình
stop, suspend, delay
停止
停滯
đình chỉ
đình trệ
to stop, cease, suspend
to put off, slow down, stagnate, reach a deadlock

訂
1208
đính
draw up agreement
訂正
訂婚
đính chính
đính hôn
to correct, correction
to get engaged

頂
1209
đỉnh
top, peak
頂頭
天頂
đỉnh đầu
thiên đỉnh
crown, top of the head
zenith

桰

活
1210
hoạt
live, exist, survive
活動
靈活
hoạt động
linh hoạt
action, activity; to operate, be active
flexible

括
1211
quát
include, embrace, enclose
包括
概括
bao quát
khái quát
to contain, include, embrace
to generalize, generalization

舌
1212
thiệt
tongue
舌尖音
thiệt tiêm âm
apical

話
1213
thoại
speech, talk, language
對話
神話
đối thoại
thần thoại
conversation, dialog
mythology

出

1: go or come out

Old Chinese: *t-kʰut

Middle Chinese: tsyhwit

2: bring or take out

Old Chinese: *t-kʰut-s

Middle Chinese: tsyhwijH

屈
1214
khuất
bend, flex
屈服
不屈
khuất phục
bất khuất
to comply, yield, submit oneself to
undaunted, unyielding, indomitable

掘
1215
quật
dig, excavate
開掘
khai quật
excavation; to exhume, excavate

黜
1216
truất
dismiss
廢黜
phế truất
to depose

出
1217
xuất
go out, send out
出現
出口
xuất hiện
xuất khẩu
to appear, become visible; appearance
to export

無

1: not have

Old Chinese: *ma

Middle Chinese: mju

2: volitional prefix

Old Chinese: *ma

Middle Chinese: mju

3: don’t

Old Chinese: *mo

Middle Chinese: mju

撫
1218
phủ
pat, console, comfort
督撫
đốc phủ
governor

蕪
1219
vu
luxurious growth of weeds
荒蕪
hoang vu
wild, desert, desolate

無
1220
vô
negative, no, not
無敵
無數
vô địch
vô số
champion, unequalled
innumerable, countless

舞
1221
vũ
dance, posture, prance
鼓舞
舞場
cổ vũ
vũ trường
to cheer, encourage
dance hall

雚

heron

Old Chinese: *C.qʷˤar-s

Middle Chinese: kwanH

歡
1222
hoan
happy, pleased, glad
歡迎
歡呼
hoan nghênh
hoan hô
to welcome
to applaud, cheer, acclaim

勸
1223
khuyến
recommend, advise, urge
勸農
khuyến nông
encourage agriculture

觀
1224
quan
see, observe, view
觀點
參觀
quan điểm
tham quan
standpoint, viewpoint, position, point of view, position
to observe and visit, sightsee

權
1225
quyền
power, right, authority
政權
權力
chính quyền
quyền lực
government, administration, political power, regime, administration
power, influence

勺

1: ladle (n.)

Old Chinese: *m-tewk

Middle Chinese: dzyak

2: ladle (v.)

Old Chinese: *tewk

Middle Chinese: tsyak

豹
1226
báo
leopard, panther
海豹
hải báo
(1) seal, walrus; (2) semaphore

酌
1227
chước
serve wine
酌量
chước lượng
weigh, weigh the pros and cons

的
1228
đích
possessive, adjectival suffix
準的
目的
chuẩn đích
mục đích
goal, norm
aim, objective, goal, purpose, target, mark

約
1229
ước
treaty, agreement, covenant
協約
合約
hiệp ước
hiệp ước
agreement, pact, compact, treaty
agreement, pact, compact, treaty

卯

4th earthly branch

Old Chinese: *mˤruʔ

Middle Chinese: maewX

柳
1230
liễu
willow tree
楊柳
dương liễu
willow

留
1231
lưu
stop, halt
留意
留念
lưu ý
lưu niệm
to pay attention, note
keep for the sake of (the giver)

榴
1232
lựu
pomegranate
榴彈
lựu đạn
grenade

貿
1233
mậu
trade, barter
自由貿易
貿易
tự do mậu dịch
mậu dịch
free trade
to trade, deal; trade, commerce

臣

slave, subject

Old Chinese: *[g]i[ŋ]

Middle Chinese: dzyin

賢
1234
hiền
virtuous, worthy, good
賢才
先賢
hiền tài
tiên hiền
talented and righteous
ancient sage

緊
1235
khẩn
tense, tight, taut
緊張
緊急
khẩn trương
khẩn cấp
tense
urgent, pressing

堅
1236
kiên
hard, strong, firm
堅決
堅定
kiên quyết
kiên định
determined, resolute
firm, consistent

臣
1237
thần
minister, statesman, official
功臣
奸臣
công thần
gian thần
meritorious official, a person who has rendered
dishonest mandarin, dishonest courtier

疑

doubt

Old Chinese: *[ŋ](r)ə (< uvular)

Middle Chinese: ngi

疑
1238
nghi
doubt, question, suspect
疑犯
疑問
nghi phạm
nghi vấn
suspect (in a crime)
question, interrogate

凝
1239
ngưng
coagulate
凝滯
凝聚
ngưng trệ
ngưng tụ
to come to a standstill, stagnate
condense

礙
1240
ngại
obstruct, hinder, block, deter
阻礙
障礙
trở ngại
chướng ngại
hindrance, obstacle, obstruction; to hinder, obstruct
object, obstacle, obstruction

癡
1241
si
silly, foolish, idiotic
情癡
tình si
blind love

兼

combine; at the same time

Old Chinese: *[k]ˤem

Middle Chinese: kem

嫌
1242
hiềm
hate, detest
避嫌
tị hiềm
to avoid suspicion

謙
1243
khiêm
humble, modest
謙遜
謙讓
khiêm tốn
khiêm nhường
modest
humble, modest

兼
1244
kiêm
unite, combine
兼任
兼併
kiêm nhiệm
kiêm tính
be concurrently having many qualities, a high degree
accaparate, usurp, annex

廉
1245
liêm
upright, honorable, honest
廉政
廉正
liêm chính
liêm chính
honest (official)
honest (official)

曷

what

Old Chinese: *[g]ˤat

Middle Chinese: hat

葛
1246
cát
edible bean
葛根
cát căn
kudzu

渴
1247
khát
thirsty, parched
渴望
解渴
khát vọng
giải khát
to thirst, yearn for, long for, desire
to have a drink, quench thirst

竭
1248
kiệt
put forth great effort
磬竭
khánh kiệt
all spent, exhausted, used up

謁
1249
yết
visit, pay respects to
拜謁
bái yết
respect-paying audience

鄉

1: village; district

Old Chinese: *qʰaŋ

Middle Chinese: xjang

2: feast

Old Chinese: *qʰaŋʔ

Middle Chinese: xjangX

3: to face

Old Chinese: *qʰaŋ-s

Middle Chinese: xjangH

鄉
1250
hương
country
他鄉
故鄉
tha hương
cố hương
foreign country, foreign land
hometown, native village

嚮
1251
hướng
guide, direct
嚮導
hướng đạo
guide, show the way

響
1252
hưởng
make sound, make noise
響應
交響
hưởng ứng
giao hưởng
to echo, respond, answer, support; response
symphony

卿
1253
khanh
noble, high officer
公卿
國務卿
công khanh
quốc vụ khanh
dukes and nobles, high officials
secretary of state, minister without portfolio

禺

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: ŋo

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: ŋos

愚
1254
ngu
stupid, doltish, foolish
愚騃
愚蠢
ngu ngốc
ngu xuẩn
dull, dull-headed, stupid, foolish
stupid, dumb, slow-witted, foolish

偶
1255
ngẫu
accidentally, coincidently
偶然
配偶
ngẫu nhiên
phối ngẫu
by accident, by chance, accidental
spouse

遇
1256
ngộ
meet, come across, encounter
遭遇
奇遇
tao ngộ
kỳ ngộ
to meet, encounter (by chance)
chance meeting; to meet in an unusual way

寓
1257
ngụ
residence
寓居
寓言
ngụ cư
ngụ ngôn
reside (in a strange place)
fable

奔

run (v.)

Old Chinese: *pˤur

Middle Chinese: pwon

奔
1258
bôn
run fast, flee
奔逃
奔走
bôn đào
bôn tẩu
to flee
to run after, flee, escape; to travel the length and width of (on business)

噴
1259
phún
spurt, blow out, puff out
噴射機
phún xạ cơ
jet plane, jet aircraft

墳
1260
phần
grave, mound
墳墓
phần mộ
tomb, grave

憤
1261
phẫn
resent, hate
憤怒
激憤
phẫn nộ
kích phẫn
angry, upset, indignant
to become angry

氏

clan

Old Chinese: *k.deʔ

Middle Chinese: dzyeX

祇
1262
chi
the spirit of the earth
地祇
địa chi
earthly branch

紙
1263
chỉ
paper
紙幣
chỉ tệ
paper currency, paper money

芪
1264
kỳ
celery
黃芪
hoàng kỳ
astragalus

氏
1265
thị
clan, family
氏族
thị tộc
clan

也

(final particle)

Old Chinese: *lAjʔ

Middle Chinese: yaeX

他
1266
tha
other, another
他鄉
tha hương
foreign country, foreign land

施
1267
thi、thí
grant, bestow
施恩
施主
thi ân
thí chủ
to bestow a favor
donor, giver

池
1268
trì
pool, pond
電池
điện trì
battery

地
1269
địa
earth
地方
地方
địa phương
địa phương
local, region, district, area
local, region, district, area

專

exclusively

Old Chinese: *ton

Middle Chinese: tsywen

專
1270
chuyên
monopolize, take sole possession
專門
專業
chuyên môn
chuyên nghiệp
professional knowledge, profession skill, specialty; to specialize
profession, trade, vocation, specialty; professional

轉
1271
chuyển
shift, move, turn
轉讓
運轉
chuyển nhượng
vận chuyển
to transfer
to move around transport, revolve; revolution, motion, transportation

傳
1272
truyền、truyện
summon
宣傳
傳達
自傳
經傳
tuyên truyền
truyền đạt
tự truyện
kinh truyện
to promulgate, propagate, propagandize; propaganda
to communicate, pass on, inform, warn, impart
autobiography
ancient Chinese classic works

團
1273
đoàn
sphere, ball, circle
集團
團結
tập đoàn
đoàn kết
collective, community, public, corporation, company, group, clique
to unite, combine, join; unification, union, joining, solidarity, unity

熒

dazzle

Old Chinese: *[N]-qʷˤeŋ

Middle Chinese: hweng

營
1274
dinh、doanh
encampment, barracks
營養
營收
聯營
dinh dưỡng
doanh thu
liên doanh
nutrition; nutritious
income, revenue, receipts
group of companies, collective, joint-venture

螢
1275
huỳnh
glowworm, luminous insect
螢石
huỳnh thạch
fluorite

鶯
1276
oanh
oriole, green finch
黃鶯
hoàng oanh
oriole

榮
1277
vinh
glory, honor
榮譽
光榮
vinh dự
quang vinh
honor; to honor
glorious

己

1: 6th heavenly stem

Old Chinese: *k(r)əʔ

Middle Chinese: kiX

2: self

Old Chinese: *k(r)əʔ

Middle Chinese: kiX

改
1278
cải
change, alter
改善
改革
cải thiện
cải cách
to improve, reform, raise the standard of
to reform, renovate; reform

記
1279
kí、ký
record
記法
登記
書記
kí pháp
đăng ký
thư ký
notation
to register
secretary, clerk, teller

忌
1280
kỵ
jealous, envious
疑忌
忌日
nghi kỵ
kỵ nhật
to distrust, suspect; distrust, suspicion; suspicious
death anniversary

紀
1281
kỷ
record, annal, historical account
紀元
破紀錄
kỷ nguyên
phá kỷ lục
era, age, period, epoch
to break a record

小

small

Old Chinese: *[s]ewʔ

Middle Chinese: sjewX

妙
1282
diệu
mysterious, subtle
玄妙
妙手
huyền diệu
diệu thủ
marvelous, mysterious
expert hand

抄
1283
sao
copy, confiscate, seize
抄本
抄錄
sao bản
sao lục
to copy, duplicate
copy from the original

少
1284
thiếu、thiểu
few, less, inadequate
少年
少將
最少
少數
thiếu niên
thiếu tướng
tối thiểu
thiểu số
teenager, young man
major general
minimum; at least
minority

小
1285
tiểu
small, tiny, insignificant
小學
小說
tiểu học
tiểu thuyết
elementary (education), primary (education)
novel, fiction

九

nine

Old Chinese: *[k]uʔ

Middle Chinese: kjuwX

究
1286
cứu
examine, investigate
查究
追究
tra cứu
truy cứu
to consult, seek, investigate, look up
to investigate, search for

仇
1287
cừu、thù
enemy, hate, hatred, enmity
仇敵
仇家
報仇
仇恨
cừu địch
cừu gia
báo thù
thù hận
enemy, hostile, adversary
enemy
to avenge oneself, take revenge, take vengeance on
resentment, hatred, hate

九
1288
cửu
nine
九州
重九
cửu châu
trùng cửu
Kyushu (region of Japan)
double nine ( th day of th) lunar month)

軌
1289
quỹ
track, rut, path
軌道
軌跡
quỹ đạo
quỹ tích
orbit, trajectory
locus

襄

1: remove

Old Chinese: *s-naŋ

Middle Chinese: sjang

2: Xiāng (personal name)

Old Chinese: *s-naŋ

Middle Chinese: sjang

囊
1290
nang
bag, purse, sack
陰囊
錦囊
âm nang
cẩm nang
scrotum
bag, sack, pocket, wallet

攘
1291
nhương
seize, take by force
擾攘
nhiễu nhương
troubled; trouble

讓
1292
nhường、nhượng
allow, permit, yield, concede
謙讓
讓步
互讓
khiêm nhường
nhượng bộ
hỗ nhượng
humble, modest
to make a concession, compromise, yield, give in
mutual concessions

壤
1293
nhưỡng
soil, loam, earth
平壤
土壤
bình nhưỡng
thổ nhưỡng
Pyongyang
soil

比

1: compare

Old Chinese: *C.pijʔ

Middle Chinese: pjijX

2: combine; all

Old Chinese: *pij-s

Middle Chinese: pjijH

陛
1294
bệ
steps leading throne
陛下
bệ hạ
Sire, Your Majesty

比
1295
bỉ、tỉ、tỷ
to compare, liken
比利時
比例
比熱
比數
比重
bỉ lợi thì
tỉ lệ
tỉ nhiệt
tỷ số
tỷ trọng
Belgium, Belgian
ratio, proportion, percentage
specific heat
rate, ratio-score
density-proportion

批
1296
phê
comment, criticize
批評
批准
phê bình
phê chuẩn
to comment, criticize; criticism
to approve, ratify, accept, confirm

琵
1297
tỳ
guitar-like instrument
琵琶
tỳ bà
Chinese four-chord lute

彦

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: ŋrans

諺
1298
ngạn
proverb, maxim
諺語
古諺
ngạn ngữ
cổ ngạn
proverb, adage
old proverb

顏
1299
nhan
face, facial appearance
紅顏
hồng nhan
beautiful woman, beautiful girl

產
1300
sản
give birth, bring forth, produce
產出
產品
sản xuất
sản phẩm
to produce
product, produce, production, result, outcome

卵

1: egg

Old Chinese: *k.rˤorʔ (dialect: *-r > *-j)

Middle Chinese: lwaX

2: egg

Old Chinese: *k.rˤorʔ

Middle Chinese: lwanX

聯
1301
liên
connect, join
聯結
聯繫
liên kết
liên hệ
to unite, associate, link; unit
related; relationship to contact, relate to

卵
1302
noãn
egg
卵生
卵巢
noãn sinh
noãn sào
ovary, oviparous
ovary

關
1303
quan
frontier pass
機關
關係
cơ quan
quan hệ
organ, agency, organization, body, office
relation, connection; to be important, affect, concern, correlate

門

gate, door

Old Chinese: *mˤə[r]

Middle Chinese: mwon

門
1304
môn
gate, door, entrance, opening
守門
部門
thủ môn
bộ môn
goalie, goalkeeper
section, department, field, area of study, specialization

聞
1305
văn
hear
新聞
見聞
tân văn
kiến văn
review, newspaper
knowledge, learning

問
1306
vấn
ask (about), inquire after
問題
訪問
vấn đề
phỏng vấn
problem, issue, topic, matter, question
interview; to interview

果

fruit; result

Old Chinese: *[k]ˤo[r]ʔ

Middle Chinese: kwaX

課
1307
khóa
lesson
罷課
課本
bãi khóa
khóa bản
to strike (students)
textbook

裸
1308
lõa
bare, nude
裸體
lõa thể
naked body

果
1309
quả
fruit
結果
效果
kết quả
hiệu quả
result, outcome; as a result
effect, result; effective; efficient

乍

suddenly

Old Chinese: *[dz]ˤrak-s

Middle Chinese: dzraeH

詐
1310
trá
cheat, defraud, swindle
詐降
詐病
trá hàng
trá bệnh
to feign surrender
sham illness

作
1311
tác
make
合作
作品
hợp tác
tác phẩm
to cooperate, collaborate, work together; cooperation, collaboration
creative work, literary work, artistic work, handiwork

炸
1312
tạc
to fry in oil
轟炸
轟炸機
oanh tạc
oanh tạc cơ
to bomb (from the air); (aerial) bombing, bombardment
bomber (aircraft)

券
1313
khoán
certificate, ticket
證券
chứng khoán
securities, bonds, stocks, shares, certificates

眷
1314
quyến
take interest in, care for
親眷
thân quyến
affinity, relationship, relations, relatives

拳
1315
quyền
fist
拳術
quyền thuật
boxing

矛

a kind of lance

Old Chinese: *m(r)u

Middle Chinese: mjuw

矛
1316
mâu
spear, lance
矛盾
蛇矛
mâu thuẫn
xà mâu
to contradict, conflict; conflicting, contradictory, inconsistent; contraction, inconsistency, conflict, confrontation
lance, spear

柔
1317
nhu
soft
柔弱
柔道
nhu nhược
nhu đạo
feeble, faint, weak
judo

務
1318
vụ
affairs, business
任務
商務
nhiệm vụ
thương vụ
duty, mission, responsibility, task, function
commercial affair, trade affair

石

stone

Old Chinese: *dAk

Middle Chinese: dzyek

拓
1319
thác
expand
開拓
khai thác
to develop, exploit, use; exploitation, development

碩
1320
thạc
great, eminent
碩士
thạc sĩ
doctorate, PhD (degree)

石
1321
thạch
stone, rock, mineral
化石
玉石
hóa thạch
ngọc thạch
fossil
gem(stone), jade, precious stone

囱

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: shroːŋ

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: shloːŋ

窗
1322
song
window
同窗
đồng song
fellow-student, schoolfellow, classmate

聰
1323
thông
intelligent, clever, bright
聰明
thông minh
intelligent, clever, smart

總
1324
tổng
collect
總數
總合
tổng số
tổng hợp
total (value), entire
to collect, concentrate, unite, synthesize; general, universal; synthesis

申

9th earthly branch

Old Chinese: *l̥i[n]

Middle Chinese: syin

紳
1325
thân
girdle
鄉紳
hương thân
village notable

神
1326
thần
spirit, god, supernatural being
神經
心神
thần kinh
tâm thần
nerve(s)
soul, thought, mind; mental

電
1327
điện
electricity, electric
電子
電話
điện tử
điện thoại
computer; electronic, electronics; electron
telephone

告

1: announce, inform

Old Chinese: *kˤuk-s

Middle Chinese: kawH

2: announce, inform

Old Chinese: *kˤuk

Middle Chinese: kowk

告
1328
cáo
tell, announce, inform
被告
廣告
bị cáo
quảng cáo
the defendant, the accused
advertisement; to advertise, propagandize

酷
1329
khốc
strong, stimulating
酷烈
khốc liệt
violent, fierce

造
1330
tạo
construct, build, make, begin
創造
建造
sáng tạo
kiến tạo
to invent, create; creative, inventive
to build, erect, construct

扁

flat and thin

Old Chinese: *pˤe[r]ʔ

Middle Chinese: penX

編
1331
biên
knit, weave
編輯
編撰
biên tập
biên soạn
to edit, write
to compile, edit, write

遍
1332
biến
everywhere, all over, throughout
普遍
phổ biến
to distribute, diffuse, make public, announce, spread, disseminate; popular, widespread, universal

偏
1333
thiên
inclined one side
偏見
thiên kiến
prejudice, bias, partiality

半

half

Old Chinese: *pˤan-s

Middle Chinese: panH

半
1334
bán
half
半島
半球
bán đảo
bán cầu
peninsula
hemisphere

判
1335
phán
judge
談判
判決
đàm phán
phán quyết
to negotiate, talk, discuss; negotiation
decision, sentence; to decide

叛
1336
phản
rebel
叛逆
叛亂
phản nghịch
phản loạn
rebellion, revolt; rebellious
rebellious; rebel, rebellion, revolt

埶

1: circumstances; setting

Old Chinese: *ŋ̊et-s

Middle Chinese: syejH

2: to plant

Old Chinese: *ŋet-s (MC I!)

Middle Chinese: ngjiejH

藝
1337
nghệ
art
藝人
才藝
nghệ nhân
tài nghệ
artiste, craftsman
artistic talent, art, talent

熱
1338
nhiệt
hot
熱度
熱帶
nhiệt độ
nhiệt đới
temperature, degree of heat
tropic (torrid) zone

勢
1339
thế
power, force
優勢
姿勢
ưu thế
tư thế
advantage, upper hand, predominance, preponderance
posture, position

頃

interval, short while

Old Chinese: *[k]ʷʰeŋʔ

Middle Chinese: khjwiengX

穎
1340
dĩnh
rice tassel
穎悟
dĩnh ngộ
bright-looking, intelligent-looking

頃
1341
khoảnh
a moment
頃刻
khoảnh khắc
instant, moment, short space of time

傾
1342
khuynh
upset, pour out, overflow
傾向
傾倒
khuynh hướng
khuynh đảo
inclination, tendency
to overthrow, topple, subvert

敢

dare

Old Chinese: *[k]ˤamʔ

Middle Chinese: kamX

敢
1343
cảm
to dare, venture
果敢
勇敢
quả cảm
dũng cảm
daring, courageous, resolute, determined, audacious
brave, courageous, bold, fearless

嚴
1344
nghiêm
strict, rigorous, rigid
嚴肅
嚴明
nghiêm túc
nghiêm minh
serious, diligent, disciplined
strict and clear, no-nonsense

岩
1345
nham
cliff
熔岩
岩石
dung nham
nham thạch
lava
rock

肅

1: solemn, severe

Old Chinese: *siwk

Middle Chinese: sjuwk

2: contract (v.); shrivel

Old Chinese: *siwk

Middle Chinese: sjuwk

3: present (v.)

Old Chinese: *siwk

Middle Chinese: sjuwk

4: beat (v.)

Old Chinese: *siwk

Middle Chinese: sjuwk

5: eager; swift

Old Chinese: *siwk

Middle Chinese: sjuwk

蕭
1346
tiêu
common artemisia
蕭條
tiêu điều
desolate

繡
1347
tú
embroider
錦繡
cẩm tú
embroidered brocade, very beautiful landscape, very beautiful

肅
1348
túc
pay respects
嚴肅
nghiêm túc
serious, diligent, disciplined

執

seize

Old Chinese: *[t]ip

Middle Chinese: tsyip

摯
1349
chí
sincere, warm, cordial
摯誠
chí thành
sincere, frank, candid, open-hearted

執
1350
chấp
hold in hand
執行
爭執
chấp hành
tranh chấp
execute, carry out
conflict, dispute, controversy, difference

蟄
1351
trập
to hibernate
驚蟄
kinh trập
the waking of insects

貴

precious; expensive

Old Chinese: *kuj-s

Middle Chinese: kjw+jH

遺
1352
di
lose
遺跡
遺產
di tích
di sản
trace, vestige, remain
heritage, history, legacy

貴
1353
quý
expensive, costly, valuable
貴人
高貴
quý nhân
cao quý
person of rank, noble, noble-man
noble

櫃
1354
quỹ
cupboard, wardrobe, counter
出櫃
xuất quỹ
to pay out

于

1: go; at

Old Chinese: *ɢʷ(r)a

Middle Chinese: hju

2: 單于 chányú: Xiōngnú ruler (W. Hàn)

Old Chinese: *ɦʷa (< *ɢʷ(r)a)

Middle Chinese: hju

誇
1355
khoa
exaggerate
自誇
tự khoa
boast, vaunt, praise oneself

宇
1356
vũ
house
宇宙
寰宇
vũ trụ
hoàn vũ
universe, world
(the) universe

污
1357
ô
filthy, dirty, impure, polluted
污染
污穢
ô nhiễm
ô uế
pollution; to pollute
dirty, impure, filthy; filth

竟

end, in the end

Old Chinese: *[k]raŋʔ-s

Middle Chinese: kjaengH

竟
1358
cánh
finally, after all, at last
有志竟成
hữu chí cánh thành
where there’s a will, there’s a way

境
1359
cảnh
boundary, frontier
入境
情境
nhập cảnh
tình cảnh
to enter a country, cross the border of a country; entry, entrance, immigration
setting, situation, stage, scene (of a play)

鏡
1360
kính
mirror
稜鏡
透鏡
lăng kính
thấu kính
prism
lens

爰

there, then, thereupon

Old Chinese: *ɢʷa[n]

Middle Chinese: hjwon

緩
1361
hoãn
slow, leisurely
緩衝
hoãn xung
deaden a shock, act as a buffer

暖
1362
noãn
warm, genial
和暖
hòa noãn
warm, lukewarm

援
1363
viện
aid, assist
援助
援引
viện trợ
viện dẫn
to aide, help; aide, assistance, help
to quote, cite, allege, adduce

子

1: 1st earthly branch

Old Chinese: *[ts]əʔ

Middle Chinese: tsiX

2: child; gentleman, master

Old Chinese: *tsəʔ

Middle Chinese: tsiX

李
1364
lý
plum
行李
李小龍
hành lý
lý tiểu long
baggage, luggage
Bruce Lee

子
1365
tử
offspring, child
獅子
合子
sư tử
hợp tử
lion
zygote

字
1366
tự
letter, character, word
金字塔
古字
kim tự tháp
cổ tự
pyramid
ancient writing

金

metal, bronze

Old Chinese: *k(r)[ə]m

Middle Chinese: kim

錦
1367
cẩm
brocade, tapestry
錦繡
錦囊
cẩm tú
cẩm nang
embroidered brocade, very beautiful landscape, very beautiful
bag, sack, pocket, wallet

欽
1368
khâm
respect, admire
欽差
khâm sai
king’s special envoy

金
1369
kim
gold
金剛
黃金
kim cương
hoàng kim
diamond
gold

亢

lift high

Old Chinese: *k-ŋˤaŋ

Middle Chinese: kang

亢
1370
cương
high, proud
亢直
cương trực
upright

航
1371
hàng
sail
航海
航空母艦
hàng hải
hàng không mẫu hạm
to navigate; navigation
aircraft carrier

抗
1372
kháng
resist, oppose, defy, reject
抗拒
抗體
kháng cự
kháng thể
resist, offer resistance
antibody

害

1: be hurt (v.i.); injury (n.)

Old Chinese: *N-kˤat-s

Middle Chinese: hajH

2: hurt (v.t.)

Old Chinese: *m-kˤat-s

Middle Chinese: hajH

割
1373
cát
cut, divide, partition
割線
cát tuyến
secant

憲
1374
hiến
constitution, statute, law
憲法
立憲
hiến pháp
lập hiến
constitution
constitutional, constituent

害
1375
hại
injure, harm
毒害
損害
độc hại
tổn hại
harmful, noxious, poisonous
to harm, hurt, damage; hurt, damage; harmful

瓜

melon, gourd

Old Chinese: *kʷˤra

Middle Chinese: kwae

孤
1376
cô
orphan, fatherless
孤單
孤立
cô đơn
cô lập
alone, solitary, isolated, lonely, lonesome, solitary
isolated; isolation; to insulate, isolate

狐
1377
hồ
fox
狐狸
狐疑
hồ ly
hồ nghi
fox
to doubt, discredit

瓜
1378
qua
melon, gourd, cucumber
苦瓜
khổ qua
bitter melon, colocynth

炎

burn, blazing

Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷ(r)am

Middle Chinese: hjem

炎
1379
viêm
flame, blaze
肺炎
phế viêm
pneumonia

談
1380
đàm
talk
座談
會談
tọa đàm
hội đàm
to hold an informal talk
to confer; talks, conference

淡
1381
đạm
weak, watery
淡泊
慘淡
đạm bạc
thảm đạm
simple, frugal
melancholy, dismal, gloomy, dreary

亦

1: armpit

Old Chinese: *[ɢ](r)Ak

Middle Chinese: yek

2: also

Old Chinese: *ɢ(r)Ak

Middle Chinese: yek

夜
1382
dạ
night, dark
半夜
日夜
bán dạ
nhật dạ
midnight
day and night

液
1383
dịch
sap, juice, liquid, fluid
溶液
胃液
dung dịch
vị dịch
solution
gastric juice

跡
1384
tích
search, track, trace
形跡
聖跡
hình tích
thánh tích
trace, imprint
relics

十

ten

Old Chinese: *t.[g]əp

Middle Chinese: dzyip

針
1385
châm
needle
方針
phương châm
line, direction, policy, guideline

十
1386
thập
ten, tenth
十字
十八
thập tự
thập bát
cross
eighteen

汁
1387
trấp
juice, liquor, fluid, sap, gravy, sauce
乳汁
nhũ trấp
chyme, milk

算

calculate; tally

Old Chinese: *[s]ˤorʔ-s

Middle Chinese: swanH

纂
1388
soạn
edit, compile
編纂
biên soạn
to compile, edit, write

篡
1389
thoán
usurp
篡位
篡逆
thoán vị
thoán nghịch
usurp the throne
rebel, rise in rebellion or insurrection

算
1390
toán
count, calculate, figure
決算
算法
quyết toán
toán pháp
to draw the balance sheet
arithmetic

酉

1: 10th earthly branch

Old Chinese: *N-ruʔ

Middle Chinese: yuwX

2: wine

Old Chinese: *N-ruʔ

Middle Chinese: yuwX

3: old

Old Chinese: *N-ruʔ

Middle Chinese: yuwX

猶
1391
do
like, similar to, just like, as
猶豫
猶太教
do dự
do thái giáo
to hesitate, waver, be unable to decide
Judaism

酋
1392
tù
chief of tribe, chieftain
酋長
tù trưởng
head of a tribe, chieftain

酒
1393
tửu
wine, spirits, liquor, alcoholic beverage
酒量
酒色
tửu lượng
tửu sắc
drinking capacity
wine and women

左

1: left (side)

Old Chinese: *tsˤa[j]ʔ

Middle Chinese: tsaX

2: assist

Old Chinese: *tsˤa[j]ʔ

Middle Chinese: tsaX

3: assist

Old Chinese: *tsˤarʔ-s

Middle Chinese: tsaH

差
1394
sai
to differ
公差
欽差
công sai
khâm sai
arithmetic ratio
king’s special envoy

佐
1395
tá
assist, aid, second
輔佐
phụ tá
assistant, aide; to aide, assist

左
1396
tả
left
左派
左翼
tả phái
tả dực
(political) left, leftist
left wing

匀

1: even, uniform

Old Chinese: *[N-q]ʷi[n]

Middle Chinese: ywin

2: little, few (Shuōwén)

Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷi[ŋ]

Middle Chinese: ywin

均
1397
quân
equal, even, fair
均分
quân phân
divide evenly, share out

旬
1398
tuần
ten-day period
中旬
八旬
trung tuần
bát tuần
mid-month, second ten days of the month
eight years (of age)

殉
1399
tuẫn
die for cause, be martyr for
殉節
殉葬
tuẫn tiết
tuẫn táng
sacrifice one’s life for a good cause, suicide
bury together with a dead person (a living human being

衣

1: clothes

Old Chinese: *ʔ(r)əj

Middle Chinese: 'j+j

2: wear (v.t.)

Old Chinese: *ʔ(r)əj-s

Middle Chinese: 'j+jH

哀
1400
ai
sad, mournful, pitiful
哀歌
哀怨
ai ca
ai oán
dirge, elegy, lament
to grieve and resent; grief and resentment, plaintive

衣
1401
y
clothes, clothing
衣服
布衣
y phục
bố y
clothes, garment
cotton garments (the common people)

依
1402
ỷ
rely on, be set in
依賴
ỷ lại
to depend, rely on others

垚

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: ŋeːw

曉
1403
hiểu
dawn, daybreak
通曉
thông hiểu
to understand

繞
1404
nhiễu
entwine
繞射
nhiễu xạ
to diffract; diffraction

燒
1405
thiêu
burn
火燒
燒燬
hỏa thiêu
thiêu hủy
to burn at the stake
to destroy, burn down

龍

1: dragon

Old Chinese: *[mə]-roŋ

Middle Chinese: ljowng

2: variegated

Old Chinese: *mˤroŋ

Middle Chinese: maewng

龍
1406
long
dragon
龍涎香
烏龍
long diên hương
ô long
ambergris
black dragon brown tea (a kind of Chinese tea)

壟
1407
lũng
grave, mound
壟斷
lũng đoạn
to monopolize, gain command, control of

寵
1408
sủng
favorite, concubine
失寵
thất sủng
to fall into disfavor

齊

1: uniform, equal

Old Chinese: *[dz]ˤəj

Middle Chinese: dzej

2: Qí (place name)

Old Chinese: *[dz]ˤəj

Middle Chinese: dzej

齋
1409
trai
vegetarian diet
齋戒
trai giới
abstinence, fasts, fasting

濟
1410
tế
to help, aid, relieve
救濟
市場經濟
cứu tế
thị trường kinh tế
aid, relief, assistance; to aid, relieve
market economy

齊
1411
tề
even, uniform, of equal length
齊家
tề gia
manage one’s household

儥

sell

Old Chinese: *[l][iw]k

Middle Chinese: yuwk

贖
1412
chuộc、thục
buy, redeem
贖罪
贖回
chuộc tội
thục hồi
to atone for one’s sins
buy back, repurchase, redeem, buy up

續
1413
tục
continue, carry on
接續
連續
tiếp tục
liên tục
to continue; continuous
to continue, continuous

讀
1414
độc
read, study
讀本
讀者
độc bản
độc giả
reader (textbook)
reader, user

不

1: not

Old Chinese: *pə

Middle Chinese: pjuw

2: 不律 writing brush (pron. in Wú 吳 ap. Shuōwén; E. Hàn)

Old Chinese: *pə

Middle Chinese: pjuw

不
1415
bất、phi
no, not
不動
不動產
不法
不道德
bất động
bất động sản
phi pháp
phi đạo đức
immobile, unmoving, motionless
real estate
illegal
amoral, immorality

胚
1416
phôi
embryo
胚胎
phôi thai
embryo

否
1417
phủ
not, no, negative
否認
否決
phủ nhận
phủ quyết
to deny, negate
to veto

攸

place where

Old Chinese: *liw

Middle Chinese: yuw

悠
1418
du
long, far, remote, distant
悠揚
du dương
melodious, harmonious, sweet

修
1419
trang、tu
study
修飾
修補
大修
trang sức
tu bổ
đại tu
to adorn, wear
to repair, fix, restore, mend, set right again
overhaul

條
1420
điều
clause, condition
條件
條例
điều kiện
điều lệ
condition, situation, category
regulation, rule, statute, charter

相

1: mutually

Old Chinese: *[s]aŋ

Middle Chinese: sjang

2: appearance, quality

Old Chinese: *[s]aŋ-s

Middle Chinese: sjangH

霜
1421
sương
frost
冰霜
băng sương
ice and frost; to be pure

相
1422
tương、tướng
mutual, reciprocal, each other
相似
相應
首相
相貌
tương tự
tương ứng
thủ tướng
tướng mạo
similar, alike, comparable, analogous, analog; similarly
correlative, corresponding; to correspond, be similar, be comparable
premier, prime minister
outward look

想
1423
tưởng
think, speculate, plan, consider
理想
想像
lý tưởng
tưởng tượng
ideal
to imagine, picture; imagination; imaginary, fictional

閒

間
1424
gian、gián
interval, space
空間
民間
間斷
間接
không gian
dân gian
gián đoạn
gián tiếp
(outer) space
people, population
discontinuity; to break off, interrupt, delay, put off; interrupted, discontinued
indirect

簡
1425
giản
simple, terse, succinct
簡單
簡便
giản đơn
giản tiện
to be simple
easy, simple and practical

閒
1426
nhàn
leisure
清閒
安閒
thanh nhàn
an nhàn
leisurely, leisured
easy, relaxed, leisurely

長

1: long (adj.)

Old Chinese: *Cə-[N]-traŋ

Middle Chinese: drjang

2: grow; elder

Old Chinese: *traŋʔ

Middle Chinese: trjangX

張
1427
trương
stretch, extend, expand
主張
開張
chủ trương
khai trương
to advocate, assert, maintain, allege, claim, contend; claim, contention
to open a shop

脹
1428
trướng
swell, inflate, expand
膨脹
bành trướng
to develop, expand, spread, extend

長
1429
trường、trưởng
long
所長
長城
長成
隊長
sở trường
trường thành
trưởng thành
đội trưởng
strength, strong point, forte
long wall
to grow up, mature; maturation
leader of a working gang, leader of a group

宗

ancestral temple

Old Chinese: *[ts]ˤuŋ

Middle Chinese: tsowng

崇
1430
sùng
esteem, honor, revere, venerate
尊崇
崇拜
tôn sùng
sùng bái
to honor, venerate
to adore, idolize, revere, worship

宗
1431
tôn、tông
lineage, ancestry
宗教
宗廟
祖宗
正宗
tôn giáo
tôn miếu
tổ tông
chính tông
religion; religious
temple of deceased kings
ancestry, ancestor, forefathers; sect, school
genuine, real, authentic

綜
1432
tổng
arrange threads for weaving
綜合
綜觀
tổng hợp
tổng quan
to collect, concentrate, unite, synthesize; general, universal; synthesis
conspectus, overall or general view, overview

樂

1: to cure

Old Chinese: *[r]ˤawk

Middle Chinese: lak

2: joy; enjoy

Old Chinese: *[r]ˤawk

Middle Chinese: lak

3: cause to rejoice

Old Chinese: *[ŋ]ˤrawk-s

Middle Chinese: ngaewH

4: music

Old Chinese: *[ŋ]ˤrawk

Middle Chinese: ngaewk

藥
1433
dược
drugs, pharmaceuticals, medicine
草藥
藥學
thảo dược
dược học
herbal medicine
pharmacy, pharmacentics

樂
1434
lạc、nhạc
happy, glad
俱樂部
樂觀
聲樂
軍樂
câu lạc bộ
lạc quan
thanh nhạc
quân nhạc
club, casino, mess (hall)
optimistic; to be optimistic, get one’s hopes up
vocal music
military music, military

鑠
1435
thước
melt, smelt
矍鑠
quắc thước
hale and hearty

折

1: solitary standing (sc. tree)

Old Chinese: *[d]ˤet-s

Middle Chinese: dejH

2: bend (v.i.)

Old Chinese: *N-tet

Middle Chinese: dzyet

3: bend; break (v.t.)

Old Chinese: *tet

Middle Chinese: tsyet

折
1436
chiết
break off, snap
折扣
折中
chiết khấu
chiết trung
discount
eclectic

誓
1437
thề、thệ
swear, pledge
誓約
發誓
盟誓
thề ước
phát thệ
minh thệ
swear, pledge
to take or swear an oath
vow, oath; to make or take an oath

哲
1438
triết
wise, sagacious
哲理
triết lý
philosophy; to philosophize, be philosophical

林

forest

Old Chinese: *[r]əm

Middle Chinese: lim

禁
1439
cấm、cầm
restrict, prohibit, forbid
禁地
嚴禁
監禁
禁書
cấm địa
nghiêm cấm
giam cầm
cầm thư
forbidden zone, out of bounds area
to forbid, prohibit
to detain, imprison, jail
music and books, intellectual life

婪
1440
lam
covet
貪婪
tham lam
greed; greedy, voracious, rapacious

林
1441
lâm
forest, grove
林業
農林
lâm nghiệp
nông lâm
forest industry, forestry
agriculture and forestry

从

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: zloŋ

蹤
1442
tung
footprints, traces, tracks
蹤跡
行蹤
tung tích
hành tung
trace, vestige
track, trail, whereabouts

從
1443
tòng
from, by, since, whence, through
從軍
從犯
tòng quân
tòng phạm
to enlist, join up
to submit oneself to; accessory, accomplice (in a crime)

縱
1444
túng、tổng
indulge in, give free reign to
操縱
縱觀
thao túng
tổng quan
to hold and release, do as one pleases, sway, control
conspectus, overall or general view, overview

此

this

Old Chinese: *[tsʰ]e(j)ʔ

Middle Chinese: tshjeX

雌
1445
thư
female
英雌
anh thư
heroine

寨
1446
trại
stockade, stronghold, outpost
營寨
山寨
doanh trại
sơn trại
quarters, base, barracks
mountain camp

紫
1447
tía、tử
purple, violet
紫蘇
紫外
tía tô
tử ngoại
perilla
ultraviolet

暵

1: scorch, burn

Old Chinese: *n̥ˤarʔ

Middle Chinese: xanX

2: dry

Old Chinese: *[qʰ]ˤarʔ-s

Middle Chinese: xanH

漢
1448
hàn、hán
the Chinese people, Chinese language
南漢
漢文
漢城
nam hàn
hán văn
hán thành
South Korea
Chinese literature
Seoul

難
1449
nan、nạn
difficult, arduous, hard
艱難
難解
救難
避難
gian nan
nan giải
cứu nạn
tị nạn
difficult, hard, laborious, hard
difficult, hard to solve
to rescue from danger
refugee; to flee from danger

嘆
1450
thán
sigh, admire
怨嘆
嘆詞
oán thán
thán từ
complain, grumble
interjection

內

1: bring or send in

Old Chinese: *nˤ[u]p

Middle Chinese: nop

2: inside

Old Chinese: *nˤ[u]p-s

Middle Chinese: nwojH

納
1451
nạp
admit, take, receive, accept
容納
收納
dung nạp
thu nạp
to admit, accept, tolerate
to receive, admit, accept

內
1452
nội
inside, interior
河內
內容
hà nội
nội dung
Hanoi
subject, contents (of a speech, document); platform, purport, context

疋

foot

Old Chinese: *sra

Middle Chinese: srjo

疏
1453
sơ
neglect
粗疏
疏率
thô sơ
sơ suất
rough, crude, coarse, rudimentary, primitive
negligent, careless

礎
1454
sở
foundation stone, plinth
基礎
cơ sở
(1) base (also math); (2) installation, establishment, basis, branch, facility

立

stand (v.)

Old Chinese: *k.rəp

Middle Chinese: lip

立
1455
lập
stand
成立
立即
thành lập
lập tức
to form, found, establish, create
immediately, at once, right away

位
1456
vị
throne
位置
各位
vị trí
các vị
position, place
ladies and gentlemen, you

豊

ritual vessel

Old Chinese: *[r]ˤijʔ

Middle Chinese: lejX

禮
1457
lễ
social custom
喪禮
禮物
tang lễ
lễ vật
funeral, burial rites
gift, present, offering

體
1458
thể
body
具體
基體
cụ thể
cơ thể
concrete, tangible, explicit; in particular
organism, body

幵

even, level (Shuōwén)

Old Chinese: *[k]ˤe[r]

Middle Chinese: ken

笄
1459
kê
a hairpin
及笄
cập kê
nubile; to reach marrying age

研
1460
nghiên
grind, rub
研究
研究生
nghiên cứu
nghiên cứu sinh
to do research, study, investigate; study, investigation, research
post-graduate

學

study; imitate

Old Chinese: *m-kˤruk

Middle Chinese: haewk

覺
1461
giác
to wake up from sleep
警覺
視覺
cảnh giác
thị giác
vigilance; vigilant, aware
sight

學
1462
học
learning, knowledge
學生
大學
học sinh
đại học
student
university, college, higher education

集

gather, collect

Old Chinese: *[dz][u]p

Middle Chinese: dzip

雜
1463
tạp
mixed, blended
雜誌
雜貨
tạp chí
tạp hóa
magazine, digest, review, journal
various good, sundry items

集
1464
tập
assemble, collect together
集中
集體
tập trung
tập thể
to concentrate, centralize, gather, focus, mass (up); concentration
collective, communal, group

畫

1: drawing (n.)

Old Chinese: *C-gʷˤrek-s

Middle Chinese: hweaH

2: draw (v.)

Old Chinese: *gʷˤrek

Middle Chinese: hweak

劃
1465
hoạch
divide, mark off, lay boundary
規劃
籌劃
quy hoạch
trù hoạch
plan
plan

畫
1466
họa
delineate, painting, picture, drawing
名畫
畫報
danh họa
họa báo
famous, renown painter or painting
pictorial magazine, pictorial

利

sharp; profit

Old Chinese: *C.ri[t]-s

Middle Chinese: lijH

黎
1467
lê
surname
黎明
黎民
lê minh
lê dân
daybreak, dawn
common people, the masses

利
1468
lợi
gains, advantage, profit, merit
利潤
利益
lợi nhuận
lợi ích
gains, profits
profitable, useful; to use, make advantage of; use, advantage, benefit, interest, profit

意

thought (n.)

Old Chinese: *ʔ(r)ək-s

Middle Chinese: 'iH

意
1469
ý
thought, idea, opinion
注意
意見
chú ý
ý kiến
to pay attention; note
view, opinion

憶
1470
ức
remember, reflect upon
記憶
ký ức
memory

日

sun; day

Old Chinese: *C.nik

Middle Chinese: nyit

日
1471
nhật
sun
日本
生日
nhật bản
sinh nhật
Japan, Japanese
birthday

涅
1472
nát
blacken
涅槃
nát bàn
nirvana

充

full, fill

Old Chinese: *tʰuŋ

Middle Chinese: tsyhuwng

充
1473
sung
fill, be full, supply
充公
充血
sung công
sung huyết
to confiscate
to congest

統
1474
thống
govern, command, control
總統
傳統
tổng thống
truyền thống
president; presidential
tradition; traditional

面

face

Old Chinese: *C.me[n]-s

Middle Chinese: mjienH

面
1475
diện
face
面積
全面
diện tích
toàn diện
area
comprehensive, all-around, total, entire, whole

緬
1476
miến
distant, remote
緬甸
miến điện
Burma

隱

1: grieved; suffering

Old Chinese: *[ʔ](r)ə[n]ʔ

Middle Chinese: 'j+nX

2: conceal

Old Chinese: *[ʔ](r)ə[n]ʔ

Middle Chinese: 'j+nX

3: lean on

Old Chinese: *ʔ(r)ə[r]ʔ-s

Middle Chinese: 'j+nH

隱
1477
ẩn
hide, conceal
隱喻
惻隱
ẩn dụ
trắc ẩn
metaphor
pity, compassion

穩
1478
ổn
stable, firm, solid, steady
穩定
不穩
ổn định
bất ổn
fixed, steady, stable, settled; stability
insecure, unstable

能

1: a kind of bear

Old Chinese: *nˤə

Middle Chinese: noj

2: a kind of bear

Old Chinese: *nˤə(ŋ)

Middle Chinese: nong

3: able; ability

Old Chinese: *nˤə(ʔ) (~ *nˤəŋ)

Middle Chinese: nong

能
1479
năng
to be able
能量
能力
năng lượng
năng lực
energy, power
ability, capacity, efficiency, power

態
1480
thái
manner, bearing, attitude
動態
狀態
động thái
trạng thái
step, move
situation, state, circumstance(s), condition

口

mouth

Old Chinese: *kʰˤ(r)oʔ

Middle Chinese: khuwX

扣
1481
khấu
knock, strike, rap, tap
折扣
扣除
chiết khấu
khấu trừ
discount
deduction; to abate, deduct

口
1482
khẩu
mouth
入口
口味
nhập khẩu
khẩu vị
to import; importation
taste, appetite

品

kind, class

Old Chinese: *pʰr[ə]mʔ

Middle Chinese: phimX

臨
1483
lâm
draw near, approach
臨床
臨時
lâm sàng
lâm thời
clinical
interim, provisional

品
1484
phẩm
article, product, commodity
食品
品質
thực phẩm
phẩm chất
food product, foodstuff, food
quality

量

1: measure (v.)

Old Chinese: *[r]aŋ

Middle Chinese: ljang

2: measure (n.)

Old Chinese: *[r]aŋ-s

Middle Chinese: ljangH

糧
1485
lương
food, grain, provisions
糧食
軍糧
lương thực
quân lương
foods, rations, provisions
military provisions

量
1486
lượng
measure, quantity, capacity
數量
產量
số lượng
sản lượng
quantity, amount
output, production, productivity, yield

鷹

eagle, falcon

Old Chinese: *[q](r)əŋ

Middle Chinese: 'ing

鷹
1487
ưng
eagle, falcon
鷹犬
ưng khuyển
vultures and dogs, lackey servant

應
1488
ứng
should, ought to, must
答應
反應
đáp ứng
phản ứng
to answer, respond, satisfy, fill a need, meet, comply with
to react; reaction

束

bind; bundle

Old Chinese: *s-tʰok

Middle Chinese: syowk

束
1489
thúc
bind, control, restrain
結束
kết thúc
to conclude, end, finish

速
1490
tốc
quick, prompt, speedy
增速
減速
tăng tốc
giảm tốc
to accelerate, increase speed, go faster
reduce speed, slow down

幸

fortunate

Old Chinese: *[g]ˤreŋʔ

Middle Chinese: heangX

睪
1491
dịch
spy on
睪丸
dịch hoàn
testis, testicle

幸
1492
hạnh
luck(ily), favor, fortunately
幸福
不幸
hạnh phúc
bất hạnh
happiness, happy
unfortunate, unlucky, poor; misfortune

猒

1: satiate, satisfy

Old Chinese: *ʔem

Middle Chinese: 'jiem

2: satisfaction

Old Chinese: *ʔem-s

Middle Chinese: 'jiemH

厭
1493
yếm
dislike, detest, reject
厭世
yếm thế
(1) to die; (2) to distrust or hate people, mankind, humanity, be pessimistic

壓
1494
áp
press
壓力
血壓
áp lực
huyết áp
to pressure; pressure
blood pressure

民

people

Old Chinese: *mi[ŋ]

Middle Chinese: mjin

民
1495
dân
people, subjects, citizens
人民
居民
nhân dân
cư dân
people, citizens
population, inhabitant(s), resident; residential

眠
1496
miên
close eyes, sleep
冬眠
催眠
đông miên
thôi miên
to hibernate
to hypnotize, mesmerize

農

agriculture; to farm

Old Chinese: *nˤ[o]ŋ

Middle Chinese: nowng

農
1497
nông
agriculture, farming
農業
農民
nông nghiệp
nông dân
agriculture, farming
farmer, cultivator

濃
1498
nồng
thick, strong, concentrated
濃度
濃厚
nồng độ
nồng hậu
concentration, proof (percent alcohol)
warm, intense, deep

咸

all; everywhere

Old Chinese: *[g]ˤr[ə]m

Middle Chinese: heam

感
1499
cảm
feel, perceive, emotion
情感
感覺
tình cảm
cảm giác
emotional, sentimental; sentiment, affection
feeling, sensation, sense

減
1500
giảm
decrease, subtract, diminish
減價
減少
giảm giá
giảm thiểu
to reduce or lower or cut the prices, discount
to diminish, minimize, reduce

蒦

catch, get

Old Chinese: *m-qʷˤrak

Middle Chinese: hweak

穫
1501
hoạch
harvest, cut grain
收穫
thu hoạch
to harvest, reap, obtain

護
1502
hộ
protect, guard, defend, shelter
擁護
救護
ủng hộ
cứu hộ
to support, stand up for, back
to rescue, salvage, save and protect

邕

city moat

Old Chinese: *[q](r)oŋ (< *[q](r)om)

Middle Chinese: 'jowng

雍
1503
ung
harmony, union
雍容
ung dung
calm, poised, relaxed, deliberate

擁
1504
ủng
embrace, hug, squeeze
擁護
ủng hộ
to support, stand up for, back

勿

1: don't

Old Chinese: *mut

Middle Chinese: mjut

2: not ... it

Old Chinese: *mut

Middle Chinese: mjut

忽
1505
hốt
suddenly, abruptly
忽然
hốt nhiên
all of a sudden

物
1506
vật
thing, substance, creature
人物
動物
nhân vật
động vật
figure, personality, character, person
animal, fauna

以

take, use

Old Chinese: *ləʔ

Middle Chinese: yiX

以
1507
dĩ
by means of
以往
加以
dĩ vãng
gia dĩ
past, former times
moreover

似
1508
tự
resemble, similar to
相似
似乎
tương tự
tự hồ
similar, alike, comparable, analogous, analog; similarly
as if, as though

争

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: ʔsreːŋ

爭
1509
tranh
to dispute, fight, contend, strive
競爭
戰爭
cạnh tranh
chiến tranh
to contend, compete; competition
war, conflict

淨
1510
tịnh
pure, clean, unspoiled
清淨
淨土
thanh tịnh
tịnh độ
tranquil, restful
(Buddhism) pure land

希

thin, sparse

Old Chinese: *qʰəj

Middle Chinese: xj+j

稀
1511
hi
rare, unusual, scarce
稀有
hi hữu
rare, occasional

希
1512
hy
rare
希望
希臘
hy vọng
hy lạp
to hope
Greece, Greek

妾

concubine

Old Chinese: *[tsʰ]ap

Middle Chinese: tshjep

妾
1513
thiếp
concubine
妻妾
thê thiếp
wife and concubine

接
1514
tiếp
receive
接近
接觸
tiếp cận
tiếp xúc
to approach, reach, access; adjacent
connection, relation, contact; to contact, get in touch with

兄

elder brother

Old Chinese: *m̥raŋ

Middle Chinese: xjwaeng

兄
1515
huynh
elder brother
兄弟
兄長
huynh đệ
huynh trưởng
brotherhood, brothers
elders, seniors

況
1516
huống
condition, situation
情況
近況
tình huống
cận huống
condition, state
recent situation

刃

edge of a blade

Old Chinese: *nə[n]-s

Middle Chinese: nyinH

忍
1517
nhẫn
endure, bear, suffer
殘忍
忍耐
tàn nhẫn
nhẫn nại
heartless, ruthless, atrocious, cold, blunt
to endure, be patient

認
1518
nhận
recognize, know, understand
確認
承認
xác nhận
thừa nhận
to affirm, confirm, confess (to), determine
to recognize, admit

即

1: go to

Old Chinese: *[ts]ik

Middle Chinese: tsik

2: thereupon

Old Chinese: *[ts]ik

Middle Chinese: tsik

節
1519
tiết
knot, node, joint
節儉
調節
tiết kiệm
điều tiết
to save, be thrifty, economize; economical
regulate, harmonize

即
1520
tức
promptly, quickly, immediately
即時
即刻
tức thì
tức khắc
right away, immediately, at once
immediate, right away

失

lose

Old Chinese: *l̥i[t]

Middle Chinese: syit

失
1521
thất
lose
失敗
失望
thất bại
thất vọng
to be defeated, lose, fail, be unsuccessful; defeat, failure
disappointed, disappointing, dismayed; to despair, be disappointed

秩
1522
trật
order
秩序
trật tự
order

寸

thumb; inch

Old Chinese: *[tsʰ]ˤu[n]-s

Middle Chinese: tshwonH

村
1523
thôn
village, hamlet
農村
村長
nông thôn
thôn trưởng
countryside, country, rural
village mayor

忖
1524
thổn
guess, suppose, conjecture
忖量
thổn lượng
to estimate, guess

袁

long robe

Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷa[n]

Middle Chinese: hjwon

園
1525
viên
garden
公園
花園
công viên
hoa viên
(public) park, (public) garden
flower-garden

遠
1526
viễn
distant, remote, far
遠景
遠東
viễn cảnh
viễn đông
far-sighted, long-sighted, hypermetropic
Far East

遂

advance (v.)

Old Chinese: *sə-lu[t]-s

Middle Chinese: zwijH

遂
1527
toại
comply with, follow along
半身不遂
遂願
bán thân bất toại
toại nguyện
hemiplegia
to have reached the summit of one’s hopes

隊
1528
đội
team, group
隊伍
部隊
đội ngũ
bộ đội
ranks (of soldiers, workers)
troops, solders, army

毄

繫
1529
hệ
attach, connect, unite, fasten
聯繫
liên hệ
related; relationship to contact, relate to

擊
1530
kích
strike, hit, beat
炮擊
砲擊
pháo kích
pháo kích
bombing; to bomb
bombing; to bomb

聿

1: following, thereupon

Old Chinese: *[N.]rut

Middle Chinese: ywit

2: writing stylus or brush (pron. in Chǔ 楚 ap. Shuōwén; E. Hàn)

Old Chinese: *[m-]rut

Middle Chinese: ywit

筆
1531
bút
writing brush
筆記
筆名
bút ký
bút danh
notes
pen-name, nom de plume, pseudonym

律
1532
luật
statute, principle, regulation
紀律
定律
kỷ luật
định luật
discipline; to discipline
(scientific) law

尊

1: honor (v.)

Old Chinese: *[ts]ˤu[n]

Middle Chinese: tswon

2: wine-cup

Old Chinese: *[ts]ˤu[n]

Middle Chinese: tswon

遵
1533
tuân
obey, comply with, follow
遵令
遵守
tuân lệnh
tuân thủ
to comply with, obey
to obey, keep to, abide by, follow (a rule, policy)

尊
1534
tôn
respect, revere, venerate
尊重
尊榮
tôn trọng
tôn vinh
respect, compliance; to respect
to respect, honor

具

arrange, provide

Old Chinese: *[g](r)o-s

Middle Chinese: gjuH

俱
1535
câu
all, together
俱樂部
câu lạc bộ
club, casino, mess (hall)

具
1536
cụ
tool, implement
工具
用具
công cụ
dụng cụ
tool, object
tool, equipment, instrument

盾

shield

Old Chinese: *lˤu[n]ʔ

Middle Chinese: dwonX

盾
1537
thuẫn
shield, shield-shaped object
後盾
矛盾
hậu thuẫn
mâu thuẫn
support, backing; to support, back
to contradict, conflict; conflicting, contradictory, inconsistent; contraction, inconsistency, conflict, confrontation

循
1538
tuần
obey, comply with, follow
循環
tuần hoàn
to circulate, recur, revolve; circulation

足

1: replenish

Old Chinese: *[ts]ok-s

Middle Chinese: tsjuH

2: sufficient

Old Chinese: *[ts]ok

Middle Chinese: tsjowk

3: foot

Old Chinese: *[ts]ok

Middle Chinese: tsjowk

足
1539
túc
foot
足球
自足
túc cầu
tự túc
football, soccer
self-sufficient, self-supporting

促
1540
xúc
urge, press, hurry
促進
xúc tiến
to encourage, promote, push forward, onwards

辛

1: pungent; painful

Old Chinese: *[s]i[n]

Middle Chinese: sin

2: 8th heavenly stem

Old Chinese: *si[n]

Middle Chinese: sin

親
1541
thân
relatives, parents
親切
親密
thân thiết
thân mật
intimate, familiar
intimate, very close

新
1542
tân
new, recent, fresh, modern
新兵
維新
tân binh
duy tân
to recruit; new soldier, new recruit
reform, modernism, modernization

仌

冰
1543
băng
ice
北冰洋
結冰
bắc băng dương
kết băng
arctic ocean
to freeze

憑
1544
bằng
lean on, depend on, rely on
文憑
憑證
văn bằng
bằng chứng
(1) degree, diploma, qualification; (2) evidence, proof
evidence, proof, exhibit, witness

斬

cut off

Old Chinese: *[ts]ramʔ

Middle Chinese: tsreamX

漸
1545
tiệm
gradually
漸進
tiệm tiến
progressive

暫
1546
tạm
temporary
暫時
tạm thời
temporary, provisional, interim; in the meantime

巳

6th earthly branch

Old Chinese: *s-[ɢ]əʔ

Middle Chinese: ziX

起
1547
khởi
rise, stand up
起頭
起動
khởi đầu
khởi động
at the beginning; initialization; to start, begin
to start (up), initiate, reboot

祀
1548
tự
to sacrifice, worship
祭祀
tế tự
sacrifices and prayers

某

so and so; a certain

Old Chinese: *məʔ

Middle Chinese: muwX

媒
1549
môi
go-between, matchmaker
風媒
媒人
phong môi
môi nhân
anemophilous
matchmaker

謀
1550
mưu
plan, scheme
參謀
謀生
tham mưu
mưu sinh
staff
to make a living

堇

1: time, season

Old Chinese: *[g]rə[r]

Middle Chinese: gin

2: (a kind of vegetable)

Old Chinese: *kə[r]ʔ

Middle Chinese: kj+nX

3: clay

Old Chinese: *[g]rə[r]

Middle Chinese: gin

勤
1551
cần
industrious, diligent, attentive
勤王
後勤
cần vương
hậu cần
to support the king, rescue the king
logistics

謹
1552
cẩn
prudent, cautious
謹慎
cẩn thận
attentive, watchful, careful, prudent, cautious

七

seven

Old Chinese: *[tsʰ]i[t]

Middle Chinese: tshit

切
1553
thiết
cut, mince, slice, carve
切要
切實
thiết yếu
thiết thực
essential, vital
practical, pragmatic, realistic

七
1554
thất
seven
七竅
thất khiếu
seven openings of one’s head (two eyes, two ears, two nostrils and a mouth)

昆

elder brother

Old Chinese: *[k]ˤu[n]

Middle Chinese: kwon

昆
1555
côn
elder brother
昆蟲
昆蟲學
côn trùng
côn trùng học
insect
entomology

混
1556
hỗn
to mix, blend, mingle
混合
混亂
hỗn hợp
hỗn loạn
joint, hybrid, mix
disorder, confusion

天

1: heaven

Old Chinese: *l̥ˤi[n]

Middle Chinese: then

2: heaven

Old Chinese: *l̥ˤi[n] (W dialect: l̥ˤ- > Hàn-time *xˤ- > MC x-)

Middle Chinese: xen

天
1557
thiên
sky, heaven
天災
天堂
thiên tai
thiên đường
natural calamity, natural disaster
paradise, heaven, Elysium

吞
1558
thôn
swallow
吞併
thôn tính
to annex, swallow

封

raise a mound; enfeoff

Old Chinese: *p(r)oŋ

Middle Chinese: pjowng

幫
1559
bang
to help, assist
丐幫
幫助
cái bang
bang trợ
group of professional beggars
to aid, help, assist

封
1560
phong
letter, envelope
封鎖
封爵
phong tỏa
phong tước
to block, blockade, besiege
confer a title (on somebody)

朕

I, we, our

Old Chinese: *lrəmʔ

Middle Chinese: drimX

勝
1561
thắng
victory
勝利
全勝
thắng lợi
toàn thắng
victory, success
complete victory

朕
1562
trẫm
pronoun 'I'
朕兆
trẫm triệu
omen, foreboding

孫

grandchild; descendant

Old Chinese: *[s]ˤu[n]

Middle Chinese: swon

孫
1563
tôn
grandchild, descendent
孫女
長孫
tôn nữ
trưởng tôn
daughter of a royal family
oldest grandson

遜
1564
tốn
humble, modest
謙遜
khiêm tốn
modest

耑

tip (n.)

Old Chinese: *tˤor

Middle Chinese: twan

瑞
1565
thụy
felicitous omen
瑞士
瑞典
thụy sĩ
thụy điển
Switzerland, Swiss
Sweden

端
1566
đoan
end, extreme
發端
弊端
phát đoan
tệ đoan
begin
corruption, social evil

秋

autumn; crop

Old Chinese: *tsʰiw

Middle Chinese: tshjuw

愁
1567
sầu
anxiety
發愁
悲愁
phát sầu
bi sầu
be sad, grieve
sad, mournful, melancholy

秋
1568
thu
autumn, fall
中秋
仲秋
trung thu
trọng thu
mid-autumn
the second month of autumn

冘

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: lu

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: lum

枕
1569
chẩm
pillow
枕骨
chẩm cốt
occipital bone

沉
1570
trầm
sink, submerge
沉重
沉積
trầm trọng
trầm tích
serious, severe
sediment

沿

go along (a river); follow

Old Chinese: *lon

Middle Chinese: ywen

沿
1571
duyên
follow a course, go along
沿海
duyên hải
coast, (sea)shore; coastal, seaside

船
1572
thuyền
ship, boat, vessel
船長
飛船
thuyền trưởng
phi thuyền
captain, skipper (of a boat)
spacecraft, spaceship

追

pursue

Old Chinese: *truj

Middle Chinese: trwij

歸
1573
quy
return
歸期
榮歸
quy kỳ
vinh quy
date of one’s return
(of successful examinee) return to one’s village

追
1574
truy
pursue, chase after
追訴
追贈
truy tố
truy tặng
to prosecute, sue
to award or bestow posthumously

矣

(final particle)

Old Chinese: *qəʔ (atonic)

Middle Chinese: hiX

埃
1575
ai
fine dust, dirt
埃及
埃及學
ai cập
ai cập học
Egypt, Egyptian
Egyptology

騃
1576
ngốc
stupid
痴騃
愚騃
si ngốc
ngu ngốc
stupid
dull, dull-headed, stupid, foolish

氐

1: Western tribes

Old Chinese: *tˤij

Middle Chinese: tej

2: bottom

Old Chinese: *tˤijʔ

Middle Chinese: tejX

低
1577
đê
low
低下
đê hạ
base, mean, low

底
1578
để
bottom, underneath, underside
天底
徹底
thiên để
triệt để
nadir
radical; absolute, strict; thoroughly

君

lord; ruler

Old Chinese: *C.qur

Middle Chinese: kjun

君
1579
quân
sovereign, monarch, ruler, chief, prince
灶君
君主
táo quân
quân chủ
Kitchen God
king, ruler, monarch

群
1580
quần
group, crowd, multitude, mob
群島
群眾
quần đảo
quần chúng
archipelago, islands
mass, group, crowd, people; the masses, public

益

increase

Old Chinese: *q[i]k (dialect: *-ik > *-ek)

Middle Chinese: 'jiek

益
1581
ích
profit, benefit
有益
無益
hữu ích
vô ích
useful, profitable, productive
useless, profitless, in vain, no avail

縊
1582
ải
hang, strangle
自縊
縊殺
tự ải
ải sát
to hang oneself
to execute by hanging, strangle to death

前

before

Old Chinese: *[dz]ˤen (~ *m-dzˤen)

Middle Chinese: dzen

前
1583
tiền
in front, forward
前提
前線
tiền đề
tiền tuyến
premise, premises
front line

箭
1584
tiễn
arrow
火箭
hỏa tiễn
rocket, missile

派

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: m̥ʰreːɡs

脈
1585
mạch
blood vessels, veins, arteries
動脈
按脈
động mạch
án mạch
artery
to check, feel, take someone’s pulse

派
1586
phái
school of thought, sect, branch
派生
黨派
phái sinh
đảng phái
derivative
party

建

set up, establish

Old Chinese: *[k]a[n]-s

Middle Chinese: kjonH

建
1587
kiến
build, establish, erect, found
建築師
封建
kiến trúc sư
phong kiến
architect
feudal

健
1588
kiện
strong, robust, healthy
健將
kiện tướng
good player

羍

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: tʰaːd

韃
1589
thát
the Tatars
韃靼
thát đát
Tartar, Mongol

達
1590
đạt
arrive at, reach
發達
送達
phát đạt
tống đạt
to prosper, thrive, develop
to notify, make known, transmit, convey, send on, deliver, serve (legal papers)

萬

10,000

Old Chinese: *C.ma[n]-s

Middle Chinese: mjonH

勵
1591
lệ
strive
激勵
策勵
khích lệ
sách lệ
to encourage, enliven, foster
to encourage

萬
1592
vạn
ten thousand
萬物
萬事
vạn vật
vạn sự
all things, living beings, nature
everything, all things

兒

child

Old Chinese: *ŋe

Middle Chinese: nye

霓
1593
nghê
rainbow
霓裳
霓裳
nghê thường
nghê thường
rainbow, colored clothes
rainbow, colored clothes

兒
1594
nhi
son, child, oneself
兒童
胎兒
nhi đồng
thai nhi
young child
embryo, fetus, child in the womb

褱

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: ɡruːl

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: ɡruːl

懷
1595
hoài
bosom, breast
懷疑
懷抱
hoài nghi
hoài bão
to doubt, suspect; skeptical
aspiration, striving, yearning

壞
1596
hoại
bad, spoil(ed), ruin, destroy
壞死
毀壞
hoại tử
hủy hoại
necrosis
to destroy, demolish, deteriorate, spoil, damage, ruin

永

long (time)

Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷraŋʔ

Middle Chinese: hjwaengX

永
1597
vĩnh
long, perpetual, eternal, forever
永遠
永久
vĩnh viễn
vĩnh cửu
eternal, perpetual, without end, endless, everlasting
permanent

詠
1598
vịnh
sing, hum, chant
歌詠
吟詠
ca vịnh
ngâm vịnh
sing and praise, sing the praise of
compose and recite a poem extempore (under the inspiration or some feeling)

段

hammer

Old Chinese: *tˤo[n]-s

Middle Chinese: twanH

鍛
1599
đoàn
forge metal
鍛鍊
đoàn luyện
forge, train

段
1600
đoạn
section, piece, division
分段
三段論
phân đoạn
tam đoạn luận
segment, partition, segmentation; to divide up
syllogism

叚

borrow

Old Chinese: *Cə.kˤraʔ

Middle Chinese: kaeX

假
1601
giả
falsehood, deception
假冒
假造
giả mạo
giả tạo
counterfeit, forge
to falsify, fake, forge

暇
1602
hạ
leisure, relaxation, spare time
閑暇
閒暇
nhàn hạ
nhàn hạ
leisured, free
leisured, free

血

blood

Old Chinese: *m̥ˤik

Middle Chinese: xwet

血
1603
huyết
blood
血脈
血漿
huyết mạch
huyết tương
blood vessel, vein, artery
plasma

恤
1604
tuất
show pity
憐恤
lân tuất
pity, compassion

縣

1: district

Old Chinese: *Cə.[g]ʷˤe[n]-s

Middle Chinese: hwenH

2: suspend

Old Chinese: *[g]ʷˤe[n]

Middle Chinese: hwen

懸
1605
huyền
hang, suspend, hoist
懸浮
huyền phù
suspension

縣
1606
huyện
county, district, subdivision
縣委
huyện ủy
district (communist) party committee member

秀

to flower

Old Chinese: *[s-l]u(ʔ)-s

Middle Chinese: sjuwH

透
1607
thấu
penetrate, pass through
透鏡
透光
thấu kính
thấu quang
lens
transparent

秀
1608
tú
ear of grain
優秀
清秀
ưu tú
thanh tú
excellent, eminent, elite, outstanding
pretty, nice, graceful

鬼

ghost

Old Chinese: *k-ʔujʔ

Middle Chinese: kjw+jX

魁
1609
khôi
chief
魁元
花魁
khôi nguyên
hoa khôi
(first-place) winner, recipent (of an award), laureate
beautiful woman, beauty queen, belle

鬼
1610
quỷ
ghost
魔鬼
鬼神
ma quỷ
quỷ thần
ghost, devil, spirit
gods, spirits, supernatural beings

尉

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: quds

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: qud

尉
1611
úy
officer, military rank
大尉
中尉
đại úy
trung úy
captain (military rank)
first lieutenant

慰
1612
ủy
comfort, console, calm
慰勞
ủy lạo
to comfort, console

皿

vessel, bowl

Old Chinese: *mraŋʔ

Middle Chinese: mjaengX

猛
1613
mãnh
violent, savage, cruel
猛烈
勇猛
mãnh liệt
dũng mãnh
strong, fierce, furious, vehement, violent
brave and strong

孟
1614
mạnh
first in series
孟子
mạnh tử
Mencius

帶

girdle, strap

Old Chinese: *C.tˤa[t]-s

Middle Chinese: tajH

滯
1615
trệ
block up, obstruct
停滯
凝滯
đình trệ
ngưng trệ
to put off, slow down, stagnate, reach a deadlock
to come to a standstill, stagnate

帶
1616
đới
belt, girdle, band, strap, zone
溫帶
亞熱帶
ôn đới
á nhiệt đới
temperate zone
subtropical

火

fire

Old Chinese: *[qʷʰ]ˤəjʔ

Middle Chinese: xwaX

火
1617
hỏa
fire, flame
火力
救火
hỏa lực
cứu hỏa
firepower
to put out a fire

伙
1618
lõa
companion, colleague
同伙
đồng lõa
accomplice

米

millet or rice grains, dehusked and polished

Old Chinese: *(C.)mˤ[e]jʔ

Middle Chinese: mejX

迷
1619
mê
bewitch, charm, infatuate
昏迷
迷信
hôn mê
mê tín
to faint, lose consciousness
superstition; superstitious

米
1620
mễ
hulled or husked uncooked rice
陳米
trần mễ
old rice (used in medicine)

貝

cowry shell

Old Chinese: *pˤa[t]-s

Middle Chinese: pajH

敗
1621
bại
be defeated, decline, fail
勝敗
慘敗
thắng bại
thảm bại
victory or defeat, success or failure
defeat, loss

貝
1622
bối
sea shell
寶貝
bảo bối
precious object; valuable, gem, treasure

丞

assist

Old Chinese: *m-təŋ

Middle Chinese: dzying

巹
1623
cẩn
合巹
hợp cẩn
ritual sharing of the bridal cup of wine

承
1624
thừa
inherit, receive
承繼
承接
thừa kế
thừa tiếp
to inherit, take over
to receive, welcome

坴

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: m·ruɡ

陸
1625
lục
land, continental
大陸
大陸
đại lục
đại lục
continent, mainland
continent, mainland

睦
1626
mục
friendly, amiable, peaceful
和睦
hòa mục
accord, concord, harmony; harmonious, united

冬

winter

Old Chinese: *tˤuŋ

Middle Chinese: towng

終
1627
chung
end
終身
告終
chung thân
cáo chung
entire life, lifelong, for life
to announce (the end of something)

冬
1628
đông
winter, 11th lunar month
冬至
立冬
đông chí
lập đông
winter solstice
beginning of winter

罙

探
1629
thám
find, locate
探險
探子
thám hiểm
thám tử
to explore; exploration
detective

深
1630
thâm
deep
深入
深沉
thâm nhập
thâm trầm
to penetrate, infiltrate
deep, unfathomable

殸

hanging musical stone

Old Chinese: *[C.qʰ]ˤeŋ-s

Middle Chinese: khengH

磬
1631
khánh
musical instrument
磬竭
khánh kiệt
all spent, exhausted, used up

聲
1632
thanh
sound, voice, noise
聲明
平聲
thanh minh
bình thanh
to state, declare clearly
even tone

祝

1: to curse

Old Chinese: *[t]uk-s

Middle Chinese: tsyuwH

2: pray, recite

Old Chinese: *[t]uk

Middle Chinese: tsyuwk

3: cut off, break

Old Chinese: *tuk

Middle Chinese: tsyuwk

咒
1633
chú
curse, damn, incantation
符咒
bùa chú
amulet

祝
1634
chúc
pray for happiness or blessings
祝壽
祝福
chúc thọ
chúc phúc
to wish a long life, birthday (for an old person)
to wish somebody well

隓

destroy

Old Chinese: *lˤojʔ

Middle Chinese: dwaX

隨
1635
tùy
follow, listen to, submit
隨便
隨意
tùy tiện
tùy ý
arbitrary, casual, random, unsystematic, unmethodical
to be free to; as one wishes

髓
1636
tủy
bone marrow
骨髓
cốt tủy
marrow, essence

乎

1: (Q particle)

Old Chinese: *ɢˤa

Middle Chinese: hu

2: in, at

Old Chinese: *ɢˤa

Middle Chinese: hu

呼
1637
hô
breathe sigh, exhale
呼喚
嗚呼
hô hoán
ô hô
to shout, cry out, yell (for help)
alas!

乎
1638
hồ
interrogative or exclamatory final particle
似乎
幾乎
tự hồ
cơ hồ
as if, as though
almost, nearly

久

a long time

Old Chinese: *[k]ʷəʔ

Middle Chinese: kjuwX

久
1639
cửu
long time (ago)
永久
vĩnh cửu
permanent

柩
1640
cữu
coffin which contains corpse
靈柩
linh cữu
coffin, bier

微

small

Old Chinese: *məj

Middle Chinese: mj+j

徽
1641
huy
a badge, insignia
國徽
國徽
quốc huy
quốc huy
national emblem, heraldry
national emblem, heraldry

微
1642
vi
small, prefix micro-, trifling
微生物
微分
vi sinh vật
vi phân
microorganism
differential

甲

1st heavenly stem; fingernail

Old Chinese: *[k]ˤr[a]p

Middle Chinese: kaep

甲
1643
giáp
armor, shell
三甲
鐵甲
tam giáp
thiết giáp
the three first candidates in the three kinds of examinations
armor, armored

押
1644
áp
mortgage, pledge
押解
áp giải
to bring, lead, escort (prisoner)

困

obstruct; distress

Old Chinese: *kʰˤu[n]-s

Middle Chinese: khwonH

困
1645
khốn
to surround, besiege
困苦
困頓
khốn khổ
khốn đốn
miserable, wretched
poverty-stricken, miserable

閫
1646
khổn
threshold
閫範
khổn phạm
model of womanhood

疹

fever

Old Chinese: *tʰrə[n]-s

Middle Chinese: trhinH

診
1647
chẩn
examine patient, diagnose
會診
診治
hội chẩn
chẩn trị
to hold a consultation
diagnose and treat

珍
1648
trân
precious, valuable, rare
珍珠
珍珠港
trân châu
trân châu cảng
pearl
Pearl Harbor

赤

red

Old Chinese: *[t-qʰ](r)Ak

Middle Chinese: tsyhek

赦
1649
xá
forgive, remit, pardon
特赦
大赦
đặc xá
đại xá
grant (someone) a special reprieve, give someone amnesty
general amnesty

赤
1650
xích
red
赤道
赤兔
xích đạo
xích thố
equator
red-haired horse

鳥

bird

Old Chinese: *tˤiwʔ

Middle Chinese: tewX

鳥
1651
điểu
bird
飛鳥
phi điểu
birds

島
1652
đảo
island
島國
海島
đảo quốc
hải đảo
island country, island nation
island

敖

1: tall

Old Chinese: *[ŋ]ˤaw

Middle Chinese: ngaw

2: saunter about

Old Chinese: *ŋˤaw

Middle Chinese: ngaw

遨
1653
ngao
ramble, roam
遨遊
ngao du
to travel, roam, stroll about, wander about for pleasure

傲
1654
ngạo
proud, haughty, overbearing
高傲
驕傲
cao ngạo
kiêu ngạo
proud, arrogant
arrogant, haughty, proud

泉

spring, source

Old Chinese: *s-N-ɢʷar (MC I!)

Middle Chinese: dzjwen

線
1655
tuyến
thread, line, wire
無線
緯線
vô tuyến
vĩ tuyến
radio; wireless
(line of) latitude, parallel

泉
1656
tuyền
spring, fountain
黃泉
溫泉
hoàng tuyền
ôn tuyền
styx, hades, nether world
hot springs

幼

young

Old Chinese: *[ʔ](r)iw-s

Middle Chinese: 'jiwH

窈
1657
yểu
obscure, secluded
窈窕
yểu điệu
graceful

幼
1658
ấu
infant, young child
幼蟲
幼稚
ấu trùng
ấu trĩ
larva
childish, childlike, infantile, inexperienced, young

耳

1: ear

Old Chinese: *C.nəʔ

Middle Chinese: nyiX

2: =而已 “that’s all”

Old Chinese: *nəʔ

Middle Chinese: nyiX

耳
1659
nhĩ
ear
木耳
逆耳
mộc nhĩ
nghịch nhĩ
Jew’s ear
unpleasant to the ears, unacceptable

恥
1660
sỉ
shame, humiliation
廉恥
羞恥
liêm sỉ
tu sỉ
(sense of) decency; decent, modest
shame

臭

1: odor, to stink (intransitive)?

Old Chinese: *t-qʰu(ʔ)-s

Middle Chinese: tsyhuwH

2: odor, to stink (intransitive)?

Old Chinese: *qʰu(ʔ)-s

Middle Chinese: xjuwH

嗅
1661
khứu
smell, scent, sniff
嗅覺
khứu giác
(sense of) smell

臭
1662
xú
smell, stink, emit foul odor
臭氣
xú khí
stench, stink, offensive smell, strong odor

聖

sage (n.)

Old Chinese: *l̥eŋ-s

Middle Chinese: syengH

聖
1663
thánh
holy, sacred
聖地
聖歌
thánh địa
thánh ca
the holy land
hymn

聽
1664
thính
hear, listen
聽覺
聽者
thính giác
thính giả
hearing
listener, audience

隹

a kind of bird

Old Chinese: *tur

Middle Chinese: tsywij

錐
1665
chùy
gimlet, awl, drill, auger
稜錐
lăng chùy
pyramid

推
1666
suy
push, expel
推論
推演
suy luận
suy diễn
to reason, think, deduce; reasoning
to deduce, conclude, infer

往

go to

Old Chinese: *ɢʷaŋʔ

Middle Chinese: hjwangX

枉
1667
uổng
useless, in vain
枉費
枉死
uổng phí
uổng tử
to waste, squander
to die due to injustice

往
1668
vãng
go, depart
往來
已往
vãng lai
dĩ vãng
to come and go, go back and forth, frequent
past, former times

陳

1: arrange

Old Chinese: *lri[n]

Middle Chinese: drin

2: battle array

Old Chinese: *lri[n]-s

Middle Chinese: drinH

陳
1669
trần
exhibit, display
陳情
陳皮
trần tình
trần bì
to make clear, set forth, petition
dried tangerine skin (as a medicine)

陣
1670
trận
column, row or file of troops
敗陣
陣線
bại trận
trận tuyến
defeated (army)
front line, firing line

賴

depend on

Old Chinese: *rˤa[t]-s

Middle Chinese: lajH

賴
1671
lại
rely, depend on
倚賴
依賴
ỷ lại
ỷ lại
to depend, rely on others
to depend, rely on others

獺
1672
thát
otter
海獺
hải thát
sea lion

而

and, but

Old Chinese: *nə

Middle Chinese: nyi

而
1673
nhi
and
三十而立
形而上學
tam thập nhi lập
hình nhi thượng học
at thirty, one forms one’s character
metaphysics

耐
1674
nại
endure, bear
忍耐
nhẫn nại
to endure, be patient

朋

set of cowries; friend

Old Chinese: *[b]ˤəŋ

Middle Chinese: bong

崩
1675
băng
rupture, split apart, collapse
崩壞
băng hoại
collapse

朋
1676
bằng
friend, pal, acquaintance
親朋
朋友
thân bằng
bằng hữu
friends
friends

蟲

insect

Old Chinese: *C.lruŋ

Middle Chinese: drjuwng

融
1677
dung
melt, fuse
融合
dung hợp
amalgamate, fusion

蟲
1678
trùng
worms
精蟲
成蟲
tinh trùng
thành trùng
sperm, spermatozoon
(insect) imago

菐

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: boːɡ

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: puɡ

僕
1679
bộc
slave, servant, I
公僕
奴僕
công bộc
nô bộc
public servant
slave, servant

樸
1680
phác
simple, honest
質樸
淳樸
chất phác
thuần phác
plain, simple, down to earth
frank, open, guileless, unsophisticated, simple

卑

1: low, humble

Old Chinese: *pe

Middle Chinese: pjie

2: 鮮卑 *s[a]r.pe Xiānbēi

Old Chinese: *pe

Middle Chinese: pjie

牌
1681
bài
signboard, placard
牌位
招牌
bài vị
chiêu bài
ancestral tablets, memorial
signboard, label, hint statement

卑
1682
ti
humble, low, inferior
卑賤
ti tiện
mean, lease

尼

1: to stop

Old Chinese: *nˤərʔ

Middle Chinese: nejX

2: to stop, obstruct

Old Chinese: *nˤərʔ-s

Middle Chinese: nejH

3: near, close

Old Chinese: *nr[əj]

Middle Chinese: nrij

尼
1683
ni
Buddhist nun
僧尼
尼姑
tăng ni
ni cô
Buddhist clergy (monks and nuns)
Buddhist nun

泥
1684
nệ
mud, mire
泥古
拘泥
nệ cổ
câu nệ
to stick to tradition
overly formal

毛

hair

Old Chinese: *C.mˤaw

Middle Chinese: maw

耗
1685
hao
consume, use up
耗損
耗費
hao tổn
hao phí
to waste, squander
to waste; to spend

毛
1686
mao
hair, fur, feathers
毛澤東
陰毛
mao trạch đông
âm mao
Mao Tse Tung
pubic hair

田

field; to hunt

Old Chinese: *lˤiŋ

Middle Chinese: den

田
1687
điền
field, arable land, cultivated
鹽田
田產
diêm điền
điền sản
salt marsh
real and personal estate

甸
1688
điện
suburbs of capital
緬甸
miến điện
Burma

躬

body, person

Old Chinese: *k(r)uŋ

Middle Chinese: kjuwng

躬
1689
cung
body
聖躬
鞠躬
thánh cung
cúc cung
saint’s shrine
bow down, humble oneself

窮
1690
cùng
poor, destitute, impoverished
窮盡
窮困
cùng tận
cùng khốn
at lost, in the end
beggarly, wretched

敦

1: manage, direct

Old Chinese: *tˤur (dialect: *-r > *-j)

Middle Chinese: twoj

2: solid, thick

Old Chinese: *tˤur

Middle Chinese: twon

3: 敦煌 ~ 燉煌 Dūnhuáng

Old Chinese: *tˤur

Middle Chinese: twon

淳
1691
thuần
honest, simple, unsophisticated
淳樸
thuần phác
frank, open, guileless, unsophisticated, simple

敦
1692
đôn
esteem
敦厚
倫敦
đôn hậu
luân đôn
upright, honest
London

歲

year

Old Chinese: *s-qʷʰat-s

Middle Chinese: sjwejH

歲
1693
tuế
year
萬歲
vạn tuế
cycad; long life!

穢
1694
uế
dirty, unclean
污穢
ô uế
dirty, impure, filthy; filth

丯

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: kreːds

潔
1695
khiết
clean, purify, pure
廉潔
高潔
liêm khiết
cao khiết
honest, upright, honest
noble and pure, sage, sagacious, far-sighted, clear-sighted

契
1696
khế
deed, contract, bond
契約
khế ước
contract

伐

cut; strike; attack

Old Chinese: *m-pat

Middle Chinese: bjot

閥
1697
phiệt
powerful and influential group
軍閥
quân phiệt
military, militarist

伐
1698
phạt
cut down, subjugate, attack
征伐
弔伐
chinh phạt
điếu phạt
to mount a punitive expedition (against a smaller nation)
suppress rebels and save the people

翏

flying high (no pre-Han text)

Old Chinese: *[r]iw-s

Middle Chinese: ljuwH

膠
1699
giao
glue, gum, resin, rubber
阿膠
a giao
glue, gelatin

寥
1700
liêu
few, scarce
寂寥
tịch liêu
solitary, quiet

於

1: oh!

Old Chinese: *[ʔ]ˤa

Middle Chinese: 'u

2: at (locative preposition)

Old Chinese: *[ʔ]a

Middle Chinese: 'jo

於
1701
ư
in, at, on
過於
quá ư
excessive, extremely

淤
1702
ứ
mud, sediment
淤塞
ứ tắc
blocked, obstructed; to encumber, block up, jam

卜

divine (v.)

Old Chinese: *pˤok

Middle Chinese: puwk

卜
1703
bốc
fortune telling
占卜
chiêm bốc
to divine, cast lots

赴
1704
phó
go to
赴會
赴任
phó hội
phó nhậm
attend a meeting
proceed to one’s post

爾

1: numerous

Old Chinese: *nˤ[ə][r]ʔ

Middle Chinese: nejX

2: (adv. suffix)

Old Chinese: *n[ə][r]ʔ

Middle Chinese: nyeX

3: you(r)

Old Chinese: *n[ə][r]ʔ

Middle Chinese: nyeX

彌
1705
di
extensive, full
阿彌陀佛
a di đà phật
Amnida Buddha; thank heavens!

爾
1706
nhĩ
you
愛爾蘭
巴爾幹
ái nhĩ lan
ba nhĩ cán
Ireland, Irish, Eire
(the) Balkans

畺

boundary, limit

Old Chinese: *kaŋ

Middle Chinese: kjang

疆
1707
cương
boundary, border, frontier
疆界
封疆
cương giới
phong cương
border, frontier
border, frontier

薑
1708
khương
ginger
生薑
sinh khương
fresh ginger

丑

2d earthly branch

Old Chinese: *[n̥]ruʔ

Middle Chinese: trhjuwX

紐
1709
nữu
knot
紐約
nữu ước
New York

羞
1710
tu
disgrace, shame
羞恥
tu sỉ
shame

夭

delicate, slender

Old Chinese: *[ʔ](r)aw

Middle Chinese: 'jew

笑
1711
tiếu
smile, laugh, giggle
笑罵
tiếu mạ
mock, jeer, laugh at

妖
1712
yêu
strange, weird, supernatural
妖術
yêu thuật
sorcery

奚

1: why, what

Old Chinese: *[g]ˤe (dial. for 何 *[g]ˤaj?)

Middle Chinese: hej

2: slave, servant

Old Chinese: *[g]ˤe

Middle Chinese: hej

溪
1713
khê
mountain stream, creek
小溪
tiểu khê
small brook, streamlet, rivulet

雞
1714
kê
chickens
雞姦
kê gian
sodomy

乏

lack (v.)

Old Chinese: *[b](r)[o]p

Middle Chinese: bjop

泛
1715
phiếm
to drift, float
泛指
phiếm chỉ
refer in a general way to

乏
1716
phạp
lack
疲乏
bì phạp
tired, worn out, exhausted

家

household

Old Chinese: *kˤra

Middle Chinese: kae

家
1717
cô、gia
house, home, residence
婆家
家庭
專家
bà cô
gia đình
chuyên gia
one’s father
family, household
specialist, expert

嫁
1718
giá
to marry, give a daughter in marriage
下嫁
出嫁
hạ giá
xuất giá
to lower prices, devaluate, debase
get married

冎

cut meat from the bone

Old Chinese: *kʷˤrajʔ

Middle Chinese: kwaeX

禍
1719
họa
misfortune, calamity, disaster
災禍
大禍
tai họa
đại họa
disaster, catastrophe, calamity
crushing calamity

過
1720
qua、quá
pass, pass through, go across
通過
過時
過程
過去
thông qua
qua thì
quá trình
quá khứ
by, through, via; to approve, ratify, pass
be past the time
process, stage
the past

先

1: first

Old Chinese: *sˤər

Middle Chinese: sen

2: go first

Old Chinese: *sˤər-s

Middle Chinese: senH

先
1721
tiên、tiến
first, former, previous
優先
先鋒
先行
ưu tiên
tiên phong
tiến hành
prior; priority
vanguard, shock troops, pioneer; to pioneer
to advance, move forward, continue, carry out, execute, operate

洗
1722
tẩy
wash, rinse
洗腦
tẩy não
brain-wash

爲

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: ɢʷal

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: ɢʷal

3: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: ɢʷals

偽
1723
ngụy
false, counterfeit, bogus
偽裝
偽造
ngụy trang
ngụy tạo
to hide, camouflage, mask, disguise
to falsify, counterfeit, forge; counterfeit, made up, forged

為
1724
vi、vị
do, handle, govern, act
行為
人為
hành vi
nhân vị
act, action, deed, behavior, gesture; to behave, act
for man’s interests, for man’s sake

兓

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: sl'ɯm

潛
1725
tiềm
hide
潛能
潛力
tiềm năng
tiềm lực
potential, potentiality
potential

蠶
1726
tàm、tằm
silkworm
蠶食
蠶絲
tàm thực
tằm tơ
nibble, gnaw, get pickings out of occupy
silkworm

巽

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: sqʰuːns

撰
1727
soạn
compose, write, compile
編撰
biên soạn
to compile, edit, write

選
1728
tuyến、tuyển
choose, select
直選
選用
選舉
trực tuyến
tuyển dụng
tuyển cử
online, direct line, straight line
to select, recruit
to elect, elections

危

in danger

Old Chinese: *[ŋ](r)[o]j

Middle Chinese: ngjwe

危
1729
nguy
dangerous, precarious
危險
危害
nguy hiểm
nguy hại
dangerous, risky, perilous, awkward
dangerous, harmful, injurious, deleterious, unhealthy

詭
1730
ngụy、quỷ
deceive, cheat, defraud
詭計
詭辯
ngụy kế
quỷ biện
jugglery, trickery
sophist, sophism, fallacy

音

sound, tone

Old Chinese: *[q](r)əm

Middle Chinese: 'im

暗
1731
ám、ảm
dark
暗殺
暗指
暗淡
ám sát
ám chỉ
ảm đạm
to assassinate, murder; assassination
to allude to, hint at, insinuate, refer to, imply
sad, melancholy, gloomy, dark, dull, dreary, overcast

音
1732
âm
sound, tone, pitch, pronunciation
音樂
發音
âm nhạc
phát âm
music
pronunciation; to pronounce, articulate

徵

examine

Old Chinese: *trəŋ

Middle Chinese: tring

徵
1733
trung、trưng
summon, recruit
徵信
象徵
徵兆
trung tín
tượng trưng
trưng triệu
loyal, faithful, reliable, constant, constancy
symbolic, token; symbol; to symbolize, stand for
presage, omen, foreboding, augury, sign

懲
1734
trừng
punish, reprimand
懲罰
懲治
trừng phạt
trừng trị
to punish, discipline, penalize
to punish

囟

fontanel

Old Chinese: *[s]ə[r]-s

Middle Chinese: sinH

思
1735
tư、tứ
think, consider, ponder
思維
思想
構思
tư duy
tư tưởng
cấu tứ
thought, thinking
doctrine, ideology; idea, concept, thought
put ideas in order, make an outline (for an essay)

細
1736
tế
fine, tiny
細胞
精細
tế bào
tinh tế
cell (biology)
fine, precise, subtitle, discerning

異

different

Old Chinese: *ɢ(r)ək-s

Middle Chinese: yiH

異
1737
di、dị
different, unusual, strange
異動
異言
離異
奇異
di động
di ngôn
ly dị
kỳ dị
to move; mobile, portable, roaming
last words, last will
to divorce
strange, odd

翼
1738
dực
wings
右翼
左翼
hữu dực
tả dực
right wing, right flank (of an army)
left wing

食

1: eat

Old Chinese: *mə-lək

Middle Chinese: zyik

2: feed (v.)

Old Chinese: *s-m-lək-s

Middle Chinese: ziH

飾
1739
sức
decorate, ornament, adorn
服飾
修飾
phục sức
trang sức
clothing
to adorn, wear

食
1740
thực、tự
eat
飲食
日食
食量
ẩm thực
nhật thực
tự lượng
to eat and drink
solar eclipse
assess or estimate one’s strength

卬

1: high; lift high

Old Chinese: *[k.ŋ]ˤaŋ

Middle Chinese: ngang

2: I, me

Old Chinese: *ŋˤaŋ

Middle Chinese: ngang

迎
1741
nghinh、nghênh
receive, welcome, greet
迎戰
迎新
迎接
迎賓
nghinh chiến
nghinh tân
nghênh tiếp
nghênh tân
to intercept (one’s enemy)
welcome something new, receive visitors
welcome and entertain
to welcome (a guest)

仰
1742
ngưỡng
raise the head to look
仰慕
瞻仰
ngưỡng mộ
chiêm ngưỡng
to look up to, admire; admiration
to revere, worship

敫

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: kleːwɢs

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: ɢlewɢ

3: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: kleːwɢ

竅
1743
khiếu
hole, opening, aperture
七竅
thất khiếu
seven openings of one’s head (two eyes, two ears, two nostrils and a mouth)

激
1744
khích、kích
arouse, excite, incite
激動
憤激
激活
激戰
khích động
phẫn khích
kích hoạt
kích chiến
to excite, stir
be exasperated and indignant
to activate
to fight, combat

角

horn, corner

Old Chinese: *C.[k]ˤrok

Middle Chinese: kaewk

角
1745
giác、góc
horn
三角
角膜
角度
tam giác
giác mạc
góc độ
triangle, triangular
cornea
angle, point of view

斛
1746
hộc
dry measure equal to some five or ten dou (see 舒)
石斛
thạch hộc
dendrobium

山

mountain, hill

Old Chinese: *s-ŋrar

Middle Chinese: srean

山
1747
san、sơn
mountain, hill, peak
關山
山茶
泰山
quan san
sơn trà
thái sơn
frontier post and mountains, remote place, remote district
camellia
(name of a mountain in China)

仙
1748
tiên
Taoist super-being, transcendent, immortal
水仙
神仙
thủy tiên
thần tiên
narcissus
magic, enchanting; the immortals, the gods

喿

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: saːws

操
1749
thao、tháo
conduct, run, control, manage
操作
操縱
節操
thao tác
thao túng
tiết tháo
to operate, use
to hold and release, do as one pleases, sway, control
moral integrity

藻
1750
tảo
splendid, magnificent
海藻
硅藻
hải tảo
khuê tảo
algae
diatom

夅

submit

Old Chinese: *m-kˤru[ŋ] (? < *-[u]m)

Middle Chinese: haewng

降
1751
giáng、hàng
descend, fall, drop
降職
降級
投降
招降
giáng chức
giáng cấp
đầu hàng
chiêu hàng
to demote, reduce to a lower position
reduce to a lower rank (grade), demote
to surrender, submit, capitulate
to call for surrender

隆
1752
long
prosperous, plentiful, abundant
隆重
long trọng
festive and solemn, formal

車

1: chariot

Old Chinese: *[t.qʰ](r)A

Middle Chinese: tsyhae

2: chariot

Old Chinese: *C.q(r)a

Middle Chinese: kjo

庫
1753
kho、khố
armory, treasury, storehouse
庫藏
倉庫
國庫
kho tàng
thương khố
quốc khố
treasure; storehouse
granary, warehouse
treasury

車
1754
xa
cart, vehicle
軍車
火車
quân xa
hỏa xa
(military) train
train, railroad

參

1: accumulate

Old Chinese: r̥ˤəʔ

Middle Chinese: tshom

2: 參差 tsrhim.tsrhje uneven

Old Chinese: *[tsʰr][u]m

Middle Chinese: tsrhim

3: three

Old Chinese: *s.rum (*s.r- > s-; infl. by 四 *s-?)

Middle Chinese: sam

4: the constellation Orion’ (named for the three stars in Orion’s belt)

Old Chinese: *srum (should be *s.rum)

Middle Chinese: srim

參
1755
sâm、tam、tham
take part in, intervene
人參
海參崴
參軍
參加
參與
nhân sâm
hải sâm uy
tam quân
tham gia
tham dự
ginseng
Vladivostok
the three army forces (center, left and right wing)
to adhere, participate, take part, contribute to, attend; contribution, participation
to participate, take part, attend; participation

慘
1756
thảm
sad, pitiful, wretched
慘禍
悽慘
thảm họa
thê thảm
catastrophe, calamity, disaster, tragedy
depressing, mournful, utterly tragic, sorrowful, tragic, pitiful