Single-Exception Groups

These groups contain only 1 exceptional character pronunciation.

喬

high, tall

Old Chinese: *[N-k](r)aw

Middle Chinese: gjew

僑
148
kiều
sojourn, lodge
外僑
越僑
ngoại kiều
việt kiều
alien, foreigner, foreign national
Vietnamese resident, overseas Vietnamese
蕎
149
kiều
buckwheat
蕎麥
kiều mạch
buckwheat
嬌
150
kiều
seductive and loveable
嬌兒
kiều nhi
beloved daughter
橋
151
kiều
bridge
浮橋
phù kiều
floating bridge, pontoon

驕
152
kiêu
spirited horse
驕傲
驕矜
kiêu ngạo
kiêu căng
arrogant, haughty, proud
haughty, proud

成

1: to become (v.i.)

Old Chinese: *[d]eŋ

Middle Chinese: dzyeng

2: to complete (tr. v)

Old Chinese: *m-[d]eŋ

Middle Chinese: dzyeng

成
153
thành
completed, finished, fixed
成功
完成
thành công
hoàn thành
to succeed; be successful
to accomplish, carry out, complete, finish, end
誠
154
thành
sincere, honest
忠誠
誠心
trung thành
thành tâm
true, loyal, faithful
sincere, sincerity
城
155
thành
castle
內城
城市
nội thành
thành thị
a city’s inner areas, urban areas; inside a city
city, town

盛
156
thịnh
abundant, flourishing
盛行
繁盛
thịnh hành
phồn thịnh
popular, in vogue
prosperous, thriving

井

well (n.)

Old Chinese: *C.tseŋʔ

Middle Chinese: tsjengX

形
157
hình
form, shape, appearance
形式
形成
hình thức
hình thành
measure, dimension, means, form, formality, way, symptom
to take form or shape, come into being
型
158
hình
pattern, model, type
典型
成型
điển hình
thành hình
example, pattern; typical
to form up, take shape
刑
159
hình
punishment, penalty
刑事
體刑
hình sự
thể hình
criminal affairs
corporal punishment; athletic

耕
160
canh
plow, cultivate
耕作
耕種
canh tác
canh chủng
to cultivate; cultivation
to cultivate, farm, plant

番

1: martial

Old Chinese: *pˤar

Middle Chinese: pa

2: a turn, a time

Old Chinese: *pʰar

Middle Chinese: phjon

翻
161
phiên
flip over, upset, capsize
翻譯
翻版
phiên dịch
phiên bản
to translate
reproduction, version
番
162
phiên
to take turns
番號
輪番
phiên hiệu
luân phiên
number (of a unit)
to alternate, take turns; alternating, rotating
藩
163
phiên
fence
藩國
藩屬
phiên quốc
phiên thuộc
vassal state
vassal state

播
164
bá
sow, spread
傳播
播音
truyền bá
bá âm
to broadcast, disseminate, spread, propagate
to broadcast

又

also, in addition

Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷəʔ-s

Middle Chinese: hjuwH

有
165
hữu
have, own, possess
現有
有機
hiện hữu
hữu cơ
existent, existing, present
organic
友
166
hữu
friend, companion
友誼
故友
hữu nghị
cố hữu
friendship
(1) old friend; (2) innate, natural; (3) chronic, always existing
右
167
hữu
right
左右
右翼
tả hữu
hữu dực
left and right, entourage, advisers, friends, relations, circle
right wing, right flank (of an army)

賄
168
hối
bribe
賄賂
hối lộ
to bribe, corrupt; bribe, bribery

王

1: king

Old Chinese: *ɢʷaŋ

Middle Chinese: hjwang

2: be king

Old Chinese: *ɢʷaŋ-s

Middle Chinese: hjwangH

皇
169
hoàng
royal, imperial
皇家
皇子
hoàng gia
hoàng tử
royal family, imperial family
prince
煌
170
hoàng
bright, shining, luminous
輝煌
huy hoàng
brilliant, splendid, resplendent
凰
171
hoàng
female phoenix
鳳凰
phượng hoàng
male phoenix and female phoenix-phoenix

王
172
vương
king, ruler
王國
國王
vương quốc
quốc vương
kingdom, realm, sultanate
sultan, caliph, shah, emir, king

馬

horse

Old Chinese: *mˤraʔ

Middle Chinese: maeX

馬
173
mã
horse
馬力
河馬
mã lực
hà mã
horse-power
hippopotamus
碼
174
mã
number, numerals
解碼
密碼
giải mã
mật mã
decode
code, cipher, cryptography, encryption, password
瑪
175
mã
agate
瑪瑙
mã não
agate

罵
176
mạ
accuse, blame, curse, scold
辱罵
笑罵
nhục mạ
tiếu mạ
to insult, abuse
mock, jeer, laugh at

列

tear apart; rank

Old Chinese: *[r][e]t

Middle Chinese: ljet

烈
177
liệt
fiery, violent, vehement, ardent
烈士
酷烈
liệt sĩ
khốc liệt
martyr, hero, war dead
violent, fierce
列
178
liệt
a line
分列
數列
phân liệt
số liệt
split, divide
series of numbers
裂
179
liệt
split, crack, break open
分裂
phân liệt
split, divide

例
180
lệ
precedent, example
通例
案例
thông lệ
án lệ
general rule, routine
jurisprudence, legal procedure, law, legal precedent, case law

夾

press between

Old Chinese: *kˤep

Middle Chinese: keap

俠
181
hiệp
chivalrous person
俠士
俠客
hiệp sĩ
hiệp khách
knight
knight
挾
182
hiệp
clasp under arm
挾制
hiệp chế
to coerce, force
夾
183
hiệp
be wedged or inserted between
夾擊
hiệp kích
to stage a joint attack

峽
184
giáp
gorge, strait, ravine
三峽
tam giáp
the three first candidates in the three kinds of examinations

焦

1: burn, scorch

Old Chinese: *S.tew

Middle Chinese: tsjew

2: Jiao (place name)

Old Chinese: *S.tew

Middle Chinese: tsjew

焦
185
tiêu
burned, scorched
焦點
tiêu điểm
focus; to focus
蕉
186
tiêu
banana
芭蕉
ba tiêu
banana tree
礁
187
tiêu
reef
暗礁
ám tiêu
reef (of rocks)

樵
188
tiều
woodcutter
樵夫
tiều phu
hewer, woodcutter, woodsman, lumberjack

次

1: lodge (v.)

Old Chinese: *[s-n̥]i[j]-s

Middle Chinese: tshijH

2: put in order; second

Old Chinese: *[s-n̥]i[j]-s

Middle Chinese: tshijH

資
189
tư
property
投資
資料
đầu tư
tư liệu
investment; to invest
material, documentation
姿
190
tư
one's manner, carriage, bearing
風姿
姿勢
phong tư
tư thế
figure, carriage, bearing
posture, position

次
191
thứ
order, sequence
次序
次要
thứ tự
thứ yếu
order, position
minor, unimportant, secondary

求

seek

Old Chinese: *[g](r)u

Middle Chinese: gjuw

球
192
cầu
ball, sphere, globe
球手
氣球
cầu thủ
khí cầu
ball player
balloon, air-ship
求
193
cầu
seek
供求
求救
cung cầu
cầu cứu
supply and demand
to ask for help, seek help

救
194
cứu
save, rescue, relieve
解救
救助
giải cứu
cứu trợ
to save, rescue
aid, assistance; to aid, help, assist, relieve

皆

all

Old Chinese: *kˤrij

Middle Chinese: keaj

階
195
giai
stairs, steps
階段
階級
giai đoạn
giai cấp
stage, period, phase
class, grade
偕
196
giai
together
偕老
giai lão
grow old together (as husband and wife)

諧
197
hài
harmonize, agree
諧和
詼諧
hài hòa
khôi hài
harmonious; harmony
funny, comic, humorous; to jest, joke

需

wait

Old Chinese: *s-no

Middle Chinese: sju

需
198
nhu
need, require, must
需求
需要
nhu cầu
nhu yếu
need, requirement; to need, want
of prime necessity, necessary; to need
懦
199
nhu
weak, timid, cowardly
懦弱
nhu nhược
feeble, faint, weak

儒
200
nho
Confucian scholar
儒教
儒生
nho giáo
nho sinh
Confucianism
student of Confucianism

人

(other) person

Old Chinese: *ni[ŋ]

Middle Chinese: nyin

人
201
nhân
man
個人
病人
cá nhân
bệnh nhân
personal, private, individual; personally
sick person, patient
仁
202
nhân
humaneness, benevolence, kindness
仁政
成仁
nhân chính
thành nhân
humane policy
to sacrifice one’s life for a good cause

千
203
thiên
thousand
千年
千里
thiên niên
thiên lý
millennium
(1) thousand mile road, highway; (2) type of vine

倝

sunrise (Shuowen)

Old Chinese: *[k]ˤar-s

Middle Chinese: kanH

韓
204
hàn
fence
韓國
南韓
hàn quốc
nam hàn
Korea
South Korea
翰
205
hàn
writing brush, pen, pencil
翰林
翰林院
hàn lâm
hàn lâm viện
academic tile; academy
academy

乾
206
càn
dry
乾坤
càn khôn
heaven and earth, universe

是

this

Old Chinese: *[d]eʔ

Middle Chinese: dzyeX

題
207
đề
forehead
主題
題材
chủ đề
đề tài
topic, subject
subject, topic, issue
提
208
đề
hold in hand
提議
提出
đề nghị
đề xuất
to propose, suggest, offer; proposal, suggestion
to propose, put forward (for discussion)

是
209
thị
indeed, yes, right
實事求是
thực sự cầu thị
to wholeheartedly seek the truth

呈

to manifest

Old Chinese: *lreŋ

Middle Chinese: drjeng

程
210
trình
journey, trip
工程
行程
công trình
hành trình
to work; undertaking, engineering, (literary) work, project
trip, journey, route, itinerary, agenda
呈
211
trình
submit, show
呈報
trình báo
to report

鐵
212
thiết
iron (element 26, Fe)
鐵甲
鐵甲艦
thiết giáp
thiết giáp hạm
armor, armored
battleship, ironclad

首

1: head

Old Chinese: *l̥uʔ

Middle Chinese: syuwX

2: turn the head towards

Old Chinese: *l̥uʔ-s

Middle Chinese: syuwH

導
213
đạo
direct, guide, lead, conduct
指導
嚮導
chỉ đạo
hướng đạo
to guide, steer, lead the way, instruct (sb to do sth); leading
guide, show the way
道
214
đạo
path, road, street
道德
人道
đạo đức
nhân đạo
morals, morality, virtue, goodness, ethics
humanitarian; humanity, humane

首
215
thủ
head
首都
元首
thủ đô
nguyên thủ
capital city
chief, head of state

登

1: a kind of sacrificial vessel

Old Chinese: *k-tˤəŋ

Middle Chinese: tong

2: ascend

Old Chinese: *tˤəŋ

Middle Chinese: tong

登
216
đăng
rise, mount, board, climb
登載
登入
đăng tải
đăng nhập
to carry, publish (in a paper)
to log in (computer)
燈
217
đăng
lantern, lamp
花燈
華燈
hoa đăng
hoa đăng
flower garlands and colored lanterns
flower garlands and colored lanterns

證
218
chứng
proof, evidence
證券
憑證
chứng khoán
bằng chứng
securities, bonds, stocks, shares, certificates
evidence, proof, exhibit, witness

原

1: spring, source; origin

Old Chinese: *N-ɢʷar

Middle Chinese: ngjwon

2: high plain (n.)

Old Chinese: *N-ɢʷar

Middle Chinese: ngjwon

原
219
nguyên
source, origin, beginning
原因
原則
nguyên nhân
nguyên tắc
cause, factor, reason
principle, fundamental, rule; principle, fundamental
源
220
nguyên
spring
水源
詞源
thủy nguyên
từ nguyên
source
etymology

願
221
nguyện
desire, want
意願
遂願
ý nguyện
toại nguyện
prayer, wish, desire, aspiration
to have reached the summit of one’s hopes

來

1: a kind of wheat

Old Chinese: *mə.rˤək (> *mə.rˤə)

Middle Chinese: loj

2: come

Old Chinese: *mə.rˤək (> *rˤə)

Middle Chinese: loj

來
222
lai
come, coming
將來
馬來
tương lai
mã lai
future
Malay
萊
223
lai
goosefoot, weed
蓬萊
bồng lai
fairyland, fantasy world

麥
224
mạch
wheat, barley, oats
麥芽
蕎麥
mạch nha
kiều mạch
malt
buckwheat

辡

criminals accusing one another (Shuōwén)

Old Chinese: *prenʔ

Middle Chinese: pjenX

辦
225
biện、bạn
manage, do, handle
辦法
幫辦
辦學
biện pháp
bang biện
bạn học
measure, action, method, means, procedure
assistant district chief, government clerk
schoolmate, classmate, school friend
辨
226
biện
distinguish, discriminate
辨明
辨別
biện minh
biện biết
to explain, justify, clarify
to distinguish, discriminate, separate, discern
辯
227
biện
dispute, argue, debate, discuss
辯明
辯護
biện minh
biện hộ
to explain, justify, clarify
to defend, plead, apologize; defense (legal)

亘

1: turn around, turn back

Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷˤar

Middle Chinese: hwan

2: turn around

Old Chinese: *s-[q]ʷar

Middle Chinese: sjwen

3: 阿會亘 ēhuìxuān: Skt. ābhāsvara ‘shining’ (E. Hàn)

Old Chinese: *swar (< *s-[q]ʷar)

Middle Chinese: sjwen

喧
228
huyên
lively, noisy
喧鬧
huyên náo
noisy, loud, clamorous
萱
229
huyên
day-lily, Hemerocallis flava
萱堂
huyên đường
mother

宣
230
tuyên
declare, announce, proclaim
宣布
宣誓
tuyên bố
tuyên thệ
to declare, state, announce
to swear, vow, take an oath

明

bright

Old Chinese: *mraŋ

Middle Chinese: mjaeng

明
231
minh
bright, light, brilliant
聰明
證明
thông minh
chứng minh
intelligent, clever, smart
to prove, demonstrate
盟
232
minh
swear
聯盟
同盟
liên minh
đồng minh
to unite, allied, alliance
alliance, league; allies

萌
233
manh
bud, sprout
萌芽
manh nha
germ, sprout

侖

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: run

論
234
luân、luận
debate
論理學
評論
結論
luân lý học
bình luận
kết luận
(the field of) logic, ethics, moral philosophy
to comment, criticize, editorialize; commentary, editorial
to conclude, end; conclusion
輪
235
luân
wheel
輪轉
輪番
luân chuyển
luân phiên
to rotate
to alternate, take turns; alternating, rotating
倫
236
luân
normal human relationships
倫理
倫敦
luân lý
luân đôn
moral, ethic, principle
London

丂

to sob

Old Chinese: *C.qʰˤuʔ (Shuōwén; no pre-Qín exx.)

Middle Chinese: khawX

考
237
khảo
examine, test
考察
參考
khảo sát
tham khảo
to study, do research, examine, investigate, explore; investigation, poll, study
reference; to review, refer, consult
拷
238
khảo
torture and interrogate
拷問
拷打
khảo vấn
khảo đả
question closely (cadidaties)
torture

巧
239
xảo
skillful, ingenious, clever
技巧
巧手
kỹ xảo
xảo thủ
high skill, high technique
skilled worker, skillful craftsman

因

rely on

Old Chinese: *ʔi[n]

Middle Chinese: 'jin

因
240
nhân
cause, reason
因素
因公
nhân tố
nhân công
factor
labor, workers
姻
241
nhân
relatives by marriage
姻緣
婚姻
nhân duyên
hôn nhân
predestined affinity, predestined marital union
marriage

恩
242
ân
kindness, mercy, charity
恩情
恩人
ân tình
ân nhân
feeling of gratitude, grace, graciousness
benefactor, beneficiary

化

transform

Old Chinese: *qʷʰˤaj-s

Middle Chinese: xwaeH

化
243
hóa
change, convert, reform
消化
老化
tiêu hóa
lão hóa
to digest, assimilate; digestion; digestive
to get old, age
貨
244
hóa
goods, commodities, products
現貨
貨物
hiện hóa
hóa vật
goods in stock, available goods
merchandise, goods, commodities

花
245
hoa
flower
花旗
花魁
hoa kỳ
hoa khôi
United States, America
beautiful woman, beauty queen, belle

冓

中冓 inner chamber

Old Chinese: *kˤ(r)o-s

Middle Chinese: kuwH

構
246
cấu
frame, building, structure
機構
結構
cơ cấu
kết cấu
mechanism, framework, structure
composition, structure, structuring
媾
247
cấu
marry
交媾
giao cấu
to copulate, couple, have sexual intercourse

講
248
giảng
explain
開講
講堂
khai giảng
giảng đường
to open (a school), begin (a course), start a new term
auditorium, amphitheater, lecture room

离

mountain demon

Old Chinese: *r̥aj

Middle Chinese: trhje

離
249
ly
leave, depart
隔離
離婚
cách ly
ly hôn
to separate, isolate
divorce
籬
250
ly
bamboo or wooden fence
藩籬
phiên ly
bamboo fence, barrier

璃
251
lê
glass
玻璃
pha lê
crystal, glass

午

1: 7th earthly branch

Old Chinese: *[m].qʰˤaʔ

Middle Chinese: nguX

2: resist; cross-wise

Old Chinese: *m-qʰˤaʔ

Middle Chinese: nguX

禦
252
ngự
defend, resist, hold out against
防禦
phòng ngự
to defend
御
253
ngự
drive, ride
御醫
ngự y
royal physician

許
254
hứa
allow, permit
許婚
hứa hôn
to engage, betroth

侯

feudal lord

Old Chinese: *[g]ˤ(r)o

Middle Chinese: huw

喉
255
hầu
throat, gullet, larynx
白喉
喉音
bạch hầu
hầu âm
diphtheria
laryngeal
侯
256
hầu
marquis, lord
王侯
諸侯
vương hầu
chư hầu
grand duke, prince, aristocracy, nobility
satellite (country), vassal, follower

候
257
hậu
wait
氣候學
氣候
khí hậu học
khí hậu
climatology
climate

彗

broom; comet

Old Chinese: *s-[ɢ]ʷe[t]-s

Middle Chinese: zjwejH

慧
258
tuệ
bright, intelligent
智慧
trí tuệ
intelligence, knowledge
彗
259
tuệ
broomstick
彗星
tuệ tinh
comet

雪
260
tuyết
snow
冰雪
白雪
băng tuyết
bạch tuyết
ice and snow; purity, be pure
Snow White

魚

fish (n.)

Old Chinese: *[r.ŋ]a

Middle Chinese: ngjo

漁
261
ngư
to fish
漁民
漁業
ngư dân
ngư nghiệp
fisherman
fish-breeding, fishery
魚
262
ngư
fish
魚雷
鮑魚
ngư lôi
bào ngư
torpedo
abalone

蘇
263
tô
revive, resurrect
蘇木
紫蘇
tô mộc
tía tô
sapan-wood
perilla

允

truly

Old Chinese: *[l]u[r]ʔ

Middle Chinese: ywinX

俊
264
tuấn
talented, capable
英俊
俊傑
anh tuấn
tuấn kiệt
eminent, distinguished, intelligent and handsome
talent
駿
265
tuấn
excellent horse, noble steed
駿馬
tuấn mã
swift horse, excellent horse, noble horse

酸
266
toan
tart, sour
胃酸
vị toan
gastric juice

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: ʔslɯː

裁
267
tài
cut out
制裁
獨裁
chế tài
độc tài
sanction
dictatorial, dictatorship
栽
268
tài
to cultivate, plant
栽培
tài bồi
cultivate, improve (the mind)

載
269
tải
load
過載
載重
quá tải
tải trọng
overloading, overloaded
loading capacity

侵

invade

Old Chinese: *[tsʰ][i]m

Middle Chinese: tshim

寢
270
tẩm
sleep, rest
陵寢
lăng tẩm
imperial tomb, royal tombs
浸
271
tẩm
soak, immerse, dip, percolate
浸染
tẩm nhiễm
to acquire bad habits, infect, contaminate, pollute, corrupt

侵
272
xâm
invade, encroach upon, raid
侵入
侵犯
xâm nhập
xâm phạm
to infiltrate, penetrate, break into
to violate, transgress, infringe, encroach

敝

destroy; worn out

Old Chinese: *[b]e[t]-s

Middle Chinese: bjiejH

幣
273
tệ
currency, coins, legal tender
人民幣
貨幣
nhân dân tệ
hóa tệ
people’s currency (Chinese currency), renminbi
currency
弊
274
tệ
evil, wrong, bad
弊端
tệ đoan
corruption, social evil

蔽
275
tế
cover, hide, conceal
隱蔽
ẩn tế
covered up

巨

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: ɡaʔ

拒
276
cự
ward off with hand, defend
拒絕
抗拒
cự tuyệt
kháng cự
to refuse, reject decline
resist, offer resistance
巨
277
cự
large, great, enormous
巨擘
巨大
cự phách
cự đại
celebrity, prominent figure
big, great, gigantic

矩
278
củ
carpenter's square, ruler, rule
規矩
quy củ
standard, norm

夫

1: man

Old Chinese: *p(r)a

Middle Chinese: pju

2: this, that

Old Chinese: *[b]a

Middle Chinese: bju

3: final particle

Old Chinese: *ba

Middle Chinese: bju

夫
279
phu
man, male adult, husband
夫人
工夫
phu nhân
công phu
lady, duchess, mistress
toil, labor; laboriously
伕
280
phu
common laborer
馬伕
mã phu
groom, stableman

扶
281
phù
support, help
扶桑
扶持
phù tang
phù trì
Japan (literary) / lead the cortege
to assist, help

云

say

Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷə[r]

Middle Chinese: hjun

云
282
vân
say, speak
云云
vân vân
et cetera, and so on
雲
283
vân
clouds
雲英
星雲
vân anh
tinh vân
mica
nebula (astronomy), nebulosity

魂
284
hồn
soul, spirit
迷魂
還魂
mê hồn
hoàn hồn
to lose one’s reason; fascinating, charming, enchanting
to recover from a shock, regain consciousness, come to

章

brilliant; distinctive mark; to display

Old Chinese: *taŋ

Middle Chinese: tsyang

障
285
chướng
separate
障礙
障礙物
chướng ngại
chướng ngại vật
object, obstacle, obstruction
barricade, barrier, object, obstacle, obstruction
瘴
286
chướng
malaria pestilential vapors
瘴氣
chướng khí
miasma

章
287
chương
composition
勛章
huân chương
medal, decoration

昷

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: quːn

溫
288
ôn
lukewarm, warm
溫習
溫和
ôn tập
ôn hòa
to review for one’s exams
formal, moderate, temperate, calm, poised, peaceful, non-violent
瘟
289
ôn
epidemic, plague, pestilence
瘟疫
ôn dịch
epidemic, plague

蘊
290
uẩn
collect, gather, store
蘊藏
uẩn tàng
to hoard, collect, hold

射

1: shoot; archer

Old Chinese: *Cə.lAk-s

Middle Chinese: zyaeH

2: hit with bow and arrow

Old Chinese: *Cə.lAk

Middle Chinese: zyek

射
291
xạ
shoot, eject, issue forth, emit
反射
照射
phản xạ
chiếu xạ
to reflect, react; reflection, reaction
to irradiate
麝
292
xạ
musk deer
麝香
xạ hương
musk

謝
293
tạ
thank
感謝
謝世
cảm tạ
tạ thế
to thank, express one’s gratitude
to die, pass away

州

islet in stream; province

Old Chinese: *tu

Middle Chinese: tsyuw

洲
294
châu
continent
亞洲
非洲
á châu
phi châu
Asia, Asian, Asian continent
Africa, African continent
州
295
châu
administrative division, state
本州
九州
bản châu
cửu châu
Honshu (region of Japan)
Kyushu (region of Japan)

酬
296
thù
toast
酬謝
酬勞
thù tạ
thù lao
thank, give thanks to, return sb’s kindness
reward, compensation, remuneration

乇

plant leaves

Old Chinese: *tˤrak

Middle Chinese: traek

託
297
thác
entrust, rely on
委託
寄託
ủy thác
ký thác
to confide, entrust, delegate, vest (authority, power)
to entrust, deposit, trust, confide
托
298
thác
to hold up with palm
付托
假托
phó thác
giả thác
to trust, entrust, confide
make invented excuses for

宅
299
trạch
residence, dwelling, home
家宅
gia trạch
house, domicile, abode, farmstead

它

another

Old Chinese: *l̥ˤaj

Middle Chinese: tha

駝
300
đà
a camel
駱駝
lạc đà
camel
陀
301
đà
steep bank, rough terrain
阿彌陀佛
a di đà phật
Amnida Buddha; thank heavens!

蛇
302
xà
snake
蟒蛇
蛇矛
mãng xà
xà mâu
python
lance, spear

賓

guest

Old Chinese: *pi[n]

Middle Chinese: pjin

賓
303
tân
guest, visitor
賓主
禮賓
tân chủ
lễ tân
guest and host
protocol
濱
304
tân
beach, sea coast
海濱
hải tân
seaside

嬪
305
tần
court lady
妃嬪
phi tần
royal concubines

俞

yes, agree; satisfied, at ease

Old Chinese: *lo

Middle Chinese: yu

喻
306
dụ
metaphor, analogy
諷喻
隱喻
phúng dụ
ẩn dụ
allegory
metaphor
諭
307
dụ
proclaim, instruct
詔諭
chiếu dụ
imperial order

輸
308
du
transport, carry, haul
輸入
du nhập
to enter, be introduced to, import

黑

black

Old Chinese: *m̥ˤək (dialect *m̥ˤ- > xˤ-)

Middle Chinese: xok

默
309
mặc
silent
沉默
幽默
trầm mặc
u mặc
taciturn
funny, humorous
墨
310
mặc
ink
筆墨
bút mặc
pen and ink, literature

黑
311
hắc
black
黑素
黑海
hắc tố
hắc hải
melanin (pigment found in skin, hair, fur, and feathers)
Black Sea

巴

1: snake

Old Chinese: *pˤra

Middle Chinese: pae

2: [place name]

Old Chinese: *pˤra

Middle Chinese: pae

巴
312
ba
greatly desire, anxiously hope
巴黎
巴西
ba lê
ba tây
Paris / ballet
Brazil, Brazilian
芭
313
ba
plantain or banana palm
芭蕉
ba tiêu
banana tree

琶
314
bà
guitar-like instrument
琵琶
tỳ bà
Chinese four-chord lute

延

extend

Old Chinese: *la[n]

Middle Chinese: yen

涎
315
diên
saliva
龍涎香
long diên hương
ambergris
延
316
diên
delay, postpone, defer
外延
ngoại diên
denotation, extension

誕
317
đản
to bear children, give birth
聖誕
荒誕
thánh đản
hoang đản
saint’s birthday
fantastic exaggeration

般

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: praːn

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: paːn

3: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: baːn

盤
318
bàn
tray, plate, dish
羅盤
沙盤
la bàn
sa bàn
compass
model
槃
319
bàn
tray
涅槃
nát bàn
nirvana

般
320
bát
sort, manner, kind, category
般若
bát nhã
(Buddhism) prajna, enlightenment

玄

dark

Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷˤi[n]

Middle Chinese: hwen

玄
321
huyền
deep, profound, abstruse
玄機
玄孫
huyền cơ
huyền tôn
a mysterious and crucial point
great-grandson
弦
322
huyền
string
下弦
續弦
hạ huyền
tục huyền
last quarter of the moon
to remarry

炫
323
huyễn
shine, glitter
炫耀
huyễn diệu
show, be showy, be gaudy

普

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: pʰaːʔ

普
324
phổ
universal, general, widespread
普遍
普通
phổ biến
phổ thông
to distribute, diffuse, make public, announce, spread, disseminate; popular, widespread, universal
general, common, universal, popular; compulsory education
譜
325
phả、phổ
register, list, table
家譜
族譜
樂譜
gia phả
tộc phả
nhạc phổ
family annals (records), family register
family register
music book, score book

謠

sing; song

Old Chinese: *law

Middle Chinese: yew

搖
326
dao、diêu
wag, swing, wave
搖動
飄搖
dao động
phiêu diêu
to shake, swing, oscillate, vary, waver, fluctuate
float (in the dreamland)
謠
327
dao
sing
歌謠
謠言
ca dao
dao ngôn
folk song
rumor

威

awe-inspiring

Old Chinese: *ʔuj

Middle Chinese: 'jw+j

威
328
oai、uy
pomp, power
耀武揚威
挪威
威力
diệu võ dương oai
na uy
uy lực
show off strength
Norway
power, authority, influence
崴
329
uy
high, lofty
海參崴
hải sâm uy
Vladivostok

杀

殺
330
sát、ái
kill, slaughter, murder
殺害
殺人
情殺
sát hại
sát nhân
tình ái
to kill, murder, assassinate
murder, homicide
love, affection, passion
煞
331
sát
malignant deity
煞氣
sát khí
murderous air look

毌

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: koːn

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: koːns

貫
332
quan、quán
a string of 1000 coins
鄉貫
一貫
本貫
hương quan
nhất quán
bản quán
native land, home village
consistent; consistence
native village, home town
慣
333
quán
habit, custom
習慣
慣性
tập quán
quán tính
habit, manner, custom, practice
inertia

尞

burnt offering

Old Chinese: *[r][a]w-s

Middle Chinese: ljewH

療
334
liêu、liệu
be healed, cured, recover
物理療法
治療
vật lý liêu pháp
trị liệu
physiotherapy
cure, remedy, treatment; to cure; therapeutic
僚
335
liêu
companion, colleague
官僚
同僚
quan liêu
đồng liêu
authoritative, bureaucratic; bureaucracy, officialdom, the government
colleague, fellow-teacher

老

old

Old Chinese: *C.rˤuʔ

Middle Chinese: lawX

老
336
lão
old, aged
長老
月老
trưởng lão
nguyệt lão
elder, senior, presbyter
the old man in the moon, god of marriages
姥
337
lão、mẫu
maternal grandmother
姥姥
老姥
姥姥
lão mẫu
lão mẫu
lão mẫu
old mother
old mother
old mother

奧

1: southwest corner of a house

Old Chinese: *ʔˤuk-s

Middle Chinese: 'awH

2: cove in the bank of a stream

Old Chinese: *ʔ(r)uk

Middle Chinese: 'juwk

奧
338
áo
mysterious, obscure, profound
奧國
áo quốc
Austria
澳
339
áo、úc
inlet, bay
澳門
澳洲
áo môn
úc châu
Macao
Australian