Loner Groups

one

Old Chinese: *ʔi[t]

Middle Chinese: 'jit

1: three

Old Chinese: *s.rum (*s.r- > s-; infl. by 四 *s-?)

Middle Chinese: sam

2: three times

Old Chinese: *s.r[u]m-s (*s.r- > *s-, infl. by 四 *s-?)

Middle Chinese: samH

1: down

Old Chinese: *gˤraʔ

Middle Chinese: haeX

2: descend

Old Chinese: *m-gˤraʔ-s

Middle Chinese: haeH

milk; nipple

Old Chinese: *noʔ

Middle Chinese: nyuX

two

Old Chinese: *ni[j]-s

Middle Chinese: nyijH

item

Old Chinese: *[g]r[a][n]ʔ (no pre-Qín exx?)

Middle Chinese: gjenX

1: rest (v.)

Old Chinese: *qʰ(r)u

Middle Chinese: xjuw

2: blessing

Old Chinese: *qʰ(r)u

Middle Chinese: xjuw

1: comfortable; advantageous

Old Chinese: *[b]e[n]-s

Middle Chinese: bjienH

2: glib-tongued

Old Chinese: *[b]e[n]

Middle Chinese: bjien

complete (adj.)

Old Chinese: *[b]rək-s

Middle Chinese: bijH

eight

Old Chinese: *pˤret

Middle Chinese: peat

statute, norm

Old Chinese: *tˤə[r]ʔ

Middle Chinese: tenX

tablet, records

Old Chinese: *[tsʰ](ˤ)rek

Middle Chinese: tsrheak

before

Old Chinese: *[dz]ˤen (~ *m-dzˤen)

Middle Chinese: dzen

high; splendid

Old Chinese: *tˤrawk

Middle Chinese: traewk

south

Old Chinese: *nˤ[ə]m

Middle Chinese: nom

in danger

Old Chinese: *[ŋ](r)[o]j

Middle Chinese: ngjwe

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: klje

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: kljeʔ

four

Old Chinese: *s.li[j]-s

Middle Chinese: sijH

obstruct; distress

Old Chinese: *kʰˤu[n]-s

Middle Chinese: khwonH

consider

Old Chinese: *[d]ˤa

Middle Chinese: du

outside

Old Chinese: *[ŋ]ʷˤa[t]-s

Middle Chinese: ngwajH

youngest

Old Chinese: *kʷi[t]-s

Middle Chinese: kjwijH

household

Old Chinese: *kˤra

Middle Chinese: kae

peace

Old Chinese: *nˤeŋ

Middle Chinese: neng

respond

Old Chinese: *[t]ˤ[u]p-s

Middle Chinese: twojH

1: bent, curved

Old Chinese: *N-kʰ(r)ok

Middle Chinese: gjowk

2: department

Old Chinese: *[g](r)ok

Middle Chinese: gjowk

market (n.)

Old Chinese: *C.[d]əʔ

Middle Chinese: dzyiX

broom

Old Chinese: *[t.p]əʔ

Middle Chinese: tsyuwX

1: army

Old Chinese: *srij

Middle Chinese: srij

2: master

Old Chinese: *srij

Middle Chinese: srij

heart

Old Chinese: *səm

Middle Chinese: sim

calamity; distress

Old Chinese: *[g]ˤro[n]-s

Middle Chinese: hwaenH

hand

Old Chinese: *n̥uʔ

Middle Chinese: syuwX

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: suːʔ

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: suːs

1: scattered (adj.)

Old Chinese: *[s]ˤa[n]ʔ

Middle Chinese: sanX

2: scatter (v.t.)

Old Chinese: *mə-sˤa[n]ʔ-s

Middle Chinese: sanH

sun; day

Old Chinese: *C.nik

Middle Chinese: nyit

1: meeting; have a meeting

Old Chinese: *m-kˤop-s

Middle Chinese: hwajH

2: 阿會亘 ēhuìxuān: Skt. ābhāsvara ‘shining’ (E. Hàn)

Old Chinese: *ɦʷˤajs (< *m-kˤop-s)

Middle Chinese: hwajH

3: calculate; calculation

Old Chinese: *kˤop-s

Middle Chinese: kwajH

moon, month

Old Chinese: *[ŋ]ʷat

Middle Chinese: ngjwot

1: quiver (n.)

Old Chinese: *[b]ək

Middle Chinese: bjuwk

2: garment; wear (v.)

Old Chinese: *[b]ək

Middle Chinese: bjuwk

3: subdue, submit

Old Chinese: *[b]ək

Middle Chinese: bjuwk

4: box of a carriage

Old Chinese: *[b]əʔ

Middle Chinese: bjuwX

end of a branch

Old Chinese: *mˤat

Middle Chinese: mat

tree trunk

Old Chinese: *C.pˤə[n]ʔ

Middle Chinese: pwonX

water; river

Old Chinese: *s.turʔ (E dialect: *-r > *-j)

Middle Chinese: sywijX

sand

Old Chinese: *sˤraj

Middle Chinese: srae

fire

Old Chinese: *[qʷʰ]ˤəjʔ

Middle Chinese: xwaX

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: pʰaːd

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: baːd

1: to curse

Old Chinese: *[t]uk-s

Middle Chinese: tsyuwH

2: pray, recite

Old Chinese: *[t]uk

Middle Chinese: tsyuwk

3: cut off, break

Old Chinese: *tuk

Middle Chinese: tsyuwk

continue

Old Chinese: *[k]ˤ[e]-s

Middle Chinese: kejH

crime, offense

Old Chinese: *[dz]ˤujʔ

Middle Chinese: dzwojX

1: self (adv.)

Old Chinese: *s.[b]i[t]-s

Middle Chinese: dzijH

2: to follow; from

Old Chinese: *s.[b]i[t]-s

Middle Chinese: dzijH

mortar

Old Chinese: *C.[g]ʷəʔ

Middle Chinese: gjuwX

1: slipper, shoe

Old Chinese: *s.qʰAk

Middle Chinese: sjek

2: slipper, shoe

Old Chinese: *s.qʰak (dialect: *s.qʰ> MC tsh-, *-ak > -jak)

Middle Chinese: tshjak

color; countenance

Old Chinese: *s.rək

Middle Chinese: srik

1: west

Old Chinese: *s-nˤər

Middle Chinese: sej

2: west

Old Chinese: *s-nˤər

Middle Chinese: sej

calculate

Old Chinese: *kˤij-s

Middle Chinese: kejH

1: hostage; gift

Old Chinese: *[t]ip-s

Middle Chinese: trijH

2: substance, solid part

Old Chinese: *t-lit

Middle Chinese: tsyit

1: rain

Old Chinese: *C.ɢʷ(r)aʔ

Middle Chinese: hjuX

2: rain (v.t.)

Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷ(r)aʔ-s

Middle Chinese: hjuH

ten feet

Old Chinese: *[d]raŋʔ

Middle Chinese: drjangX

1: ascend

Old Chinese: *Cə-daŋʔ

Middle Chinese: dzyangX

2: to put up

Old Chinese: *m-daŋʔ

Middle Chinese: dzyangX

3: top, above (n.)

Old Chinese: *daŋʔ-s

Middle Chinese: dzyangH

1: your

Old Chinese: *nˤə(ŋ)ʔ

Middle Chinese: nojX

2: then

Old Chinese: *nˤəʔ

Middle Chinese: nojX

1: ride (v.)

Old Chinese: *Cə.ləŋ

Middle Chinese: zying

2: vehicle

Old Chinese: *Cə.ləŋ-s

Middle Chinese: zyingH

3: team of four horses

Old Chinese: *Cə.ləŋ-s

Middle Chinese: zyingH

1: stand on tiptoe

Old Chinese: *kʰeʔ

Middle Chinese: khjieX

2: stand on tiptoe

Old Chinese: *kʰeʔ-s

Middle Chinese: khjieH

protect

Old Chinese: *pˤuʔ

Middle Chinese: pawX

truthful

Old Chinese: *s-ni[ŋ]-s

Middle Chinese: sinH

light, brightness

Old Chinese: *kʷˤaŋ

Middle Chinese: kwang

enter

Old Chinese: *n[u]p

Middle Chinese: nyip

complete (adj.)

Old Chinese: *[dz]o[n]

Middle Chinese: dzjwen

twice; a second time

Old Chinese: *[ts]ˤə(ʔ)-s

Middle Chinese: tsojH

beginning

Old Chinese: *[ts]ʰra

Middle Chinese: tsrhjo

strength

Old Chinese: *k.rək

Middle Chinese: lik

1: toil

Old Chinese: *[r]ˤaw

Middle Chinese: law

2: to reward for toil

Old Chinese: *[r]ˤaw-s

Middle Chinese: lawH

seal

Old Chinese: *[ʔ]iŋ-s

Middle Chinese: 'jinH

1: get rid of

Old Chinese: *[kʰ](r)aʔ

Middle Chinese: khjoX

2: depart

Old Chinese: *[k]ʰ(r)ap-s

Middle Chinese: khjoH

mouth

Old Chinese: *kʰˤ(r)oʔ

Middle Chinese: khuwX

window facing North; turn towards

Old Chinese: *n̥aŋ-s

Middle Chinese: xjangH

good

Old Chinese: *[g]e[n]ʔ

Middle Chinese: dzyenX

vessel; instrument

Old Chinese: *[kʰ]r[ə][t]-s

Middle Chinese: khijH

go around

Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷˤəj

Middle Chinese: hwoj

dam up, block; mound

Old Chinese: *[q]i[n]

Middle Chinese: 'jin

repay

Old Chinese: *pˤuk-s

Middle Chinese: pawH

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: qʰʷaːns

grandchild; descendant

Old Chinese: *[s]ˤu[n]

Middle Chinese: swon

fruit; full

Old Chinese: *mə.li[t]

Middle Chinese: zyit

raise a mound; enfeoff

Old Chinese: *p(r)oŋ

Middle Chinese: pjowng

go to

Old Chinese: *[dz]u[k]-s

Middle Chinese: dzjuwH

1: roll over; unfold

Old Chinese: *trenʔ

Middle Chinese: trjenX

2: ritual robe

Old Chinese: *tra[n]-s

Middle Chinese: trjenH

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: sqʰuːns

even, level (Shuōwén)

Old Chinese: *[k]ˤe[r]

Middle Chinese: ken

fortunate

Old Chinese: *[g]ˤreŋʔ

Middle Chinese: heangX

weak

Old Chinese: *newk

Middle Chinese: nyak

1: strong

Old Chinese: *N-kaŋ

Middle Chinese: gjang

2: make an effort

Old Chinese: *m-kaŋʔ

Middle Chinese: gjangX

1: after

Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ˤ(r)oʔ

Middle Chinese: huwX

2: put after ?

Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ˤ(r)oʔ-s

Middle Chinese: huwH

small

Old Chinese: *məj

Middle Chinese: mj+j

1: breathe

Old Chinese: *sək

Middle Chinese: sik

2: 安息 Ānxī (Iranian country in the western regions, W. Hàn; from Aršaka = Arsaces, founder of the Arsacid dynasty)

Old Chinese: *sək

Middle Chinese: sik

to love; to grudge (< ‘draw close to oneself’?)

Old Chinese: *[q]ˤə[p]-s

Middle Chinese: 'ojH

ornate

Old Chinese: *mə[n]

Middle Chinese: mjun

measure (v.)

Old Chinese: *[r]ˤew-s

Middle Chinese: lewH

clan

Old Chinese: *[dz]ˤok

Middle Chinese: dzuwk

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: quːn

split (v.)

Old Chinese: *[s]ˤek

Middle Chinese: sek

throw away, abandon

Old Chinese: *[kʰ]i[t]-s

Middle Chinese: khjijH

1: work (n.)

Old Chinese: *[m-qʰ](r)[a]p

Middle Chinese: ngjaep

2: horizontal board of a bell stand or frame

Old Chinese: *[m-qʰ](r)[a]p

Middle Chinese: ngjaep

3: strong, sturdy

Old Chinese: *[ŋ](r)[a]p

Middle Chinese: ngjaep

step

Old Chinese: *mə-bˤa-s

Middle Chinese: buH

hammer

Old Chinese: *tˤo[n]-s

Middle Chinese: twanH

(inhaled thing:) breath, air, vapors

Old Chinese: *C.qʰəp-s

Middle Chinese: khj+jH

model, law

Old Chinese: *[p.k]ap

Middle Chinese: pjop

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: tʰjɯŋ

to herd, herdsman

Old Chinese: *mək

Middle Chinese: mjuwk

divide, distribute

Old Chinese: *pˤan

Middle Chinese: paen

1: excessive, very

Old Chinese: *[t.ɢ][ə]mʔ

Middle Chinese: dzyimX

2: excessive

Old Chinese: *[t.ɢ][ə]mʔ-s

Middle Chinese: dzyimH

field; to hunt

Old Chinese: *lˤiŋ

Middle Chinese: den

man, male

Old Chinese: *nˤ[ə]m

Middle Chinese: nom

increase

Old Chinese: *q[i]k (dialect: *-ik > *-ek)

Middle Chinese: 'jiek

eye

Old Chinese: *C.m(r)[u]k

Middle Chinese: mjuwk

calculate; tally

Old Chinese: *[s]ˤorʔ-s

Middle Chinese: swanH

white silk

Old Chinese: *[s]ˤak-s

Middle Chinese: suH

cut off

Old Chinese: *[dz]ot

Middle Chinese: dzjwet

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: tʰaːd

beautiful

Old Chinese: *[m]rəjʔ

Middle Chinese: mijX

repeat; practice

Old Chinese: *s-ɢʷəp (with root *ɢʷəp ‘wing’?)

Middle Chinese: zip

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: njonʔ

promise; whisper in one's ear

Old Chinese: *nrep

Middle Chinese: nrjep

to be willing

Old Chinese: *kʰˤəŋʔ

Middle Chinese: khongX

breed, produce

Old Chinese: *m-quk

Middle Chinese: yuwk

lift, rise

Old Chinese: *qʰ(r)əŋ

Middle Chinese: xing

oppose, contrary

Old Chinese: *[tʰ]o[n]ʔ

Middle Chinese: tsyhwenX

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: men

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: meːnʔ

3: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: maːn

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: kɯɡ

1: flower (n.)

Old Chinese: *qʷʰˤra

Middle Chinese: xwae

2: flower (v.); flowery (adj.)

Old Chinese: *N-qʷʰˤra

Middle Chinese: hwae

3: [name of a mountain]

Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷˤra-s

Middle Chinese: hwaeH

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: tjuŋ

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: tjuŋs

exterior

Old Chinese: *p(r)awʔ

Middle Chinese: pjewX

cover

Old Chinese: *qʰˤraʔ

Middle Chinese: xaeX

1: cut up; unloose

Old Chinese: *kˤreʔ

Middle Chinese: keaX

2: understand

Old Chinese: *N-kˤreʔ

Middle Chinese: heaX

3: =懈 lazy

Old Chinese: *N-kˤreʔ

Middle Chinese: heaX

examine; denounce

Old Chinese: *[t]ʰˤuʔ

Middle Chinese: thawX

garrulous

Old Chinese: *[t]am

Middle Chinese: tsyem

body; self

Old Chinese: *n̥i[ŋ]

Middle Chinese: syin

agriculture; to farm

Old Chinese: *nˤ[o]ŋ

Middle Chinese: nowng

withdraw (≠ advance)

Old Chinese: *n̥ˤ[u]p-s

Middle Chinese: thwojH

escort (v.), send

Old Chinese: *[s]ˤoŋ-s

Middle Chinese: suwngH

advance (v.)

Old Chinese: *[ts][i][n]-s

Middle Chinese: tsinH

lead (v.), govern

Old Chinese: *[b]ˤ(r)oʔ

Middle Chinese: buwX

counterpart; be the counterpart of

Old Chinese: *pʰˤ[ə][j]-s

Middle Chinese: phwojH

hawk, falcon

Old Chinese: *[s]urʔ

Middle Chinese: swinX

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: roːds

fragrance

Old Chinese: *qʰaŋ

Middle Chinese: xjang

1: fresh; good

Old Chinese: *[s][a]r

Middle Chinese: sjen

2: 鮮卑 *s[a]r.pe Xiānbēi

Old Chinese: *s[a]r

Middle Chinese: sjen

3: rare, few

Old Chinese: *[s][e]rʔ

Middle Chinese: sjenX

cinnabar

Old Chinese: *tˤan

Middle Chinese: tan

1: turn around, turn back

Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷˤar

Middle Chinese: hwan

2: turn around

Old Chinese: *s-[q]ʷar

Middle Chinese: sjwen

3: 阿會亘 ēhuìxuān: Skt. ābhāsvara ‘shining’ (E. Hàn)

Old Chinese: *swar (< *s-[q]ʷar)

Middle Chinese: sjwen

carry; able; dominate

Old Chinese: *kʰˤək

Middle Chinese: khok

child

Old Chinese: *ŋe

Middle Chinese: nye

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: sl'ɯm

1: brush (v.)

Old Chinese: *[s]r[o]t (dialect: retains MC srj-)

Middle Chinese: srjwet

2: brush (v.)

Old Chinese: *[s]r[o]t

Middle Chinese: srwaet

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: qiːs

1: 1/10th of a dǒu 斗

Old Chinese: *s-təŋ

Middle Chinese: sying

2: rise (v.)

Old Chinese: *s-təŋ

Middle Chinese: sying

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: sil

command, call (n.)

Old Chinese: *[g]ˤaw-s

Middle Chinese: hawH

1: musical note

Old Chinese: *s-taŋ

Middle Chinese: syang

2: (place name)

Old Chinese: *s-taŋ

Middle Chinese: syang

3: estimate; business; trader

Old Chinese: *s-taŋ

Middle Chinese: syang

stand for musical instruments

Old Chinese: *toʔ-s

Middle Chinese: trjuH

evening, night

Old Chinese: *s-ɢAk

Middle Chinese: zjek

dream

Old Chinese: *C.məŋ-s

Middle Chinese: mjuwngH

bring forward; perform (music)

Old Chinese: *tsˤo(ʔ)-s

Middle Chinese: tsuwH

spread wings and fly

Old Chinese: *(Cə.)pə[r]-s (W dialect)

Middle Chinese: pjunH

1: good

Old Chinese: *qʰˤuʔ

Middle Chinese: xawX

2: love, like (v.)

Old Chinese: *qʰˤuʔ-s

Middle Chinese: xawH

consort; match

Old Chinese: *pʰ[ə][j]

Middle Chinese: phj+j

1: 委蛇 compliant, complaisant

Old Chinese: *q(r)oj

Middle Chinese: 'jwe

2: entrust to

Old Chinese: *q(r)ojʔ

Middle Chinese: 'jweX

3: collect; store

Old Chinese: *q(r)ojʔ

Middle Chinese: 'jweX

4: bend; hang down

Old Chinese: *q(r)orʔ

Middle Chinese: 'jweX

awe-inspiring

Old Chinese: *ʔuj

Middle Chinese: 'jw+j

exist

Old Chinese: *[dz]ˤə[n]

Middle Chinese: dzwon

filial

Old Chinese: *qʰˤuʔ-s

Middle Chinese: xaewH

1: keep, guard

Old Chinese: *s-tuʔ

Middle Chinese: syuwX

2: territory in somebody's guard, fief

Old Chinese: *s.tuʔ-s

Middle Chinese: syuwH

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: hljɯmʔ

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: quds

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: qud

house; roof

Old Chinese: *qˤok (or *ʔˤok ?)

Middle Chinese: 'uwk

1: snake

Old Chinese: *pˤra

Middle Chinese: pae

2: [place name]

Old Chinese: *pˤra

Middle Chinese: pae

1: draw the bow

Old Chinese: *li[n]ʔ

Middle Chinese: yinX

2: draw the bow

Old Chinese: *li[n]ʔ-s

Middle Chinese: yinH

vast

Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷˤəŋ

Middle Chinese: hwong

obtain

Old Chinese: *tˤək

Middle Chinese: tok

1: penetrate

Old Chinese: *m-[tʰ]ret

Middle Chinese: drjet

2: divide land acc. to a certain share system

Old Chinese: *m-tʰret

Middle Chinese: drjet

3: divide land acc. to a certain share system

Old Chinese: *tʰret

Middle Chinese: trhjet

4: penetrate

Old Chinese: *tʰret

Middle Chinese: trhjet

kind, good

Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷˤi[j]-s

Middle Chinese: hwejH

a kind of axe

Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷat

Middle Chinese: hjwot

1: and, but, or

Old Chinese: *[ʔ](r)ik

Middle Chinese: 'ik

2: rub, repress

Old Chinese: *[ʔ]ik

Middle Chinese: 'ik

1: be cut in two

Old Chinese: *N-tˤo[n]ʔ

Middle Chinese: dwanX

2: cut in two

Old Chinese: *tˤo[n]ʔ

Middle Chinese: twanX

3: cut off; decide

Old Chinese: *tˤo[n]ʔ-s

Middle Chinese: twanH

fine-tasting

Old Chinese: *kijʔ

Middle Chinese: tsyijX

discard

Old Chinese: *n̥ˤi[t]-s

Middle Chinese: thejH

to dye

Old Chinese: *C.n[a]mʔ

Middle Chinese: nyemX

varnish

Old Chinese: *[tsʰ]i[t]

Middle Chinese: tshit

year

Old Chinese: *s-qʷʰat-s

Middle Chinese: sjwejH

die (v.)

Old Chinese: *sijʔ

Middle Chinese: sijX

a kind of lance

Old Chinese: *[d]o

Middle Chinese: dzyu

hanging musical stone

Old Chinese: *[C.qʰ]ˤeŋ-s

Middle Chinese: khengH

1: poison (n.)

Old Chinese: *[d]ˤuk

Middle Chinese: dowk

2: to poison (v.)

Old Chinese: *m-[d]ˤuk-s

Middle Chinese: dowk

flow (v.)

Old Chinese: *ru

Middle Chinese: ljuw

to flap (sc. the ears)

Old Chinese: *[qʰ]ip

Middle Chinese: syip

calamity

Old Chinese: *[ts]ˤə

Middle Chinese: tsoj

1: satiate, satisfy

Old Chinese: *ʔem

Middle Chinese: 'jiem

2: satisfaction

Old Chinese: *ʔem-s

Middle Chinese: 'jiemH

sickness

Old Chinese: *[dz]i[t]

Middle Chinese: dzit

fly forth, send forth

Old Chinese: *Cə.pat

Middle Chinese: pjot

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: mreːwɢs

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: mreːwɢ

inspect

Old Chinese: *[s]eŋʔ

Middle Chinese: sjengX

1: to watch, guard

Old Chinese: *kʰˤa[r]

Middle Chinese: khan

2: gaze at

Old Chinese: *[kʰ]ˤa[r]-s

Middle Chinese: khanH

mountain demon

Old Chinese: *r̥aj

Middle Chinese: trhje

1: burst through

Old Chinese: *m-tʰˤut

Middle Chinese: dwot

2: break through; suddenly

Old Chinese: *tʰˤut

Middle Chinese: thwot

1: twist a rope

Old Chinese: *[s]ˤak

Middle Chinese: sak

2: search (v.)

Old Chinese: *[s]ˤak

Middle Chinese: sak

punish

Old Chinese: *[b][a]t

Middle Chinese: bjot

a kind of net (on a handle?) (Shuōwén: 'bird net')

Old Chinese: *rˤaj

Middle Chinese: la

tip (n.)

Old Chinese: *tˤor

Middle Chinese: twan

meat, flesh

Old Chinese: *k.nuk

Middle Chinese: nyuwk

fat (adj.)

Old Chinese: *[b][ə]r

Middle Chinese: bj+j

tower

Old Chinese: *lˤə

Middle Chinese: doj

grass, fodder

Old Chinese: *Cə.tsˤə[r]-s

Middle Chinese: tsenH

flea

Old Chinese: *tsˤuʔ

Middle Chinese: tsawX

blood

Old Chinese: *m̥ˤik

Middle Chinese: xwet

compass, circle

Old Chinese: *kʷe

Middle Chinese: kjwie

1: (a particle)

Old Chinese: *ŋa[n]

Middle Chinese: ngjon

2: I, we

Old Chinese: *ŋa[n]

Middle Chinese: ngjon

3: speak; speech

Old Chinese: *ŋa[n]

Middle Chinese: ngjon

4: tall

Old Chinese: *ŋa[r]

Middle Chinese: ngjon

set up

Old Chinese: *ŋ̊et

Middle Chinese: syet

carry on the back

Old Chinese: *[b]əʔ

Middle Chinese: bjuwX

body, person

Old Chinese: *k(r)uŋ

Middle Chinese: kjuwng

words

Old Chinese: *sə.lə

Middle Chinese: zi

disgrace

Old Chinese: *nok

Middle Chinese: nyowk

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: ɢʷɯ

1: to open (v.i.)

Old Chinese: *Nə-[k]ʰˤəj

Middle Chinese: khoj

2: to open (v.t.)

Old Chinese: *[k]ʰˤəj

Middle Chinese: khoj

1: grieved; suffering

Old Chinese: *[ʔ](r)ə[n]ʔ

Middle Chinese: 'j+nX

2: conceal

Old Chinese: *[ʔ](r)ə[n]ʔ

Middle Chinese: 'j+nX

3: lean on

Old Chinese: *ʔ(r)ə[r]ʔ-s

Middle Chinese: 'j+nH

a pair

Old Chinese: *[s]roŋ

Middle Chinese: sraewng

face

Old Chinese: *C.me[n]-s

Middle Chinese: mjienH

1: beard

Old Chinese: *C-[s.n]o

Middle Chinese: sju

2: 斯須 a short time

Old Chinese: *[s]o

Middle Chinese: sju

fly (v.)

Old Chinese: *Cə.pə[r] (dialect: *-r > *-j)

Middle Chinese: pj+j