Loner Groups

These groups each contain only one character. It is still good to know the phonetic component, since it may be of use in learning new characters not treated here, in the same or other languages.

巂

携
1718
ケイ
たずさ-える、たずさ-わる
portable
携帯
携帯電話
けいたい
けいたいでんわ
(n,vs) (1) something carried (in the hand)/handheld/(n) (2) (abbr) (col) mobile telephone/cell phone/(P)
(n) mobile telephone/cellular telephone

信

truthful

Old Chinese: *s-ni[ŋ]-s

Middle Chinese: sinH

信
1719
シン
trust
送信
通信簿
そうしん
つうしんぼ
(n,vs) transmission/sending/(P)
(n) report card

規

compass, circle

Old Chinese: *kʷe

Middle Chinese: kjwie

規
1720
キ
rule
規約
新規
きやく
しんき
(n) agreement/rules/code/protocol/convention/(P)
(adj-na,adj-no) (1) new/fresh/(2) new customer/(3) new rules or regulations/(P)

入

enter

Old Chinese: *n[u]p

Middle Chinese: nyip

入
1721
ニュウ（ニフ）
い-る、い-れる、はい-る
enter
入力
入門
にゅうりょく
にゅうもん
(n,vs) input/(P)
(n,vs) primer/manual/entering an institute/introduction to/(P)

秊

年
1722
ネン
とし
year
今年
年間
こんねん
ねんかん
(n-adv,n-t) this year
(n-t) year (period of)/(P)

角

horn, corner

Old Chinese: *C.[k]ˤrok

Middle Chinese: kaewk

角
1723
カク
かど、つの
angle
半角
角度
はんかく
かくど
(n) half-width characters (e.g. romaji)/single-byte characters/en quad
(n) angle/(P)

設

set up

Old Chinese: *ŋ̊et

Middle Chinese: syet

設
1724
セツ
もう-ける
establish
設定
開設
せってい
かいせつ
(n,vs) (1) establishment/creation/(2) (comp) options or preference settings (in computer software)/configuration/assignment/setup/(P)
(n,vs) establishment/opening/(P)

絕

cut off

Old Chinese: *[dz]ot

Middle Chinese: dzjwet

絶
1725
絕
ゼツ
た-える、た-つ、た-やす
discontinue
絶対
絶妙
ぜったい
ぜつみょう
(adv) (1) absolutely/unconditionally/(adj-no) (2) absolute/unconditional/unmistakable/(n) (3) absoluteness/(P)
(adj-na,n,adj-no) exquisite/superb/perfect/miraculous/(P)

局

1: bent, curved

Old Chinese: *N-kʰ(r)ok

Middle Chinese: gjowk

2: department

Old Chinese: *[g](r)ok

Middle Chinese: gjowk

局
1726
キョク
office
結局
事務局
けっきょく
じむきょく
(n-adv,n) after all/eventually/(P)
(n) secretariat/executive office/(P)

開

1: to open (v.i.)

Old Chinese: *Nə-[k]ʰˤəj

Middle Chinese: khoj

2: to open (v.t.)

Old Chinese: *[k]ʰˤəj

Middle Chinese: khoj

開
1727
カイ
あ-く、あ-ける、ひら-く、ひら-ける
open
公開
開始
こうかい
かいし
(n,vs,adj-no) open to the public/(P)
(n,vs) start/commencement/beginning/initiation/(P)

季

youngest

Old Chinese: *kʷi[t]-s

Middle Chinese: kjwijH

季
1728
キ
seasons
季節
四季
きせつ
しき
(n) season/(P)
(n) four seasons/(P)

散

1: scattered (adj.)

Old Chinese: *[s]ˤa[n]ʔ

Middle Chinese: sanX

2: scatter (v.t.)

Old Chinese: *mə-sˤa[n]ʔ-s

Middle Chinese: sanH

散
1729
サン
ち-らかす、ち-らかる、ち-らす、ち-る
scatter
散歩
解散
さんぽ
かいさん
(n,vs) walk/stroll/(P)
(n,vs) breakup/dissolution/(P)

習

repeat; practice

Old Chinese: *s-ɢʷəp (with root *ɢʷəp ‘wing’?)

Middle Chinese: zip

習
1730
シュウ（シフ）
なら-う
learn
練習
学習
れんしゅう
がくしゅう
(n,vs) practice/practise/(P)
(n,vs) study/learning/tutorial/(P)

丈

ten feet

Old Chinese: *[d]raŋʔ

Middle Chinese: drjangX

丈
1731
ジョウ（ヂャウ）
たけ
length
大丈夫
丈夫
だいじょうぶ
じょうふ
(adj-na,adv,n) safe/all right/OK/(P)
(adj-na,n) (1) hero/gentleman/warrior/manly person

商

1: musical note

Old Chinese: *s-taŋ

Middle Chinese: syang

2: (place name)

Old Chinese: *s-taŋ

Middle Chinese: syang

3: estimate; business; trader

Old Chinese: *s-taŋ

Middle Chinese: syang

商
1732
ショウ（シャウ）
あきな-う
sell
商品
商店
しょうひん
しょうてん
(n) commodity/article of commerce/goods/stock/merchandise/(P)
(n) shop/small store/business/firm/(P)

昷

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: quːn

温
1733
溫
オン
あたた-か、あたた-かい、あたた-まる、あたた-める
warm
温泉
気温
おんせん
きおん
(n) spa/hot spring/onsen/(P)
(n) atmospheric temperature/(P)

部

lead (v.), govern

Old Chinese: *[b]ˤ(r)oʔ

Middle Chinese: buwX

部
1734
ブ
part
部分
一部
ぶぶん
いちぶ
(n) portion/section/part/(P)
(n-adv,n) (1) one part/one portion/one section/some/(2) one copy (e.g. of a document)/(P)

手

hand

Old Chinese: *n̥uʔ

Middle Chinese: syuwX

手
1735
シュ
た*、て
hand
選手
上手
せんしゅ
じょうしゅ
(n) player (in game)/team member/(P)
(adj-na,n) (1) skill/skillful/dexterity/(n) (2) flattery

崔

high, rocky

Old Chinese: *[dz]ˤuj

Middle Chinese: dzwoj

催
1736
サイ
もよお-す
sponsor
開催
主催
かいさい
しゅさい
(n,vs) holding a meeting/open an exhibition/(P)
(n,vs) organization/organisation/sponsorship/(P)

送

escort (v.), send

Old Chinese: *[s]ˤoŋ-s

Middle Chinese: suwngH

送
1737
ソウ
おく-る
send
放送
送料
ほうそう
そうりょう
(n,vs) broadcast/broadcasting/(P)
(n) postage/carriage/(P)

件

item

Old Chinese: *[g]r[a][n]ʔ (no pre-Qín exx?)

Middle Chinese: gjenX

件
1738
ケン
affair
事件
条件
じけん
じょうけん
(n) event/affair/incident/case/plot/trouble/scandal/(P)
(n) condition(s)/term(s)/requirement(s)/(P)

育

breed, produce

Old Chinese: *m-quk

Middle Chinese: yuwk

育
1739
イク
そだ-つ、そだ-てる、はぐく-む
nurture
教育
育児
きょういく
いくじ
(n,adj-no,vs) training/education/(P)
(n,vs) childcare/nursing/upbringing/(P)

鷹

eagle, falcon

Old Chinese: *[q](r)əŋ

Middle Chinese: 'ing

応
1740
應
オウ
こた-える
respond
対応
一応
たいおう
いちおう
(n,vs) interaction/correspondence/coping with/dealing with/support/(P)
(adv) once/tentatively/in outline/for the time being/just in case/(P)

身

body; self

Old Chinese: *n̥i[ŋ]

Middle Chinese: syin

身
1741
シン
み
body
自身
身体
じしん
しんたい
(n) by oneself/personally/(P)
(n) (1) body/(2) health/(P)

寅

1: 3rd earthly branch

Old Chinese: *[ɢ](r)ər

Middle Chinese: yij

2: 3rd earthly branch

Old Chinese: *[ɢ](r)ər

Middle Chinese: yin

演
1742
エン
perform
出演
演奏
しゅつえん
えんそう
(n) (1) performance/stage appearance/(vs) (2) to act (in a play)/(P)
(n,vs) musical performance/(P)

希

thin, sparse

Old Chinese: *qʰəj

Middle Chinese: xj+j

希
1743
キ
hope
希望
希望者
きぼう
きぼうしゃ
(n,vs) hope/wish/aspiration/(P)
(n) person interested in doing something/person wanting to do something

突

1: burst through

Old Chinese: *m-tʰˤut

Middle Chinese: dwot

2: break through; suddenly

Old Chinese: *tʰˤut

Middle Chinese: thwot

突
1744
突
トツ
つ-く
stab
突然
突入
とつぜん
とつにゅう
(adj-na,adj-no,adv) abrupt/sudden/unexpected/all at once/(P)
(n,vs) rushing/breaking into/(P)

舛

oppose, contrary

Old Chinese: *[tʰ]o[n]ʔ

Middle Chinese: tsyhwenX

瞬
1745
シュン
またた-く
wink
瞬間
一瞬
しゅんかん
いっしゅん
(n-adv,n-t) moment/second/instant/(P)
(n-adv,n-t) moment/instant/(P)

展

1: roll over; unfold

Old Chinese: *trenʔ

Middle Chinese: trjenX

2: ritual robe

Old Chinese: *tra[n]-s

Middle Chinese: trjenH

展
1746
テン
expand
展開
発展
てんかい
はってん
(n,vs) (1) development/(2) expansion (opposite of compression)/(P)
(n,vs) development/growth/(P)

企

1: stand on tiptoe

Old Chinese: *kʰeʔ

Middle Chinese: khjieX

2: stand on tiptoe

Old Chinese: *kʰeʔ-s

Middle Chinese: khjieH

企
1747
キ
くわだ-てる
plan
企業
中小企業
きぎょう
ちゅうしょうきぎょう
(n) enterprise/undertaking/corporation/business/(P)
(n) small to medium enterprises/smaller companies/(P)

死

die (v.)

Old Chinese: *sijʔ

Middle Chinese: sijX

死
1748
シ
し-ぬ
death
不死鳥
必死
ふしちょう
ひっし
(n) phoenix bird
(adj-na,adj-no) (1) frantic/desperate/(2) inevitable death/(3) brinkmate (inevitable checkmate) (shogi)/(P)

襾

cover

Old Chinese: *qʰˤraʔ

Middle Chinese: xaeX

価
1749
價
カ
あたい
value
評価
価格
ひょうか
かかく
(n,vs) valuation/estimation/assessment/evaluation/(P)
(n) price/value/cost/(P)

鬥

quarrel, wrangle

Old Chinese: *tˤok-s

Middle Chinese: tuwH

闘
1750
鬭
トウ
たたか-う
fight
奮闘
格闘
ふんとう
かくとう
(n,vs) hard struggle/strenuous effort/(P)
(n,vs) hand-to-hand fighting/grappling/scuffling/(P)

矣

(final particle)

Old Chinese: *qəʔ (atonic)

Middle Chinese: hiX

挨
1751
アイ
push open
挨拶
ご挨拶
あいさつ
ごあいさつ
(n,vs) (1) greeting/greetings/salutation/salute/(2) speech (congratulatory or appreciative)/address/(3) reply/response/(4) (sl) revenge/retaliation/(exp) (5) a fine thing to say (used as part of a sarcastic response to a rude remark)/(exp) (6) (orig. meaning) dialoging (with another Zen practitioner to ascertain their level of enlightenment)/(P)
(n) (1) (pol) greeting/(2) a fine thing to say (used as part of a sarcastic response to a rude remark)

實

fruit; full

Old Chinese: *mə.li[t]

Middle Chinese: zyit

実
1752
實
ジツ
み、みの-る
truth
現実
充実
げんじつ
じゅうじつ
(n) reality/(P)
(n,vs) (1) fullness/completion/perfection/substantiality/enrichment/(2) replenishment/repletion/(P)

印

seal

Old Chinese: *[ʔ]iŋ-s

Middle Chinese: 'jinH

印
1753
イン
しるし
mark
印象
印象的
いんしょう
いんしょうてき
(n,vs) impression/(P)
(adj-na) impressive/(P)

休

1: rest (v.)

Old Chinese: *qʰ(r)u

Middle Chinese: xjuw

2: blessing

Old Chinese: *qʰ(r)u

Middle Chinese: xjuw

休
1754
キュウ（キウ）
やす-まる、やす-む、やす-める
rest
休日
連休
きゅうじつ
れんきゅう
(n-adv,n) holiday/day off/(P)
(n) consecutive holidays/(P)

微

small

Old Chinese: *məj

Middle Chinese: mj+j

微
1755
ビ
delicate
微妙
微笑
びみょう
びしょう
(adj-na,n) (1) delicate/subtle/sensitive/(2) difficult/delicate (situation)/complicated/(3) doubtful/questionable/dicey/(P)
(n,vs) smile/(P)

得

obtain

Old Chinese: *tˤək

Middle Chinese: tok

得
1756
トク
う-る、え-る
acquire
納得
得意
なっとく
とくい
(n,vs) consent/assent/understanding/agreement/comprehension/grasp/(P)
(n,adj-no,adj-na) (1) triumph/prosperity/(2) pride/(3) one's strong point/one's forte/one's specialty/(4) frequent customer (client, etc.)/(P)

斷

1: be cut in two

Old Chinese: *N-tˤo[n]ʔ

Middle Chinese: dwanX

2: cut in two

Old Chinese: *tˤo[n]ʔ

Middle Chinese: twanX

3: cut off; decide

Old Chinese: *tˤo[n]ʔ-s

Middle Chinese: twanH

断
1757
斷
ダン
ことわ-る、た-つ
cut off
判断
断念
はんだん
だんねん
(n,vs) judgement/judgment/decision/adjudication/conclusion/decipherment/divination/(P)
(n,vs) abandoning (hope, plans)/giving up/(P)

向

window facing North; turn towards

Old Chinese: *n̥aŋ-s

Middle Chinese: xjangH

向
1758
コウ（カウ）
む-かう、む-く、む-ける、む-こう
over there
方向
向上
ほうこう
こうじょう
(n) direction/course/way/(P)
(n,vs) elevation/rise/improvement/advancement/progress/(P)

市

market (n.)

Old Chinese: *C.[d]əʔ

Middle Chinese: dzyiX

市
1759
シ
いち
market
市場
市民
しじょう
しみん
(n) (the) market (as a concept)/(P)
(n) citizen/townspeople/(P)

危

in danger

Old Chinese: *[ŋ](r)[o]j

Middle Chinese: ngjwe

危
1760
キ
あぶ-ない、あや-うい、あや-ぶむ
dangerous
危険
危機
きけん
きき
(n) (1) danger/peril/hazard/(adj-na) (2) dangerous/hazardous/(P)
(n) crisis/(P)

雨

1: rain

Old Chinese: *C.ɢʷ(r)aʔ

Middle Chinese: hjuX

2: rain (v.t.)

Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷ(r)aʔ-s

Middle Chinese: hjuH

雨
1761
ウ
あま*、あめ
rain
梅雨
豪雨
ばいう
ごうう
(n) (1) rainy season/(2) rain during the rainy season/(P)
(n) heavy rain/cloudburst/downpour/(P)

医

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: qiːs

医
1762
醫
イ
medicine
医療
医者
いりょう
いしゃ
(n) medical care/medical treatment/(P)
(n) (sens) (medical) doctor/physician/(P)

美

beautiful

Old Chinese: *[m]rəjʔ

Middle Chinese: mijX

美
1763
ビ
うつく-しい
beauty
美容
美人
びよう
びじん
(n) beauty of figure or form/(P)
(n) beautiful person (woman)/(P)

好

1: good

Old Chinese: *qʰˤuʔ

Middle Chinese: xawX

2: love, like (v.)

Old Chinese: *qʰˤuʔ-s

Middle Chinese: xawH

好
1764
コウ（カウ）
この-む、す-く
like
好感
好評
こうかん
こうひょう
(n) good feeling/good will/favourable impression/favorable impression/(P)
(n) popularity/favorable reputation/favourable reputation/(P)

負

carry on the back

Old Chinese: *[b]əʔ

Middle Chinese: bjuwX

負
1765
フ
お-う、ま-かす、ま-ける
lose
勝負
負荷
しょうぶ
ふか
(n,vs) victory or defeat/match/contest/game/bout/(P)
(n,vs) burden/load (e.g. cpu time, electricity, etc.)/(P)

初

beginning

Old Chinese: *[ts]ʰra

Middle Chinese: tsrhjo

初
1766
ショ
うい、そ-める、はじ-め、はじ-めて、はつ
first
初日
当初
しょにち
とうしょ
(n-adv,n-t) first or opening day/(P)
(n-adv,n-t) at first/(P)

毄

撃
1767
擊
ゲキ
う-つ
beat
衝撃
攻撃
しょうげき
こうげき
(n,vs) shock/crash/impact/ballistic/(P)
(n,vs) attack/strike/offensive/criticism/censure/(P)

妾

concubine

Old Chinese: *[tsʰ]ap

Middle Chinese: tshjep

接
1768
セツ
つ-ぐ
contact
直接
接続
ちょくせつ
せつぞく
(adj-na,n-adv) direct/immediate/personal/firsthand/(P)
(n,vs) (1) connection/attachment/union/join/joint/link/(2) changing trains/(3) (abbr) conjunction/(P)

巽

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: sqʰuːns

選
1769
セン
えら-ぶ
choose
選択
予選
せんたく
よせん
(n,vs) selection/choice/option/(P)
(n,vs) nomination/primary/preliminary contest/(P)

犬

dog

Old Chinese: *[k]ʷʰˤ[e][n]ʔ

Middle Chinese: khwenX

犬
1770
ケン
いぬ
dog
愛犬
犬種
あいけん
けんしゅ
(n) pet dog/(P)
(n) breed of dog

三

1: three

Old Chinese: *s.rum (*s.r- > s-; infl. by 四 *s-?)

Middle Chinese: sam

2: three times

Old Chinese: *s.r[u]m-s (*s.r- > *s-, infl. by 四 *s-?)

Middle Chinese: samH

三
1771
サン
み、み-つ、みっ-つ
three
三昧
三重
さんまい
さんじゅう
(n) (1) samadhi (state of intense concentration achieved through meditation) (san:)/(n-suf) (2) concentrating on something/absorbing oneself in something
(n) triple/treble/threefold/three-ply/triplicate/(P)

羍

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: tʰaːd

達
1772
タツ
attain
達成
達人
たっせい
たつじん
(n,vs) achievement/(P)
(n) master/expert/(P)

看

1: to watch, guard

Old Chinese: *kʰˤa[r]

Middle Chinese: khan

2: gaze at

Old Chinese: *[kʰ]ˤa[r]-s

Middle Chinese: khanH

看
1773
カン
watch over
看板
看護
かんばん
かんご
(n) sign/signboard/doorplate/poster/billboard/appearance/figurehead/policy/attraction/closing time/(P)
(n,vs) nursing/(army) nurse/(P)

憩

rest (v.)

Old Chinese: *C.qʰa[t]-s

Middle Chinese: khjejH

憩
1774
ケイ
いこ-い、いこ-う
recess
休憩
休憩時間
きゅうけい
きゅうけいじかん
(n,vs) rest/break/recess/intermission/(P)
(n) rest time/intermission

徒

go on foot

Old Chinese: *[d]ˤa

Middle Chinese: du

徒
1775
ト
junior
生徒
徒歩
せいと
とほ
(n) pupil/(P)
(n) walking/going on foot/(P)

拜

bow, bend (v.)

Old Chinese: *C.pˤro[t]-s

Middle Chinese: peajH

拝
1776
拜
ハイ
おが-む
worship
拝見
参拝
はいけん
さんぱい
(n,vs) (hum) (pol) seeing/look at/(P)
(n,vs) visit to a shrine or temple/paying homage at a shrine or temple/(P)

報

repay

Old Chinese: *pˤuk-s

Middle Chinese: pawH

報
1777
ホウ
むく-いる
report
予報
天気予報
よほう
てんきよほう
(n,vs) forecast/prediction/(P)
(n) weather forecast/weather report/(P)

幵

even, level (Shuōwén)

Old Chinese: *[k]ˤe[r]

Middle Chinese: ken

研
1778
硏
ケン
と-ぐ
sharpen
研修
研究会
けんしゅう
けんきゅうかい
(n,vs) training (esp. in-service)/induction course/(P)
(n) (1) research society/(2) study class (e.g. religious)

昱

next day

Old Chinese: *ɢʷrəp (dialect: *-əp > *-up > *-uk)

Middle Chinese: yuwk

翌
1779
ヨク
the following
翌日
翌朝
よくじつ
よくちょう
(n-adv,n-t) next day/(P)
(n-adv,n-t) the next morning/(P)

鮮

1: fresh; good

Old Chinese: *[s][a]r

Middle Chinese: sjen

2: 鮮卑 *s[a]r.pe Xiānbēi

Old Chinese: *s[a]r

Middle Chinese: sjen

3: rare, few

Old Chinese: *[s][e]rʔ

Middle Chinese: sjenX

鮮
1780
セン
あざ-やか
fresh
新鮮
朝鮮
しんせん
ちょうせん
(adj-na) fresh/(P)
(n) Korea/(P)

討

examine; denounce

Old Chinese: *[t]ʰˤuʔ

Middle Chinese: thawX

討
1781
トウ（タウ）
う-つ
chastise
検討
検討中
けんとう
けんとうちゅう
(n,vs) consideration/examination/investigation/study/scrutiny/discussion/(P)
(n) under investigation/under consideration/under review/pending (decision, etc.)/awaiting verification

師

1: army

Old Chinese: *srij

Middle Chinese: srij

2: master

Old Chinese: *srij

Middle Chinese: srij

師
1782
シ
expert
師匠
講師
ししょう
こうし
(n) (1) master/teacher/(2) sumo coach who owns his stable/(P)
(n) lecturer/(P)

旅

military unit of 500 men; to go

Old Chinese: *[r]aʔ

Middle Chinese: ljoX

旅
1783
リョ
たび
trip
旅行記
旅館
りょこうき
りょかん
(n) journal of one's travels
(n) Japanese hotel/inn/ryokan/(P)

昏

dusk, dark

Old Chinese: *m̥ˤu[n]

Middle Chinese: xwon

婚
1784
コン
marriage
結婚式
離婚
けっこんしき
りこん
(n) marriage ceremony/wedding/(P)
(n,vs) divorce/(P)

了

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: reːwʔ

了
1785
リョウ（レウ）
finish
完了
終了後
かんりょう
しゅうりょうご
(n,vs) (1) completion/conclusion/(n) (2) (ling) perfective (form, aspect)/(P)
(n-adv,n-t) after the end (of something)/(P)

配

counterpart; be the counterpart of

Old Chinese: *pʰˤ[ə][j]-s

Middle Chinese: phwojH

配
1786
ハイ
くば-る
distribute
配信
配布
はいしん
はいふ
(n,vs) distribution/delivery/transmission/provision/(P)
(n,vs) distribution/(P)

料

measure (v.)

Old Chinese: *[r]ˤew-s

Middle Chinese: lewH

料
1787
リョウ（レウ）
fee
材料
調味料
ざいりょう
ちょうみりょう
(n) ingredients/material/(P)
(n) flavoring (e.g. salt, sugar, soy sauce, vinegar, etc.)/seasoning/(P)

析

split (v.)

Old Chinese: *[s]ˤek

Middle Chinese: sek

析
1788
セキ
chop
分析
解析
ぶんせき
かいせき
(n,vs) analysis/(P)
(n,vs) (1) analysis/(2) parsing/(P)

飛

fly (v.)

Old Chinese: *Cə.pə[r] (dialect: *-r > *-j)

Middle Chinese: pj+j

飛
1789
ヒ
と-ばす、と-ぶ
fly
飛行機
飛行
ひこうき
ひこう
(n) aeroplane/airplane/aircraft/(P)
(n,vs) aviation/(P)

夢

dream

Old Chinese: *C.məŋ-s

Middle Chinese: mjuwngH

夢
1790
ム
ゆめ
dream
夢中
悪夢
むちゅう
あくむ
(adj-na,n) daze/(in a) trance/ecstasy/delirium/engrossment/within a (deep) dream/(P)
(n) nightmare/bad dream/(P)

晝

daytime

Old Chinese: *truk-s

Middle Chinese: trjuwH

昼
1791
晝
チュウ（チウ）
ひる
daytime
昼間
昼飯
ちゅうかん
ちゅうはん
(n-adv,n-t) daytime/during the day
(n) lunch/midday meal

計

calculate

Old Chinese: *kˤij-s

Middle Chinese: kejH

計
1792
ケイ
はか-らう、はか-る
measure
余計
計算
よけい
けいさん
(adj-na,adv,n) too much/unnecessary/abundance/surplus/excess/superfluity/(P)
(n,vs) (1) calculation/reckoning/count/(2) forecast/(P)

敫

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: kleːwɢs

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: ɢlewɢ

3: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: kleːwɢ

激
1793
ゲキ
はげ-しい
violent
刺激
感激
しげき
かんげき
(n,vs) stimulus/impetus/incentive/encouragement/motivation/(P)
(n,vs) deep emotion/impression/inspiration/(P)

辭

words

Old Chinese: *sə.lə

Middle Chinese: zi

辞
1794
辭
ジ
や-める
resign
辞典
辞任
じてん
じにん
(n) dictionary/(P)
(vs) (1) to resign/(n) (2) resignation/(P)

殳

a kind of lance

Old Chinese: *[d]o

Middle Chinese: dzyu

投
1795
トウ
な-げる
throw
投票
投手
とうひょう
とうしゅ
(n,vs) voting/poll/(P)
(n) (baseball) pitcher/(P)

兩

a pair

Old Chinese: *p.raŋʔ

Middle Chinese: ljangX

両
1796
兩
リョウ（リャウ）
both
両方
車両
りょうほう
しゃりょう
(n) both sides/both parties/(P)
(n) rolling stock/railroad cars/vehicles/(P)

厶

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: sil

私
1797
シ
わたくし、わたし
me
私的
私事
してき
しじ
(adj-na,n) personal/private/proprietary/(P)
(n) personal affairs/(P)

進

advance (v.)

Old Chinese: *[ts][i][n]-s

Middle Chinese: tsinH

進
1798
シン
すす-む、すす-める
advance
進行
進化
しんこう
しんか
(n,vs) advance/progress/(P)
(n,vs) evolution/progress/(P)

芇

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: men

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: meːnʔ

3: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: maːn

満
1799
滿
マン
み-たす、み-ちる
full
満開
不満
まんかい
ふまん
(n,vs) full bloom/(P)
(adj-na,n) dissatisfaction/displeasure/discontent/complaints/unhappiness/disgruntled/(P)

繼

continue

Old Chinese: *[k]ˤ[e]-s

Middle Chinese: kejH

継
1800
繼
ケイ
つ-ぐ
inherit
継続
中継
けいぞく
ちゅうけい
(n,vs,adj-no) continuation/(P)
(n,vs) relay/hook-up/(P)

号

command, call (n.)

Old Chinese: *[g]ˤaw-s

Middle Chinese: hawH

号
1801
號
ゴウ（ガウ）
number
番号
信号
ばんごう
しんごう
(n) number/series of digits/(P)
(n,vs) traffic lights/signal/semaphore/(P)

亙

continuous; constant

Old Chinese: *[k]ˤəŋ-s

Middle Chinese: kongH

恒
1802
恆
コウ
constancy
恒例
恒久
こうれい
こうきゅう
(n) established practice/established practise/custom/(P)
(n,adj-no) permanent/perpetuity/(P)

動

move

Old Chinese: *[Cə-m-]tˤoŋʔ

Middle Chinese: duwngX

働
1803
ドウ
はたら-く
work
労働
労働者
ろうどう
ろうどうしゃ
(n,vs) manual labor/manual labour/toil/work/(P)
(n) (sens) laborer (labourer)/blue-collar worker/(P)

引

1: draw the bow

Old Chinese: *li[n]ʔ

Middle Chinese: yinX

2: draw the bow

Old Chinese: *li[n]ʔ-s

Middle Chinese: yinH

引
1804
イン
ひ-く、ひ-ける
pull
引退
引用
いんたい
いんよう
(n,vs) retire/(P)
(n,vs) quotation/citation/reference/(P)

具

arrange, provide

Old Chinese: *[g](r)o-s

Middle Chinese: gjuH

具
1805
グ
tool
道具
具体的
どうぐ
ぐたいてき
(n) implement/tool/means/(P)
(adj-na) concrete/tangible/definite/specific/(P)

服

1: quiver (n.)

Old Chinese: *[b]ək

Middle Chinese: bjuwk

2: garment; wear (v.)

Old Chinese: *[b]ək

Middle Chinese: bjuwk

3: subdue, submit

Old Chinese: *[b]ək

Middle Chinese: bjuwk

4: box of a carriage

Old Chinese: *[b]əʔ

Middle Chinese: bjuwX

服
1806
フク
clothes
洋服
服装
ようふく
ふくそう
(n) Western-style clothes (cf traditional Japanese clothes)/(P)
(n) garments/(P)

四

four

Old Chinese: *s.li[j]-s

Middle Chinese: sijH

四
1807
シ
よ、よ-つ、よっ-つ、よん
four
四国
四川
しこく
しせん
(n) Shikoku (smallest of the four main islands of Japan)
(n) Sichuan (China)/Szechuan/Szechwan

遣

1: send

Old Chinese: *[k]ʰe[n]ʔ

Middle Chinese: khjienX

2: grave goods

Old Chinese: *[k]ʰe[n]ʔ-s (*kʰ- doesn't palatalize)

Middle Chinese: khjienH

遣
1808
ケン
つか-う、つか-わす
dispatch
派遣
派遣社員
はけん
はけんしゃいん
(n,vs) dispatch/despatch/send/(P)
(n) temporary worker

患

calamity; distress

Old Chinese: *[g]ˤro[n]-s

Middle Chinese: hwaenH

患
1809
カン（クヮン）
わずら-う
afflicted
患者
疾患
かんじゃ
しっかん
(n) (a) patient/(P)
(n) disease/ailment/(P)

罪

crime, offense

Old Chinese: *[dz]ˤujʔ

Middle Chinese: dzwojX

罪
1810
ザイ
つみ
guilt
犯罪
謝罪
はんざい
しゃざい
(n) crime/(P)
(n,vs) apology/(P)

光

light, brightness

Old Chinese: *kʷˤaŋ

Middle Chinese: kwang

光
1811
コウ（クヮウ）
ひか-る、ひかり
ray
光景
日光
こうけい
にっこう
(n) scene/spectacle/(P)
(n) sunlight/(P)

革

1: hide, skin

Old Chinese: *kˤrək

Middle Chinese: keak

2: change (v.)

Old Chinese: *kˤrək

Middle Chinese: keak

革
1812
カク
かわ
leather
改革
革命
かいかく
かくめい
(n,vs) reform/reformation/innovation/(P)
(n) (1) revolution/(2) 58th year of the sexagenary cycle (in onmyou-dou)/(P)

連

1: [surname]

Old Chinese: *C.ra[n]

Middle Chinese: ljen

2: connect in a row

Old Chinese: *[r]a[n]

Middle Chinese: ljen

連
1813
レン
つ-れる、つら-なる、つら-ねる
take along
連勝
連合
れんしょう
れんごう
(n,vs) consecutive victories/series of victories/(P)
(n,vs) union/alliance/combination/(P)

互

intertwining

Old Chinese: *m-qˤaʔ-s

Middle Chinese: huH

互
1814
ゴ
たが-い
mutually
相互
交互
そうご
こうご
(n) mutual/reciprocal/(P)
(n,adj-no) mutual/reciprocal/alternate/(P)

水

water; river

Old Chinese: *s.turʔ (E dialect: *-r > *-j)

Middle Chinese: sywijX

水
1815
スイ
みず
water
清水
水分
せいすい
すいぶん
(n) (1) spring water/(2) clear (pure) water
(n) moisture/(P)

備

complete (adj.)

Old Chinese: *[b]rək-s

Middle Chinese: bijH

備
1816
ビ
そな-える、そな-わる
provide
備忘録
整備
びぼうろく
せいび
(n) notebook/memorandum
(n,vs) maintenance/servicing/outfitting/(P)

鬱

blocked; anxious

Old Chinese: *qut

Middle Chinese: 'jut

鬱
1817
ウツ
gloom
憂鬱
鬱病
ゆううつ
うつびょう
(adj-na,n) depression/melancholy/dejection/gloom/(P)
(n) melancholia/depression

爯

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: tʰjɯŋ

称
1818
稱
ショウ
appellation
自称
通称
じしょう
つうしょう
(n,vs) self-styled/would-be/calling oneself/(P)
(n,vs) popular name/nickname/alias/(P)

牛

ox

Old Chinese: *[ŋ]ʷə (< uvular?)

Middle Chinese: ngjuw

牛
1819
ギュウ（ギウ）
うし
cow
牛乳
牛肉
ぎゅうにゅう
ぎゅうにく
(n) (cow's) milk/(P)
(n) beef/(P)

算

calculate; tally

Old Chinese: *[s]ˤorʔ-s

Middle Chinese: swanH

算
1820
サン
calculate
予算
決算
よさん
けっさん
(n,vs) estimate/budget/(P)
(n) balance sheet/settlement of accounts/(P)

巳

6th earthly branch

Old Chinese: *s-[ɢ]əʔ

Middle Chinese: ziX

起
1821
キ
お-きる、お-こす、お-こる
wake up
起業
起床
きぎょう
きしょう
(n,vs) starting a business/promotion of enterprise
(n,vs) rising/getting out of bed/(P)

索

1: twist a rope

Old Chinese: *[s]ˤak

Middle Chinese: sak

2: search (v.)

Old Chinese: *[s]ˤak

Middle Chinese: sak

索
1822
サク
cord
検索結果
探索
けんさくけっか
たんさく
(n) (comp) search results
(n,vs) search/lookup/hunt/(item of) research/exploration/investigation/(P)

臱

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: men

辺
1823
邊
ヘン
あた-り、べ
environs
この辺
海辺
このへん
かいへん
(n) this area/around here
(n) beach/seashore

困

obstruct; distress

Old Chinese: *kʰˤu[n]-s

Middle Chinese: khwonH

困
1824
コン
こま-る
become distressed
困難
貧困
こんなん
ひんこん
(adj-na,n) difficulty/distress/(P)
(adj-na,n) poverty/lack/(P)

走

run

Old Chinese: *[ts]ˤoʔ

Middle Chinese: tsuwX

走
1825
ソウ
はし-る
run
走行
暴走
そうこう
ぼうそう
(n,vs) running a wheeled vehicle (e.g. car)/running to program, job, etc./traveling/travelling/(P)
(n,vs) running wildly/reckless driving/runaway/rampage/(P)

筋

sinew

Old Chinese: *C.[k]ə[n]

Middle Chinese: kj+n

筋
1826
キン
すじ
muscle
筋肉
筋肉痛
きんにく
きんにくつう
(n) muscle/sinew/(P)
(n) muscular pain/myalgia

霸

1: have hegemony

Old Chinese: *pˤrak-s

Middle Chinese: paeH

2: new moon

Old Chinese: *[pʰˤ]rak

Middle Chinese: phaek

覇
1827
霸
ハ
hegemony
制覇
連覇
せいは
れんぱ
(n,vs) conquest/domination/mastery/(P)
(n,vs) successive championships/(P)

老

old

Old Chinese: *C.rˤuʔ

Middle Chinese: lawX

老
1828
ロウ（ラウ）
お-いる、ふ-ける
old man
老人
老後
ろうじん
ろうご
(n) the aged/old person/(P)
(n) old age/(P)

頪

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: roːds

類
1829
類
ルイ
たぐ-い
sort
分類
書類
ぶんるい
しょるい
(n,vs) classification/categorization/sorting/(P)
(n) documents/official papers/(P)

刷

1: brush (v.)

Old Chinese: *[s]r[o]t (dialect: retains MC srj-)

Middle Chinese: srjwet

2: brush (v.)

Old Chinese: *[s]r[o]t

Middle Chinese: srwaet

刷
1830
サツ
す-る
printing
印刷
印刷物
いんさつ
いんさつぶつ
(n,vs) printing/(P)
(n) printed matter

族

clan

Old Chinese: *[dz]ˤok

Middle Chinese: dzuwk

族
1831
ゾク
tribe
民族
水族館
みんぞく
すいぞくかん
(n) people/race/nation/(P)
(n) aquarium/(P)

毒

1: poison (n.)

Old Chinese: *[d]ˤuk

Middle Chinese: dowk

2: to poison (v.)

Old Chinese: *m-[d]ˤuk-s

Middle Chinese: dowk

毒
1832
ドク
poison
中毒
気の毒
ちゅうどく
きのどく
(n,vs) (1) poisoning/(n-suf) (2) addiction/(P)
(adj-na,n) pitiful/unfortunate/(a) pity/(P)

冗

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: njoŋʔ

冗
1833
ジョウ
superfluous
冗談
冗長
じょうだん
じょうちょう
(n) jest/joke/(P)
(adj-na,n) (1) tedious/verbose/prolix/(2) redundancy

猒

1: satiate, satisfy

Old Chinese: *ʔem

Middle Chinese: 'jiem

2: satisfaction

Old Chinese: *ʔem-s

Middle Chinese: 'jiemH

圧
1834
壓
アツ
pressure
圧倒的
圧倒
あっとうてき
あっとう
(adj-na,n) overwhelming/(P)
(n,vs) overwhelm/overpower/overwhelming/(P)

器

vessel; instrument

Old Chinese: *[kʰ]r[ə][t]-s

Middle Chinese: khijH

器
1835
器
キ
うつわ
container
機器
武器
きき
ぶき
(n) machinery and tools/(P)
(n) weapon/arms/ordinance/(P)

衛

to guard

Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷ(r)a[t]-s

Middle Chinese: hjwejH

衛
1836
衞
エイ（ヱイ）
defense
防衛
自衛隊
ぼうえい
じえいたい
(n,vs) defense/defence/protection/self-defense/self-defence/(P)
(n) (1) self-defence force/self-defense force/(2) Japan Self-Defence Force/JSDF/(P)

往

go to

Old Chinese: *ɢʷaŋʔ

Middle Chinese: hjwangX

往
1837
オウ（ワウ）
outward journey
往復
右往左往
おうふく
うおうさおう
(n,vs) (col) round trip/coming and going/return ticket/(P)
(n,vs) move about in confusion/go every which way/going right and left/this way and that/(P)

牧

to herd, herdsman

Old Chinese: *mək

Middle Chinese: mjuwk

牧
1838
ボク
まき
breed
牧場
牧師
ぼくじょう
ぼくし
(n) (1) farm (livestock)/ranch (US)/station (Aus, NZ)/(2) pasture land/meadow/grazing land/(P)
(n) pastor/minister/clergyman/reverend/(P)

退

withdraw (≠ advance)

Old Chinese: *n̥ˤ[u]p-s

Middle Chinese: thwojH

退
1839
タイ
しりぞ-く、しりぞ-ける
retreat
退職
退院
たいしょく
たいいん
(n,vs) retirement (from office)/(P)
(n,vs) leaving hospital/(P)

曲

to bend

Old Chinese: *kʰ(r)ok

Middle Chinese: khjowk

曲
1840
キョク
ま-がる、ま-げる
musical composition
作曲
新曲
さっきょく
しんきょく
(n,vs) composition/setting (of music)/(P)
(n) new piece/new song/(P)

涉

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: djeb

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: teːb

渉
1841
涉
ショウ
ford
交渉
交渉人
こうしょう
こうしょうにん
(n,vs) (1) negotiations/discussions/(2) connection/(P)
(n) negotiator/bargainer/point man

災

calamity

Old Chinese: *[ts]ˤə

Middle Chinese: tsoj

災
1842
サイ
わざわ-い
disaster
災害
防災
さいがい
ぼうさい
(n) calamity/disaster/misfortune/(P)
(n) disaster prevention/(P)

幸

fortunate

Old Chinese: *[g]ˤreŋʔ

Middle Chinese: heangX

幸
1843
コウ（カウ）
さいわ-い、さち、しあわ-せ
happiness
不幸
幸福
ふこう
こうふく
(adj-na,n) unhappiness/sorrow/misfortune/disaster/accident/death/(P)
(adj-na,n) happiness/blessedness/(P)

典

statute, norm

Old Chinese: *tˤə[r]ʔ

Middle Chinese: tenX

典
1844
テン
code
特典
事典
とくてん
じてん
(n) special favor/special favour/privilege/(P)
(n) cyclopedia/encyclopedia/(P)

歰

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: srɯb

渋
1845
澁
ジュウ（ジフ）
しぶ、しぶ-い、しぶ-る
astringent
渋滞
苦渋
じゅうたい
くじゅう
(n,vs) congestion (e.g. traffic)/delay/stagnation/(P)
(n,vs) bitterness/mortification/difficulty in understanding/distress/affliction/(P)

瑣

1: chain

Old Chinese: *[s]ˤojʔ

Middle Chinese: swaX

2: small, fragment

Old Chinese: *[s]ˤojʔ

Middle Chinese: swaX

鎖
1846
サ
くさり
chain
閉鎖
連鎖
へいさ
れんさ
(n,vs) closing/closure/shutdown/lockout/unsociable/(P)
(n,vs) (1) chain/chaining/catena/connection/(2) (genetic) linkage/(P)

厚

thick

Old Chinese: *Cə.[g]ˤ(r)oʔ

Middle Chinese: huwX

厚
1847
コウ
あつ-い
thick
濃厚
厚生
のうこう
こうせい
(adj-na,n) density/richness/concentration/tension/(P)
(n) (1) welfare/public welfare/social welfare/(2) (abbr) (former) Ministry of Health and Welfare/(P)

發

fly forth, send forth

Old Chinese: *Cə.pat

Middle Chinese: pjot

廃
1848
廢
ハイ
すた-る、すた-れる
abolish
廃止
廃棄物
はいし
はいきぶつ
(n,vs) abolition/repeal/(P)
(n) waste matter/waste/garbage/trash

緐

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: ban

繁
1849
繁
ハン
luxuriant
頻繁
繁栄
ひんぱん
はんえい
(adj-na) frequent/incessant/(P)
(n,vs) prospering/prosperity/thriving/flourishing/(P)

垔

dam up, block; mound

Old Chinese: *[q]i[n]

Middle Chinese: 'jin

煙
1850
エン
けむ-い、けむ-る、けむり
smoke
禁煙
喫煙
きんえん
きつえん
(exp) (1) No Smoking!/Smoking Prohibited!/(n,vs) (2) abstaining from smoking/quitting smoking/(P)
(n,vs) smoking/(P)

克

carry; able; dominate

Old Chinese: *kʰˤək

Middle Chinese: khok

克
1851
コク
overcome
克服
克明
こくふく
こくめい
(n,vs) subjugation/conquest/victory/(P)
(adj-na,n) detailed/elaborate/faithfulness/diligence/conscientiousness/(P)

蚤

flea

Old Chinese: *tsˤuʔ

Middle Chinese: tsawX

騒
1852
騷
ソウ（サウ）
さわ-ぐ
boisterous
騒動
騒音
そうどう
そうおん
(n,vs) strife/riot/rebellion/(P)
(n) noise/(P)

須

1: beard

Old Chinese: *C-[s.n]o

Middle Chinese: sju

2: 斯須 a short time

Old Chinese: *[s]o

Middle Chinese: sju

須
1853
ス
by all means
必須
急須
ひっす
きゅうす
(adj-na,n) indispensable/required/(P)
(n) small teapot

丽

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: reːls

麗
1854
レイ
うるわ-しい
lovely
華麗
奇麗
かれい
きれい
(adj-na,n) splendor/splendour/magnificence/(P)
(adj-na) (1) (uk) pretty/lovely/beautiful/fair/(2) clean/clear/pure/tidy/neat/(3) completely/entirely/(P)

宰

steward; minister

Old Chinese: *[ts]ˤəʔ

Middle Chinese: tsojX

宰
1855
サイ
superintend
主宰
主宰者
しゅさい
しゅさいしゃ
(n,vs) supervision/chairmanship/(P)
(n) president/chairman

閉

close (v.); obstruct

Old Chinese: *pˤi[t]-s

Middle Chinese: pejH

閉
1856
ヘイ
し-まる、し-める、と-ざす、と-じる
closed
閉店
閉幕
へいてん
へいまく
(n,vs) closing shop/(P)
(n,vs) falling of the curtain/(P)

贊

assist

Old Chinese: *tsˤarʔ-s

Middle Chinese: tsanH

賛
1857
贊
サン
approve
絶賛
賛成
ぜっさん
さんせい
(n,vs) high praise/great admiration/rave reviews
(n,vs) approval/agreement/support/favour/favor/(P)

豚

1: drag feet; withdraw

Old Chinese: *lˤu[n]ʔ

Middle Chinese: dwonX

2: young pig

Old Chinese: *lˤu[n]

Middle Chinese: dwon

豚
1858
トン
ぶた
pork
豚肉
豚骨
とんにく
とんこつ
(n) pork
(n) dish made with pork belly and bones, simmered with miso, sake, vegetables, etc. (from Kagoshima)

耑

tip (n.)

Old Chinese: *tˤor

Middle Chinese: twan

端
1859
タン
は、はし、はた
edge
途端
極端
とたん
きょくたん
(n) just (now, at the moment, etc.)/(P)
(adj-na,n) extreme/extremity/(P)

匋

kiln; pottery

Old Chinese: *[l]ˤu

Middle Chinese: daw

陶
1860
トウ（タウ）
pottery
陶芸
陶器
とうげい
とうき
(n) ceramic art/ceramics/(P)
(n) pottery/ceramics/(P)

鼓

drum (n.)

Old Chinese: *[k]ˤaʔ

Middle Chinese: kuX

鼓
1861
コ
つづみ
drum
太鼓
鼓動
たいこ
こどう
(n) drum/(P)
(n,vs) beat/palpitation/pulsation/throbbing/(P)

宁

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: da

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: daʔ

貯
1862
チョ
savings
貯金
貯蔵
ちょきん
ちょぞう
(n,vs) (bank) savings/(P)
(n,vs) storage/preservation/(P)

勞

1: toil

Old Chinese: *[r]ˤaw

Middle Chinese: law

2: to reward for toil

Old Chinese: *[r]ˤaw-s

Middle Chinese: lawH

労
1863
勞
ロウ（ラウ）
labour
ご苦労
労務
ごくろう
ろうむ
(adj-na,int,n) (hon) trouble (I have put you through)
(n) labor/labour/work/service/(P)

桀

1: remarkable; hero

Old Chinese: *N-[k]at

Middle Chinese: gjet

2: perch for fowls

Old Chinese: *m-[k]at

Middle Chinese: gjet

3: lift, raise

Old Chinese: *[k]at

Middle Chinese: kjet

傑
1864
ケツ
greatness
傑作
怪傑
けっさく
かいけつ
(adj-na,n) (1) masterpiece/best work/(2) blunder/boner/(P)
(n) man of extraordinary talent/wonder man

妟

宴
1865
エン
banquet
宴会
披露宴
えんかい
ひろうえん
(n) party/banquet/(P)
(n) reception (wedding)/(P)

威

awe-inspiring

Old Chinese: *ʔuj

Middle Chinese: 'jw+j

威
1866
イ（ヰ）
intimidate
脅威
威力
きょうい
いりょく
(n,vs) threat/menace/(P)
(n) power/might/authority/influence/(P)

森

dense trees

Old Chinese: *s.rəm

Middle Chinese: srim

森
1867
シン
もり
forest
森林
森林公園
しんりん
しんりんこうえん
(n) forest/woods/(P)
(n) forest park

幻

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: ɡʷreːns

幻
1868
ゲン
まぼろし
phantasm
幻想
幻想的
げんそう
げんそうてき
(n) illusions/(P)
(adj-na) fantastic/magical/wondrous/whimsical/fairytale-like/romantic

匿

conceal

Old Chinese: *nr[ə]k

Middle Chinese: nrik

匿
1869
トク
hide
匿名
匿名性
とくめい
とくめいせい
(n) anonymity/pseudonym/(P)
(n) anonymity

没

没
1870
沒
ボツ
drown
出没
沈没
しゅつぼつ
ちんぼつ
(n,vs) appearing frequently/infesting/appearance and disappearance/(P)
(n,vs) sinking/foundering/(P)

田

field; to hunt

Old Chinese: *lˤiŋ

Middle Chinese: den

田
1871
デン
た
rice paddy
神田
上田
しんでん
じょうでん
(n) (arch) field affiliated with a shrine (the tax-exempt proceeds of its harvest going to pay for shrine operations)
(n) high rice field/very fertile rice field/(P)

戌

11th earthly branch

Old Chinese: *s.mi[t]

Middle Chinese: swit

滅
1872
メツ
ほろ-びる、ほろ-ぼす
destroy
滅多
消滅
めった
しょうめつ
(adj-na,n) (uk) thoughtless/reckless/seldom (neg. verb)/careless/(P)
(n,vs) (1) lapse/annihilation (physics)/(2) extinguishment/termination (e.g. of legal representation)/(P)

犀

rhinoceros

Old Chinese: *s.lˤəj

Middle Chinese: sej

遅
1873
遲
チ
おく-らす、おく-れる、おそ-い
slow
遅刻
遅延
ちこく
ちえん
(n,vs) lateness/late coming/(P)
(n,vs) delay/latency/(P)

息

1: breathe

Old Chinese: *sək

Middle Chinese: sik

2: 安息 Ānxī (Iranian country in the western regions, W. Hàn; from Aršaka = Arsaces, founder of the Arsacid dynasty)

Old Chinese: *sək

Middle Chinese: sik

息
1874
ソク
いき
breath
生息
休息
せいそく
きゅうそく
(n,vs) inhabiting/living/(P)
(n,vs) rest/relief/relaxation/(P)

别

別
1875
ベツ
わか-れる
separate
個別
別名
こべつ
べつみょう
(n,adj-no) particular case/discrete/individual/separate/(P)
(n) alias/pseudonym/pen name/nom de plume

棄

throw away, abandon

Old Chinese: *[kʰ]i[t]-s

Middle Chinese: khjijH

棄
1876
キ
abandon
放棄
廃棄
ほうき
はいき
(n,vs) abandonment/renunciation/resignation/abdication (responsibility, right)/(P)
(n,vs) annulment/disposal/abandon/scrap/discarding/repeal/(P)

染

to dye

Old Chinese: *C.n[a]mʔ

Middle Chinese: nyemX

染
1877
セン
し-み、し-みる、そ-まる、そ-める
dye
感染
感染症
かんせん
かんせんしょう
(n,vs) infection/contagion/(P)
(n) infectious disease/infection/(P)

奏

bring forward; perform (music)

Old Chinese: *tsˤo(ʔ)-s

Middle Chinese: tsuwH

奏
1878
ソウ
かな-でる
play music
演奏会
奏者
えんそうかい
そうしゃ
(n) concert
(n) instrumentalist/player/(P)

郵

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: ɢʷɯ

郵
1879
ユウ（イウ）
mail
郵便局
郵政
ゆうびんきょく
ゆうせい
(n) post office/(P)
(n) postal system/(P)

肉

meat, flesh

Old Chinese: *k.nuk

Middle Chinese: nyuwk

肉
1880
ニク
meat
肉体
皮肉
にくたい
ひにく
(n) the body/the flesh/(P)
(adj-na,n) cynicism/sarcasm/irony/satire/(P)

頻

1: frequently

Old Chinese: *[b]i[n]

Middle Chinese: bjin

2: river bank

Old Chinese: *[m-p]i[n]

Middle Chinese: bjin

頻
1881
頻
ヒン
repeatedly
頻度
頻発
ひんど
ひんぱつ
(n) frequency/(P)
(n,vs) frequency/frequent occurrence/(P)

養

1: long, longing

Old Chinese: *[ɢ](r)aŋʔ

Middle Chinese: yangX

2: nourish, raise

Old Chinese: *[ɢ]aŋʔ

Middle Chinese: yangX

養
1882
ヨウ（ヤウ）
やしな-う
foster
養成
休養
ようせい
きゅうよう
(n,vs) training/development/(P)
(n,vs) rest/break/recreation/(P)

卷

1: roll (v.)

Old Chinese: *[k](r)o[n]ʔ

Middle Chinese: kjwenX

2: handsome

Old Chinese: *[g]ʷren

Middle Chinese: gjwen

圏
1883
圈
ケン
sphere
首都圏
圏内
しゅとけん
けんない
(n) the capital city (often Tokyo) area (typically within 50 km of city's centre) (center)/(P)
(n) within the sphere/(P)

乳

milk; nipple

Old Chinese: *noʔ

Middle Chinese: nyuX

乳
1884
ニュウ
ち、ちち
milk
豆乳
離乳食
とうにゅう
りにゅうしょく
(n) soy milk
(n) baby food

厷

雄
1885
ユウ
お、おす
male
英雄
雄大
えいゆう
ゆうだい
(n) hero/great man/(P)
(adj-na,n) grandeur/magnificence/splendour/splendor/(P)

履

tread on; sandal

Old Chinese: *[r]ijʔ

Middle Chinese: lijX

履
1886
リ
は-く
footgear
履歴
履歴書
りれき
りれきしょ
(n) personal history/background/career/log/record/(P)
(n) personal history/curriculum vitae/resume/(P)

圣

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: kʰuːd

怪
1887
カイ（クヮイ）
あや-しい、あや-しむ
suspicious
妖怪
怪獣
ようかい
かいじゅう
(n) ghost/apparition/phantom/spectre/specter/demon/monster/goblin/(P)
(n) monster/(P)

帚

broom

Old Chinese: *[t.p]əʔ

Middle Chinese: tsyuwX

婦
1888
フ
lady
専業主婦
婦人
せんぎょうしゅふ
ふじん
(n) a housewife
(n) (sens) woman/lady/adult female/(P)

孚

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: pʰuw

浮
1889
フ
う-かぶ、う-かべる、う-かれる、う-く
floating
浮上
浮遊
ふじょう
ふゆう
(n,vs) surfacing/rising to the surface/(P)
(n,vs) floating/wandering/suspension/(P)

閑

1: idle

Old Chinese: *N-kˤre[n]

Middle Chinese: hean

2: great; large-minded

Old Chinese: *[g]ˤra[n]

Middle Chinese: hean

3: well-trained

Old Chinese: *[g]ˤra[n]

Middle Chinese: hean

4: bar, barrier

Old Chinese: *[g]ˤra[n]

Middle Chinese: hean

閑
1890
カン
leisure
閑話
有閑
かんわ
ゆうかん
(n,vs) quiet talk/gossip
(n) leisured

火

fire

Old Chinese: *[qʷʰ]ˤəjʔ

Middle Chinese: xwaX

火
1891
カ（クヮ）
ひ、ほ*
fire
火曜
火山
かよう
かざん
(n-adv,n) (abbr) Tuesday/(P)
(n) volcano/(P)

爽

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: sraŋʔ

爽
1892
ソウ（サウ）
さわ-やか
refreshing
爽快
気分爽快
そうかい
きぶんそうかい
(adj-na,n) refreshing/exhilarating
(n) feeling great (refreshed)

粦

will-o'-the wisp

Old Chinese: *[r]ə[n]

Middle Chinese: lin

隣
1893
リン
とな-る、となり
neighboring
近隣
隣接
きんりん
りんせつ
(n) neighbourhood/neighborhood/vicinity/(P)
(n,vs) adjoin/adjacent/related/(P)

宷

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: hljɯmʔ

審
1894
シン
examine
審判
審判
しんばん
しんぱん
(n,vs) refereeing/trial/judgement/judgment/umpire/referee
(n,vs) refereeing/trial/judgement/judgment/umpire/referee/(P)

彗

broom; comet

Old Chinese: *s-[ɢ]ʷe[t]-s

Middle Chinese: zjwejH

雪
1895
セツ
ゆき
snow
大雪
小雪
たいせつ
しょうせつ
(n) (1) heavy snow/(2) "major snow" solar term (approx. Dec. 7)
(n) "minor snow" solar term (approx. Nov. 22)

濕

to flap (sc. the ears)

Old Chinese: *[qʰ]ip

Middle Chinese: syip

湿
1896
濕
シツ
しめ-す、しめ-る
damp
湿度
湿原
しつど
しつげん
(n) level of humidity/(P)
(n) marshy grassland/wetlands/(P)

抑

1: and, but, or

Old Chinese: *[ʔ](r)ik

Middle Chinese: 'ik

2: rub, repress

Old Chinese: *[ʔ]ik

Middle Chinese: 'ik

抑
1897
ヨク
おさ-える
repress
抑制
抑圧
よくせい
よくあつ
(n,vs) control/restraint/suppression/(P)
(n,vs) check/restraint/oppression/suppression/(P)

奮

spread wings and fly

Old Chinese: *(Cə.)pə[r]-s (W dialect)

Middle Chinese: pjunH

奮
1898
フン
ふる-う
stirred up
奮戦
奮発
ふんせん
ふんぱつ
(n,vs) hard fighting
(n,vs) (1) strenuous exertion/spurt/(2) splurge/(P)

壴

stand for musical instruments

Old Chinese: *toʔ-s

Middle Chinese: trjuH

樹
1899
ジュ
trees
樹木
大樹
じゅもく
たいじゅ
(n) trees and shrubs/arbour/arbor/(P)
(n) large tree/big tree/huge tree

缶

earthenware

Old Chinese: *p(r)uʔ

Middle Chinese: pjuwX

宝
1900
寶
ホウ
たから
treasure
宝庫
秘宝
ほうこ
ひほう
(n) treasury/treasure house/(P)
(n) treasure/treasured article

彭

(place name)

Old Chinese: *C.[b]ˤraŋ

Middle Chinese: baeng

膨
1901
ボウ（バウ）
ふく-らむ、ふく-れる
swell
膨大
膨張
ぼうだい
ぼうちょう
(adj-na,n) huge/bulky/enormous/extensive/swelling/expansion/(P)
(n,vs) expansion/swelling/increase/growth/(P)

逸

flee

Old Chinese: *[l]i[t]

Middle Chinese: yit

逸
1902
逸
イツ
deviate
秀逸
逸品
しゅういつ
いっぴん
(adj-na,n) excellence/(P)
(n) article of rare beauty/gem/(P)

匚

container, box (Shuōwén)

Old Chinese: *paŋ

Middle Chinese: pjang

匠
1903
ショウ（シャウ）
artisan
巨匠
意匠
きょしょう
いしょう
(n) master/masterhand/maestro/(P)
(n) design/(P)

扇

leaf of door (: fan?)

Old Chinese: *[l̥][a][r]-s

Middle Chinese: syenH

扇
1904
セン
おうぎ
fan
扇風機
扇子
せんぷうき
せんす
(n) electric fan/(P)
(n) folding fan/(P)

夕

evening, night

Old Chinese: *s-ɢAk

Middle Chinese: zjek

夕
1905
セキ
ゆう
evening
夕陽
朝夕
せきよう
ちょうせき
(n) setting sun
(n-adv,n-t) morning and evening/from morning until night/constantly

虐

cruel

Old Chinese: *[ŋ](r)awk

Middle Chinese: ngjak

虐
1906
ギャク
しいた-げる
tyrannize
虐待
虐殺
ぎゃくたい
ぎゃくさつ
(n,vs) ill-treatment/oppression/(P)
(n,vs) atrocity/massive killing/(P)

邕

city moat

Old Chinese: *[q](r)oŋ (< *[q](r)om)

Middle Chinese: 'jowng

擁
1907
ヨウ
embrace
擁護
人権擁護
ようご
じんけんようご
(n) (1) protection/advocacy/support/defence/championship/vindication/(vs) (2) to protect (e.g. rights, etc.)/to advocate (e.g. free trade, etc.)/to support/(P)
(n) protection of human rights/(P)

幽

dark; secluded

Old Chinese: *[ʔ](r)iw

Middle Chinese: 'jiw

幽
1908
ユウ（イウ）
seclude
幽霊
幽玄
ゆうれい
ゆうげん
(n) ghost/specter/spectre/apparition/phantom/(P)
(adj-na,n) occult/mystery

鬲

1: yoke

Old Chinese: *C.qˤik

Middle Chinese: keak

2: tripod with hollow legs

Old Chinese: *k.rˤek

Middle Chinese: lek

隔
1909
カク
へだ-たる、へだ-てる
isolate
間隔
隔離
かんかく
かくり
(n) space/interval/SPC/(P)
(n,vs) isolation/segregation/separation/quarantine/(P)

妥

at ease

Old Chinese: *n̥ˤojʔ

Middle Chinese: thwaX

妥
1910
ダ
gentle
妥協
妥当
だきょう
だとう
(n,vs) compromise/giving in/(P)
(adj-na,n) valid/proper/right/appropriate/(P)

雙

a pair

Old Chinese: *[s]roŋ

Middle Chinese: sraewng

双
1911
雙
ソウ（サウ）
ふた
pair
無双
双方
むそう
そうほう
(n,adj-no) peerless/unparalleled/unparallelled/matchless
(adj-no,n-adv,n) two way/both parties/mutual/both/(P)

肥

fat (adj.)

Old Chinese: *[b][ə]r

Middle Chinese: bj+j

肥
1912
ヒ
こ-える、こ-やし、こ-やす、こえ
fertilizer
肥料
肥満
ひりょう
ひまん
(n) manure/fertilizer/fertiliser/(P)
(n,vs) corpulence/fatness/obesity/(P)

八

eight

Old Chinese: *pˤret

Middle Chinese: peat

八
1913
ハチ
や、や-つ、やっ-つ、よう*
eight
八月
八苦
はちがつ
はっく
(n-adv) August/(P)
(n) (Buddh) the eight kinds of suffering (birth, old age, disease, death, parting from loved ones, meeting disliked ones, not getting what one seeks, pains of the five skandha)

啓

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: kʰeːʔ

啓
1914
ケイ
disclose
啓発
拝啓
けいはつ
はいけい
(n,vs) enlightenment/development/edification/(P)
(int,n) Dear (so and so)/(P)

血

blood

Old Chinese: *m̥ˤik

Middle Chinese: xwet

血
1915
ケツ
ち
blood
血統
熱血
けっとう
ねっけつ
(n) lineage/pedigree/family line/birth
(n) hot blood/zeal/fervor/fervour/ardor

盡

1: exhaust (v.)

Old Chinese: *tsi[n]ʔ

Middle Chinese: tsinX

2: exhaust (v.)

Old Chinese: *m-tsi[n]ʔ

Middle Chinese: dzinX

尽
1916
盡
ジン
つ-かす、つ-きる、つ-くす
exhaust
理不尽
尽力
りふじん
じんりょく
(adj-na,n) unreasonable/irrational/(P)
(n,vs) efforts/assistance/(P)

葬

bury

Old Chinese: *[ts]ˤaŋ-s

Middle Chinese: tsangH

葬
1917
ソウ（サウ）
ほうむ-る
interment
葬式
葬祭
そうしき
そうさい
(n) funeral/(P)
(n) funerals and ceremonial occasions/(P)

而

and, but

Old Chinese: *nə

Middle Chinese: nyi

耐
1918
タイ
た-える
resistant
耐震
忍耐
たいしん
にんたい
(n) resistant to earthquakes
(n,vs) endurance/perseverance/patience/(P)

彖

running pig

Old Chinese: *l̥ˤo[r]-s

Middle Chinese: thwanH

縁
1919
緣
エン
ふち
affinity
無縁
縁起
むえん
えんぎ
(adj-na,n) unrelated/without relations/unidentified/indifferent/(P)
(n) omen/(P)

替

discard

Old Chinese: *n̥ˤi[t]-s

Middle Chinese: thejH

替
1920
タイ
か-える、か-わる
exchange
代替
交替
だいたい
こうたい
(n,vs) (1) change of ownership/substitution/subrogation/alternation/(adj-f) (2) alternative/substitute/(P)
(n,vs) alternation/change/relief/relay/shift/substitution (sports, etc.)/(P)

幼

young

Old Chinese: *[ʔ](r)iw-s

Middle Chinese: 'jiwH

幼
1921
ヨウ（エウ）
おさな-い
infancy
幼少
乳幼児
ようしょう
にゅうようじ
(n,adj-na,adj-no) infancy/childhood/tender age/(P)
(n) infants/babies/(P)

臿

pestle

Old Chinese: *[tsʰ]op

Middle Chinese: tsrheap

挿
1922
插
ソウ（サフ）
さ-す
insert
挿入
挿入歌
そうにゅう
そうにゅうか
(n,vs) insertion/incorporation/infixing/(P)
(n) background music/(movie or commercial) soundtrack/featured songs

嘼

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: qʰlus

獣
1923
獸
ジュウ（ジウ）
けもの
animal
獣医
野獣
じゅうい
やじゅう
(n) veterinarian/(P)
(n) beast/monster/wild animal/(P)

肅

1: solemn, severe

Old Chinese: *siwk

Middle Chinese: sjuwk

2: contract (v.); shrivel

Old Chinese: *siwk

Middle Chinese: sjuwk

3: present (v.)

Old Chinese: *siwk

Middle Chinese: sjuwk

4: beat (v.)

Old Chinese: *siwk

Middle Chinese: sjuwk

5: eager; swift

Old Chinese: *siwk

Middle Chinese: sjuwk

粛
1924
肅
シュク
solemn
自粛
厳粛
じしゅく
げんしゅく
(n,vs) (1) self-control/self-discipline/self-restraint/(2) Japanese custom of apology followed by reclusion when caught doing something/(P)
(adj-na,n) gravity/solemnity/severity/seriousness/dignity/rigor/rigour/austerity/(P)

桑

mulberry tree

Old Chinese: *[s]ˤaŋ

Middle Chinese: sang

桑
1925
ソウ（サウ）
くわ
mulberry
桑田
扶桑
そうでん
ふそう
(n) mulberry plantation/(P)
(n) land east of China/Japan

稚

young

Old Chinese: *lrəj-s

Middle Chinese: drijH

稚
1926
チ
immature
幼稚
幼稚園児
ようち
ようちえんじ
(adj-na,n) infancy/childish/infantile/(P)
(n) kindergartener/pre-schooler

戹

part of a yoke

Old Chinese: *qˤ[i]k

Middle Chinese: 'eak

厄
1927
ヤク
unlucky
厄介
災厄
やっかい
さいやく
(adj-na,n) trouble/burden/care/bother/worry/dependence/support/kindness/obligation/(P)
(n) calamity/disaster/accident

喜

joy; rejoice

Old Chinese: *qʰ(r)əʔ

Middle Chinese: xiX

喜
1928
キ
よろこ-ぶ
rejoice
一喜一憂
歓喜
いっきいちゆう
かんき
(exp) now rejoicing, now worrying/swinging from joy to sorrow/glad and sad by turns/alternating hope and fear/unable to put one's mind at ease/(P)
(n,vs) delight/great joy/(P)

奪

seize

Old Chinese: *Cə.lˤot

Middle Chinese: dwat

奪
1929
ダツ
うば-う
rob
争奪
争奪戦
そうだつ
そうだつせん
(n,vs) struggle/contest/(P)
(n) contest/competition/struggle/argument

臽

small pit

Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ˤromʔ-s

Middle Chinese: heamH

陥
1930
陷
カン
おちい-る、おとしい-れる
collapse
欠陥
陥落
けっかん
かんらく
(n) defect/fault/deficiency/(P)
(n,vs) fall/sinking/surrender/capitulation/(P)

枴

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: kʷroːlʔ

Middle Chinese: kʷreːiʔ

拐
1931
カイ
kidnap
誘拐
誘拐事件
ゆうかい
ゆうかいじけん
(n,vs) abduction/kidnapping/kidnaping/(P)
(n) kidnapping/kidnaping

炭

charcoal, coal

Old Chinese: *[tʰ]ˤa[n]-s

Middle Chinese: thanH

炭
1932
タン
すみ
charcoal
炭酸
炭素
たんさん
たんそ
(n) carbonic acid/(P)
(n) carbon (C)/(P)

盜

steal

Old Chinese: *[d]ˤaw(k)-s

Middle Chinese: dawH

盗
1933
盜
トウ（タウ）
ぬす-む
steal
盗難
強盗
とうなん
ごうとう
(n) theft/robbery/(P)
(n) (1) robber/mugger/(2) robbery/burglary/(P)

龖

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: l'ɯːb

襲
1934
シュウ（シフ）
おそ-う
attack
襲撃
襲来
しゅうげき
しゅうらい
(n,vs) attack/charge/raid/(P)
(n,vs) invasion/raid/attack/visitation (of a calamity)

孛

1: comet

Old Chinese: *[b]ˤ[u]t-s

Middle Chinese: bwojH

2: comet

Old Chinese: *[b]ˤ[u]t

Middle Chinese: bwot

勃
1935
ボツ
rise
勃発
勃起
ぼっぱつ
ぼっき
(n,vs) outbreak (e.g. war)/outburst/sudden occurrence
(n,vs) (male) erection/standing erect/stiffening

肯

to be willing

Old Chinese: *kʰˤəŋʔ

Middle Chinese: khongX

肯
1936
コウ
agreement
肯定
肯定的
こうてい
こうていてき
(n,vs) positive/affirmation/(P)
(adj-na) affirmative

尋

1: warm up

Old Chinese: *sə-l[ə]m (< *-um ?)

Middle Chinese: zim

2: measure of 8 chǐ 尺

Old Chinese: *sə-l[ə]m

Middle Chinese: zim

尋
1937
ジン
たず-ねる
inquire
尋常
千尋
じんじょう
せんじん
(adj-na,n,adj-no) common/usual/(P)
(n) (1) great depth (lit: thousand fathoms)/bottomless/(2) great height

卂

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: sins

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: tods

迅
1938
ジン
swift
迅速
奮迅
じんそく
ふんじん
(adj-na,n) quick/fast/rapid/swift/prompt/(P)
(n) impetuous dash forward

丸

1: pellet; ball

Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷˤar

Middle Chinese: hwan

2: 烏丸 Wūhuán: Avars (W. Hàn)

Old Chinese: *ɦʷˤar (< *[ɢ]ʷˤar)

Middle Chinese: hwan

丸
1939
ガン（グヮン）
まる、まる-い、まる-める
circle
弾丸
一丸
だんがん
いちがん
(n) bullet/shot/shell/(P)
(n) lump/(into) one/(P)

胃

stomach

Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷə[t]-s

Middle Chinese: hjw+jH

胃
1940
イ（ヰ）
stomach
胃腸
胃痛
いちょう
いつう
(adj-na,n) stomach/gastrointestine/(P)
(n) stomach-ache/stomach pain/gastralgia

劣

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: rod

劣
1941
レツ
おと-る
inferiority
劣化
劣勢
れっか
れっせい
(n,vs) deterioration/degradation/(P)
(adj-na,n) numerical inferiority/(P)

凹

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: qriːw

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: qriːb

凹
1942
オウ（アフ）
concave
凸凹
凹凸
とつおう
おうとつ
(adj-na,n) unevenness/roughness/ruggedness
(n) unevenness/roughness/ruggedness/(P)

乎

1: (Q particle)

Old Chinese: *ɢˤa

Middle Chinese: hu

2: in, at

Old Chinese: *ɢˤa

Middle Chinese: hu

呼
1943
コ
よ-ぶ
call
深呼吸
連呼
しんこきゅう
れんこ
(n,vs) deep breath
(n,vs) calling repeatedly

昌

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: tʰjaŋ

唱
1944
ショウ（シャウ）
とな-える
chant
熱唱
提唱
ねっしょう
ていしょう
(n,vs) singing enthusiastically
(n,vs) advocacy/proposal/(P)

亂

disorder, rebellion

Old Chinese: *[r]ˤo[n]-s

Middle Chinese: lwanH

乱
1945
亂
ラン
みだ-す、みだ-れる
riot
乱入
乱暴
らんにゅう
らんぼう
(n,vs) trespassing
(adj-na,n,vs) rude/violent/rough/lawless/unreasonable/reckless/(P)

晶

bright, limpid

Old Chinese: *tseŋ

Middle Chinese: tsjeng

晶
1946
ショウ（シャウ）
sparkle
結晶
水晶
けっしょう
すいしょう
(n,vs) crystal/crystallization/crystallisation/(P)
(n) crystal/(P)

冉

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: njam

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: njamʔ

那
1947
ナ
what
支那
支那人
しな
しなじん
(n) China (now regarded as derogatory)
(n) (sens) Chinese person

顯

display, manifest

Old Chinese: *qʰˤenʔ

Middle Chinese: xenX

顕
1948
顯
ケン
appear
顕著
顕微鏡
けんちょ
けんびきょう
(adj-na,n) remarkable/striking/obvious/(P)
(n) microscope/(P)

黽

toad

Old Chinese: *mˤrəŋʔ

Middle Chinese: meangX

縄
1949
繩
ジョウ
なわ
straw rope
縄文
縄文時代
じょうもん
じょうもんじだい
(n) Jomon period/straw-rope pattern/(P)
(n) the Jomon period

股

thigh

Old Chinese: *kʷˤaʔ

Middle Chinese: kuX

股
1950
コ
また
crotch
股関節
股間
こかんせつ
こかん
(n) hip joint/coxa
(n) nether region/between the legs

敖

1: tall

Old Chinese: *[ŋ]ˤaw

Middle Chinese: ngaw

2: saunter about

Old Chinese: *ŋˤaw

Middle Chinese: ngaw

傲
1951
ゴウ（ガウ）
be proud
傲慢
傲岸
ごうまん
ごうがん
(adj-na,n) pride/haughtiness/arrogance/insolence/hubris
(adj-na,n) haughtiness/pride

爵

nobility, rank

Old Chinese: *[ts]ewk

Middle Chinese: tsjak

爵
1952
シャク
baron
男爵
伯爵
だんしゃく
はくしゃく
(n) (1) baron/(2) Irish cobbler (variety of potato)/(P)
(n) count/earl/(P)

遷

move (v.)

Old Chinese: *[tsʰ]ar

Middle Chinese: tshjen

遷
1953
セン
transition
変遷
遷都
へんせん
せんと
(n,vs) change/transition/vicissitudes/(P)
(n,vs) relocation of the capital/transfer of the capital/(P)

六

six

Old Chinese: *k.ruk

Middle Chinese: ljuwk

六
1954
ロク
む、む-つ、むい*、むっ-つ
six
十六
六月
じゅうろく
ろくがつ
(n) 16/sixteen/(P)
(n-adv) June/(P)

皃

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: mreːwɢs

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: mreːwɢ

貌
1955
ボウ（バウ）
appearance
変貌
風貌
へんぼう
ふうぼう
(n,vs) transfiguration/(P)
(n) looks/appearance

伏

1: hatch (v.)

Old Chinese: *[b]ək-s

Middle Chinese: bjuwH

2: lie prostrate

Old Chinese: *[b]ək

Middle Chinese: bjuwk

伏
1956
フク
ふ-す、ふ-せる
prostrated
伏線
起伏
ふくせん
きふく
(n) preparation/foreshadowing/underplot (in a novel)/precautionary measures/(P)
(n,vs) (1) undulation/(2) ups and downs/highs and lows/(P)

羅

a kind of net (on a handle?) (Shuōwén: 'bird net')

Old Chinese: *rˤaj

Middle Chinese: la

羅
1957
ラ
gauze
羅針盤
沙羅
らしんばん
さら
(n) compass/(P)
(n) sal tree

寒

cold

Old Chinese: *Cə.[g]ˤa[n]

Middle Chinese: han

寒
1958
カン
さむ-い
cold
寒天
寒気
かんてん
かんき
(n) (1) freezing weather/(2) agar-agar/vegetable gelatin
(n) (1) cold/coldness/cold air/(P)

瞿

a kind of lance

Old Chinese: *[g]ʷ(r)a

Middle Chinese: gju

惧
1959
グ
dread
危惧
絶滅危惧種
きぐ
ぜつめつきぐしゅ
(n,vs) fear/misgivings/(P)
(n) endangered species

衰

1: mourning clothes

Old Chinese: *[s.r̥]ˤruj

Middle Chinese: tshwoj

2: reduce

Old Chinese: *[tsʰ]roj

Middle Chinese: tsrhjwe

3: diminish, decline

Old Chinese: *sruj

Middle Chinese: srwij

衰
1960
スイ
おとろ-える
decline
衰退
盛衰
すいたい
せいすい
(n,vs) decline/decay/(P)
(n) rise and fall/ups and downs/welfare/vicissitudes/(P)

頤

chin

Old Chinese: *[ɢ](r)ə

Middle Chinese: yi

姫
1961
キ
ひめ
princess
美姫
びき
(n) beautiful maiden/beauty

並

side by side, together

Old Chinese: *[b]ˤeŋʔ

Middle Chinese: bengX

並
1962
竝
ヘイ
なみ、なら-びに、なら-ぶ、なら-べる
line-up
並行
並列
へいこう
へいれつ
(adj-na,n,vs) (going) side by side/concurrent/abreast/at the same time/occurring together/parallel/parallelism/(P)
(n,vs) arrangement/parallel/abreast/(P)

辱

disgrace

Old Chinese: *nok

Middle Chinese: nyowk

辱
1963
ジョク
はずかし-める
embarrass
屈辱
侮辱
くつじょく
ぶじょく
(n) disgrace/humiliation/(P)
(n,vs) insult/contempt/slight/(P)

旋

1: turn around; return

Old Chinese: *s-ɢʷen

Middle Chinese: zjwen

2: whorl of hair on the head

Old Chinese: *s-ɢʷen-s

Middle Chinese: zjwenH

旋
1964
セン
rotation
旋律
旋風
せんりつ
せんぷう
(n) melody/tune/(P)
(n) (1) whirlwind/(2) commotion/sensation/hullabaloo/(P)

巾

kerchief

Old Chinese: *krən

Middle Chinese: kin

巾
1965
キン
towel
巾着
雑巾
きんちゃく
ぞうきん
(n) pouch/hanger-on/purse/handbag
(n) house-cloth/dust cloth/(P)

戉

a kind of axe

Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷat

Middle Chinese: hjwot

越
1966
エツ（ヱツ）
こ-える、こ-す
cross over
上越
超越
じょうえつ
ちょうえつ
(n) area on Japan Sea side of Japan, including Niigata/(P)
(n) (1) transcendence/transcendency/(adj-f) (2) transcendental/(vs) (3) to transcend/to rise above/(P)

慶

happy, rejoice

Old Chinese: *[kʰ]raŋ-s

Middle Chinese: khjaengH

慶
1967
ケイ
jubilation
慶応
弁慶
けいおう
べんけい
(n) Keiou era (1865.4.7-1868.9.8)
(n) strong man/(P)

豐

1: luxuriant, abundant (K)

Old Chinese: *pʰ(r)oŋ

Middle Chinese: phjowng

2: luxuriant, abundant (K)

Old Chinese: *pʰ(r)oŋ

Middle Chinese: phjowng

3: a kind of ritual vessel

Old Chinese: *pʰ(r)oŋ

Middle Chinese: phjowng

4: kind of ritual vessel

Old Chinese: *pʰ(r)oŋ (MC F!)

Middle Chinese: phjuwng

豊
1968
豐
ホウ
ゆた-か
bountiful
豊作
経験豊富
ほうさく
けいけんほうふ
(n) abundant harvest/bumper crop/(P)
(n,adj-na) experienced/well-versed/(P)

鳴

cry (of birds or animals)

Old Chinese: *m.reŋ

Middle Chinese: mjaeng

鳴
1969
メイ
な-く、な-らす、な-る
chirp
共鳴
雷鳴
きょうめい
らいめい
(n,vs) resonance/sympathetic (sound)/(being in) sympathy/(P)
(n) thunder/(P)

掃

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: suːʔ

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: suːs

掃
1970
ソウ（サウ）
は-く
sweep
一掃
清掃員
いっそう
せいそういん
(n,vs) clean sweep/(P)
(n) garbage man/garbage collector

巿

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: pub

Middle Chinese: pud

肺
1971
ハイ
lungs
肺炎
肺活量
はいえん
はいかつりょう
(n) pneumonia/(P)
(n) lung capacity

玉

jade

Old Chinese: *[ŋ](r)ok (< uvular?)

Middle Chinese: ngjowk

玉
1972
ギョク
たま
ball
珠玉
玉砕
しゅぎょく
ぎょくさい
(n) gem/jewel/(P)
(n,vs) honourable defeat/honorable defeat/honourable death/honorable death/(P)

丑

2d earthly branch

Old Chinese: *[n̥]ruʔ

Middle Chinese: trhjuwX

羞
1973
シュウ（シウ）
feel ashamed
羞恥心
羞恥
しゅうちしん
しゅうち
(n) shyness/shame
(n) shyness/bashfulness

丘

hill, mound

Old Chinese: *[k]ʷʰə

Middle Chinese: khjuw

丘
1974
キュウ（キウ）
おか
hill
丘陵
砂丘
きゅうりょう
さきゅう
(n) hill/(P)
(n) sand dune/sand hill/(P)

栗

chestnut tree

Old Chinese: *[r]i[t]

Middle Chinese: lit

慄
1975
リツ
fear
戦慄
慄然
せんりつ
りつぜん
(n,vs) shudder/shiver/tremble with fear/horrible/terrible/hair-raising
(n,adj-t,adv-to) horror/shudder/trembling

羽

feather, wing

Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷ(r)aʔ

Middle Chinese: hjuX

羽
1976
ウ
は、はね
feather
羽化
羽毛
うか
うもう
(n,vs) emergence (of insects)/growing wings and flying
(n) feathers/plumage/down/(P)

躬

body, person

Old Chinese: *k(r)uŋ

Middle Chinese: kjuwng

窮
1977
キュウ
きわ-まる、きわ-める
hard up
窮屈
窮地
きゅうくつ
きゅうち
(adj-na,n) narrow/tight/stiff/rigid/uneasy/formal/constrained/(P)
(n) dilemma/predicament/(P)

囷

round granary

Old Chinese: *kʰrun

Middle Chinese: khwin

菌
1978
キン
germ
細菌
乳酸菌
さいきん
にゅうさんきん
(n) bacillus/bacterium/germ/(P)
(n) lactic-acid bacilli

畀

give

Old Chinese: *pi[t]-s

Middle Chinese: pjijH

鼻
1979
ビ
はな
nose
鼻炎
鼻息
びえん
びそく
(n) nasal inflammation
(n) (1) nasal breathing

萈

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: ɡoːn

寛
1980
寬
カン（クヮン）
tolerant
寛容
寛大
かんよう
かんだい
(adj-na,n) forbearance/tolerance/generosity/(P)
(adj-na,n) tolerance/liberality/leniency/(P)

郭

outer wall

Old Chinese: *kʷˤak

Middle Chinese: kwak

郭
1981
カク（クヮク）
enclosure
輪郭
城郭
りんかく
じょうかく
(n) contours/outlines/features/(P)
(n) fortress/castle/citadel/enclosure/castle walls/(P)

窄

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: ʔsraːɡ

搾
1982
サク
しぼ-る
squeeze
搾取
搾乳
さくしゅ
さくにゅう
(n,vs) exploitation/squeezing/sweating/(P)
(n,vs) milking (a cow)/(P)

竊

steal

Old Chinese: *[tsʰ]ˤet

Middle Chinese: tshet

窃
1983
竊
セツ
stealth
窃盗
窃盗団
せっとう
せっとうだん
(n,vs) theft/stealing/larceny/(P)
(n) group of thieves

彚

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: ɢruds

彙
1984
イ（ヰ）
same kind
語彙
語彙力
ごい
ごいりょく
(n) (ling) vocabulary/lexicon/lexis/terminology/(P)
(n) (the extent of) one's vocabulary

傘

umbrella, parasol

Old Chinese: *[s]ˤarʔ

Middle Chinese: sanX

傘
1985
サン
かさ
umbrella
傘下
落下傘
さんか
らっかさん
(n) affiliated with/under jurisdiction of/under the umbrella/(P)
(n) parachute

曇

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: duːm

曇
1986
ドン
くも-る
cloudy weather
曇天
晴曇
どんてん
せいどん
(n) dull (cloudy) weather
(n) fine weather and cloudy

沓

join, unite

Old Chinese: *m-rˤəp

Middle Chinese: dop

踏
1987
トウ（タフ）
ふ-まえる、ふ-む
step
舞踏会
踏襲
ぶとうかい
とうしゅう
(n) ball/dance
(n,vs) following (e.g. suit, in someone's footsteps, etc.)

妃

consort; match

Old Chinese: *pʰ[ə][j]

Middle Chinese: phj+j

妃
1988
ヒ
queen
王妃
皇太子妃
おうひ
こうたいしひ
(n) queen/(P)
(n) crown princess/(P)

后

sovereign; queen

Old Chinese: *ɢˤ(r)oʔ

Middle Chinese: huwX

后
1989
コウ
empress
皇后
皇太后
こうごう
こうたいこう
(n) (Japanese) empress/queen/(P)
(n) Queen Mother/Empress Dowager

耎

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: njonʔ

軟
1990
ナン
やわ-らか、やわ-らかい
soft
柔軟性
軟弱
じゅうなんせい
なんじゃく
(n) compatibility/pliability/softness/elasticity
(adj-na,n) weakness/(P)

尾

tail

Old Chinese: *[m]əjʔ

Middle Chinese: mj+jX

尾
1991
ビ
お
tail
最後尾
語尾
さいこうび
ごび
(n) end of a line (queue)/(P)
(n) (inflected) end of a word

仌

氷
1992
ヒョウ
こおり、ひ
ice
氷室
氷点下
ひょうしつ
ひょうてんか
(n) ice house/ice room/cold room
(n) below freezing/(P)

丹

cinnabar

Old Chinese: *tˤan

Middle Chinese: tan

丹
1993
タン
cinnabar
丹念
丹精
たんねん
たんせい
(adj-na,n) assiduity/diligence/application/(P)
(n,vs) working earnestly/sincerity/diligence/effort/pains

韱

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: sem

繊
1994
纖
セン
slender
食物繊維
繊維質
しょくもつせんい
せんいしつ
(n) dietary fiber/dietary fibre
(n) dietary fiber (fibre)

泰

great

Old Chinese: *l̥ˤa[t]-s

Middle Chinese: thajH

泰
1995
タイ
peaceful
安泰
泰山木
あんたい
たいさんぼく
(adj-na,n) peace/security/tranquility/tranquillity/(P)
(n) evergreen magnolia/Southern magnolia/Magnolia grandiflora

片

half; partial

Old Chinese: *pʰˤe[n]-s

Middle Chinese: phenH

片
1996
ヘン
かた
one-sided
破片
片言
はへん
へんげん
(n) fragment/splinter/broken piece/(P)
(n) brief remark/few words

龜

1: tortoise

Old Chinese: *[k]ʷə

Middle Chinese: kjuw

2: tortoise

Old Chinese: *[k]ʷrə

Middle Chinese: kwij

亀
1997
龜
キ
かめ
turtle
亀裂
亀甲
きれつ
きこう
(n) crack/crevice/fissure/chap/(P)
(n) tortoise shell

亨

1: penetrate

Old Chinese: *qʰˤraŋ

Middle Chinese: xaeng

2: (loan for) to boil

Old Chinese: *[p.qʰ]ˤraŋ

Middle Chinese: phaeng

3: sacrificial offering

Old Chinese: *[qʰ]aŋʔ

Middle Chinese: xjangX

享
1998
キョウ（キャウ）
receive
享受
享年
きょうじゅ
きょうねん
(n,vs) reception/acceptance/enjoyment/being given/(P)
(n) one's age at death

賏

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: qreŋs

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: qeŋ

桜
1999
櫻
オウ（アウ）
さくら
cherry tree
桜花
桜桃
おうか
おうとう
(n) cherry blossom/(P)
(n) cherry (tree; esp. sweet cherry or Nanking cherry)

艷

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: lams

艶
2000
艷
エン
つや
glossy
妖艶
艶姿
ようえん
えんし
(adj-na,n) fascinating/voluptuous
(n) charming figure/alluring figure

念

think of

Old Chinese: *nˤim-s

Middle Chinese: nemH

捻
2001
ネン
twist
捻出
捻転
ねんしゅつ
ねんてん
(n,vs) contriving (to raise funds)/working out (a solution)
(n,vs) twisting/torsion

匊

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: kluɡ

菊
2002
キク
chrysanthemum
春菊
秋明菊
しゅんぎく
しゅうめいぎく
(n) edible chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum coronarium)
(n) (uk) Japanese anemone/Anemone hupehensis var. japonica

帥

leader (of an army)

Old Chinese: *s-rut-s

Middle Chinese: srwijH

帥
2003
スイ
commander
総帥
元帥
そうすい
げんすい
(n) commander/leader/(P)
(n) (field) marshal/(fleet) admiral/general of the army/(P)

乏

lack (v.)

Old Chinese: *[b](r)[o]p

Middle Chinese: bjop

乏
2004
ボウ（ボフ）
とぼ-しい
scarce
貧乏性
欠乏
びんぼうしょう
けつぼう
(n) destined to poverty
(n,vs) want/shortage/famine/(P)

絲

silk

Old Chinese: *[s]ə

Middle Chinese: si

糸
2005
絲
シ
いと
thread
抜糸
金糸
ばっし
きんし
(n,vs) removal (extraction) of stitches/removal of sutures
(n) gold thread

奧

1: southwest corner of a house

Old Chinese: *ʔˤuk-s

Middle Chinese: 'awH

2: cove in the bank of a stream

Old Chinese: *ʔ(r)uk

Middle Chinese: 'juwk

奥
2006
奧
オウ（アウ）
おく
heart
奥義
奥州
おうぎ
おうしゅう
(n) secrets/mysteries/esoterica/hidden purpose
(n) interior province/the interior/northern part of Japan

囚

prisoner

Old Chinese: *sə.lu

Middle Chinese: zjuw

囚
2007
シュウ（シウ）
captured
死刑囚
囚人
しけいしゅう
しゅうじん
(n) criminals condemned to death/(P)
(n) prisoner/(P)

聶

promise; whisper in one's ear

Old Chinese: *nrep

Middle Chinese: nrjep

摂
2008
攝
セツ
vicarious
摂理
不摂生
せつり
ふせっせい
(n,vs) (divine) Providence/(P)
(adj-na,n) neglect of health/intemperance

綿

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: men

綿
2009
メン
わた
cotton
綿密
綿毛
めんみつ
めんもう
(adj-na,n) minute/detailed/careful/scrupulous/thorough/(P)
(n) down/fuzz/fluff

巢

nest

Old Chinese: *[dz]ˤraw

Middle Chinese: dzraew

巣
2010
巢
ソウ
す
nest
卵巣
営巣
らんそう
えいそう
(n) ovary/(P)
(n,vs) building a nest

弓

bow (n.)

Old Chinese: *kʷəŋ

Middle Chinese: kjuwng

弓
2011
キュウ
ゆみ
bow (archery, violin)
弓道
弓矢
きゅうどう
きゅうし
(n) (Japanese) archery/(P)
(n) bow and arrow

拶

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: ʔslaːd

拶
2012
サツ
be imminent
御挨拶
挨拶状
ごあいさつ
あいさつじょう
(n) (1) (pol) greeting/(2) a fine thing to say (used as part of a sarcastic response to a rude remark)
(n) greeting card

脊

spine, backbone

Old Chinese: *[ts]ek

Middle Chinese: tsjek

脊
2013
セキ
stature
脊髄
脊椎
せきずい
せきつい
(n) spinal cord/(P)
(n) spine/vertebral column

蔑

destroy; not have

Old Chinese: *mˤet

Middle Chinese: met

蔑
2014
ベツ
さげす-む
ignore
軽蔑
蔑視
けいべつ
べっし
(n,vs) scorn/disdain/(P)
(n,vs) contempt/derision/slight

薦

grass, fodder

Old Chinese: *Cə.tsˤə[r]-s

Middle Chinese: tsenH

薦
2015
セン
すす-める
recommend
自薦
推薦図書
じせん
すいせんとしょ
(n,vs) self-recommendation/(P)
(n) recommended books/recommended reading

寡

few

Old Chinese: *[C.k]ʷˤraʔ

Middle Chinese: kwaeX

寡
2016
カ（クヮ）
widow
寡黙
寡占
かもく
かせん
(adj-na,n) silent (person)/shy/(P)
(n) oligopoly/(P)

弔

1: arrive

Old Chinese: *tˤ[i]wk

Middle Chinese: tek

2: grieved; condole

Old Chinese: *tˤ[e]wk-s

Middle Chinese: tewH

弔
2017
チョウ（テウ）
とむら-う
condolences
弔辞
弔問
ちょうじ
ちょうもん
(n) message of condolence/memorial address/(P)
(n,vs) condolence call/(P)

穴

cave, pit

Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷˤi[t]

Middle Chinese: hwet

穴
2018
ケツ
あな
hole
墓穴
風穴
ぼけつ
ふうけつ
(n) grave, specifically the hole in the ground/(P)
(n) cave from which cold wind blows/(P)

肩

shoulder (n.)

Old Chinese: *[k]ˤe[n]

Middle Chinese: ken

肩
2019
ケン
かた
shoulder
路肩
肩甲骨
ろけん
けんこうこつ
(n) shoulder of a road/berm
(n) shoulder-blade/scapula

毀

demolish

Old Chinese: *[m̥](r)ajʔ

Middle Chinese: xjweX

毀
2020
キ
destroy
毀損
名誉毀損
きそん
めいよきそん
(n,vs) damage/injury/defamation/waste
(n) libel/defamation/slander/character assassination

羨

1: covet, desire

Old Chinese: *s-N-qa[r]-s

Middle Chinese: zjenH

2: surplus, affluence

Old Chinese: *s-[ɢ]a[n]-s

Middle Chinese: zjenH

3: extend; go forward

Old Chinese: *[ɢ]a[n]

Middle Chinese: yen

羨
2021
セン
うらや-ましい、うらや-む
envy
羨望
ペニス羨望
せんぼう
ペニスせんぼう
(n,vs) envy
(n) penis envy

尿

urine

Old Chinese: *kə.nˤewk-s

Middle Chinese: newH

尿
2022
ニョウ（ネウ）
urine
尿検査
泌尿器
にょうけんさ
ひにょうき
(n) urine analysis
(n) urinary organs/(P)

逐

pursue

Old Chinese: *[l]riwk

Middle Chinese: drjuwk

逐
2023
チク
pursue
駆逐
逐一
くちく
ちくいち
(n,vs) extermination/expulsion/destruction/(P)
(adv) one by one/in detail/minutely/(P)

罷

1: stop, cease

Old Chinese: *[b]ˤrajʔ

Middle Chinese: beaX

2: wear out, exhaust

Old Chinese: *[b]raj

Middle Chinese: bje

罷
2024
ヒ
quit
罷免
罷免権
ひめん
ひめんけん
(n,vs) dismissal/discharge/(P)
(n) authority to dismiss someone (from a position)

尺

foot (measure)

Old Chinese: *tʰAk

Middle Chinese: tsyhek

尺
2025
シャク
shaku
尺度
尺八
しゃくど
しゃくはち
(n) linear measure/scale/(P)
(n) (1) shakuhachi/end-blown fippleless bamboo flute/(2) (X) (vulg) blow job/oral sex (penis in mouth)/fellatio/(P)

畏

fear (v.); threaten

Old Chinese: *ʔuj-s

Middle Chinese: 'jw+jH

畏
2026
イ（ヰ）
おそ-れる
fear
畏敬
畏怖
いけい
いふ
(n,vs) reverence/awe/respect
(n,vs) awe/fear/fright

灰

ashes

Old Chinese: *m̥ˤə

Middle Chinese: xwoj

灰
2027
カイ（クヮイ）
はい
ashes
石灰
石灰岩
せっかい
せっかいがん
(n) lime/quicklime/caustic lime/(P)
(n) limestone

孔

(surname)

Old Chinese: *[k]ʰˤoŋʔ

Middle Chinese: khuwngX

孔
2028
コウ
cavity
孔子
瞳孔
こうし
どうこう
(n) Confucius
(adj-na,n) pupil/pupillary

坙

茎
2029
莖
ケイ
くき
stalk
包茎
花茎
ほうけい
かけい
(n) phimosis
(n) stem of flower

巤

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: rab

猟
2030
獵
リョウ（レフ）
game-hunting
猟奇
猟師
りょうき
りょうし
(n) seeking the bizarre
(n) hunter/huntsman/(P)

奈

cope with

Old Chinese: *nˤa[t]-s

Middle Chinese: najH

奈
2031
ナ
what
奈落
京阪奈
ならく
けいはんな
(n) hell/hades/eternity/theatre basement/theater basement
(n) (uk) Kyoto-Osaka-Nara

盍

thatch, cover (v.)

Old Chinese: *m-[k]ˤap

Middle Chinese: hap

蓋
2032
ガイ
ふた
cover
頭蓋骨
頭蓋骨
ずがいこつ
とうがいこつ
(n) skull/cranium
(n) skull/cranium

淫

excess; licentious

Old Chinese: *N.r[ə]m

Middle Chinese: yim

淫
2033
イン
みだ-ら
lewdness
淫乱
淫行
いんらん
いんこう
(adj-na,n) debauchery/lewdness/lasciviousness
(n) obscenity/harlotry

寧

peace

Old Chinese: *nˤeŋ

Middle Chinese: neng

寧
2034
ネイ
rather
懇切丁寧
丁寧語
こんせつていねい
ていねいご
(n,adj-na) (an explanation, advice, etc. being) kind, careful, and thorough
(n) (ling) polite language (i.e. masu, desu, etc.)

剌

wicked; spicy

Old Chinese: *mə.rˤat (~ C.rˤat ?)

Middle Chinese: lat

辣
2035
ラツ
bitter
辛辣
悪辣
しんらつ
あくらつ
(adj-na,n) bitter/sharp/acrimonious
(adj-na) crafty/vicious/unscrupulous/sharp

吳

shout; name of a state

Old Chinese: *ŋʷˤa

Middle Chinese: ngu

呉
2036
ゴ
give
呉服
呉服店
ごふく
ごふくてん
(n) draperies/dry-goods/piece goods/(P)
(n) dry-goods store

舟

boat

Old Chinese: *tu

Middle Chinese: tsyuw

舟
2037
シュウ（シウ）
ふな*、ふね
boat
舟券
同舟
しゅうけん
どうしゅう
(n) boat race betting ticket
(n,vs) shipmates/fellow passengers

熏

smoke (v.); vapor, odor

Old Chinese: *qʰu[n]

Middle Chinese: xjun

薫
2038
薰
クン
かお-る
fragrant
薫風
薫製
くんぷう
くんせい
(n) balmy breeze/summer breeze
(adj-no) smoking (of fish, meat, etc.)

款

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: kʰloːnʔ

款
2039
カン（クヮン）
goodwill
定款
落款
ていかん
らっかん
(n) articles of incorporation/company statute/(P)
(n,vs) sign and seal/signature

瓦

roof tile

Old Chinese: *C.ŋʷˤra[j]ʔ

Middle Chinese: ngwaeX

瓦
2040
ガ（グヮ）
かわら
tile
瓦解
青瓦台
がかい
せいがだい
(n,vs) collapse/downfall
(n) the Blue House (South Korea's presidential palace)

閏

intercalary month

Old Chinese: *nu[n]-s

Middle Chinese: nywinH

潤
2041
ジュン
うる-む、うるお-う、うるお-す
wet
潤沢
利潤
じゅんたく
りじゅん
(adj-na,n) luster/lustre/favor/favour/abundance/plenty
(n) profit/returns/(P)

斗

1: bushel; ladle

Old Chinese: *tˤoʔ

Middle Chinese: tuwX

2: ladle

Old Chinese: *toʔ

Middle Chinese: tsyuX

斗
2042
ト
Big Dipper
北斗星
北斗七星
ほくとせい
ほくとしちせい
(n) the Great Bear/the Great Dipper/Ursa Major
(n) the Great Bear/the Great Dipper/Ursa Major

弄

manipulate, play with

Old Chinese: *[r]ˤoŋ-s

Middle Chinese: luwngH

弄
2043
ロウ
もてあそ-ぶ
tamper with
愚弄
嘲弄
ぐろう
ちょうろう
(n,vs) mockery/derision/ridicule
(n,vs) scorn/mockery/ridicule

旉

敷
2044
フ
し-く
spread
敷設
海底電線敷設船
ふせつ
かいていでんせんふせつせん
(n,vs) construction/laying (a road)/(P)
(n) cable layer

疊

double, accumulate

Old Chinese: *lˤ[i]p

Middle Chinese: dep

畳
2045
疊
ジョウ（デフ）
たた-む、たたみ
tatami mat
一畳
半畳
いちじょう
はんじょう
(n) one mat
(n) half mat/hissing/heckling

肙

small worm (Shuōwén)

Old Chinese: *qʷˤen

Middle Chinese: 'wen

絹
2046
ケン
きぬ
silk
絹糸
正絹
けんし
しょうけん
(n) silk thread/(P)
(n) pure silk

屚

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: roːs

漏
2047
ロウ
も-らす、も-る、も-れる
leak
早漏
漏水
そうろう
ろうすい
(n) premature ejaculation
(n,vs) leakage

戊

5th heavenly stem

Old Chinese: *m(r)uʔ-s (~ *m(r)uʔ)

Middle Chinese: muwH

茂
2048
モ
しげ-る
overgrown
繁茂
茂林
はんも
もりん
(n,vs) luxuriant growth/(P)
(n) luxuriant (dense) forest

敕

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: tʰɯɡ

勅
2049
敕
チョク
imperial order
勅使
勅語
ちょくし
ちょくご
(n) imperial messenger
(n) imperial rescript

津

ford (n.)

Old Chinese: *[ts]i[n]

Middle Chinese: tsin

津
2050
シン
つ
haven
興味津津
津津
きょうみしんしん
しんしん
(adj-no,adj-t,adv-to) very interesting/of absorbing interest/having a keen interest (in)/being immensely curious (about)
(adj-na,n) being full/brimfull

隙

crack (n.)

Old Chinese: *[k]ʰrak

Middle Chinese: khjaek

隙
2051
ゲキ
すき
fissure
間隙
空隙
かんげき
くうげき
(n) gap
(n) vacant space/aperture/gap/opening

隻

single

Old Chinese: *tek

Middle Chinese: tsyek

隻
2052
セキ
vessels
一隻
隻眼
いっせき
せきがん
(n) one boat/one ship
(n) eye (for pictures, etc.)/one eye

夌

mound, hill

Old Chinese: *[r]əŋ

Middle Chinese: ling

陵
2053
リョウ
みささぎ
mausoleum
陵辱
御陵
りょうじょく
ごりょう
(n,vs) (1) insult/affront/disgrace/indignity/(2) sexual assault/rape
(n) imperial tomb

舀

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: lowʔ

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: lu

3: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: lo

稲
2054
稻
トウ（タウ）
いな*、いね
rice plant
稲門
水稲
とうもん
すいとう
(n) alumni of Waseda University
(n) wet-land rice/(P)

巴

1: snake

Old Chinese: *pˤra

Middle Chinese: pae

2: [place name]

Old Chinese: *pˤra

Middle Chinese: pae

把
2055
ハ
grasp
状況把握
現状把握
じょうきょうはあく
げんじょうはあく
(n) one's grasp of the situation/knowing how matters stand
(n) grasping the present situation/having an accurate grasp of the situation

凸

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: dɯːd

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: duːd

凸
2056
トツ
convex
凸版
凸版印刷
とっぱん
とっぱんいんさつ
(n) letterpress/relief printing/(P)
(n) letterpress/relief printing/(P)

羔

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: kluː

窯
2057
ヨウ（エウ）
かま
kiln
窯業
官窯
ようぎょう
かんよう
(n) ceramics/ceramic industry/(P)
(n) governmental porcelain furnace

虒

(place name)

Old Chinese: *s.le

Middle Chinese: sje

逓
2058
遞
テイ
relay
逓減
逓信省
ていげん
ていしんしょう
(n,vs) successive diminution
(n) (obs) Ministry of Communications and Transportation (dissolved in 1949)

冶

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: laːʔ

冶
2059
ヤ
melting
冶金
陶冶
やきん
とうや
(n) metallurgy
(n,vs) training/education/cultivation

壹

one

Old Chinese: *ʔi[t]

Middle Chinese: 'jit

壱
2060
壹
イチ
one (falsification prevention)
壱万円
金壱万円
いちまんえん
きんいちまんえん
(n) 10,000 Yen
(n) 10,000 Yen

匹

one of a pair

Old Chinese: *pʰi[t]

Middle Chinese: phjit

匹
2061
ヒツ
ひき
equal
匹夫
馬匹
ひっぷ
ばひつ
(n) (humble) man/coarse man/rustic
(n) horses

爪

claw

Old Chinese: *[ts]ˤuʔ

Middle Chinese: tsraewX

爪
2062
ソウ（サウ）
つま*、つめ
claw
爪牙
有爪動物
そうが
ゆうそうどうぶつ
(n) claws and tusks/devious design/right-hand man
(n) velvet worm (Onychophora)

彡

to sacrifice on a following day

Old Chinese: *m.rum (dialect: *-um > *-uŋ)

Middle Chinese: yuwng

杉
2063
サン
すぎ
cedar
老杉
ろうさん
(n) (arch) old cryptomeria

繭

cocoon

Old Chinese: *kˤ[e][n]ʔ

Middle Chinese: kenX

繭
2064
ケン
まゆ
cocoon
繭糸
収繭
けんし
しゅうけん
(n) silk thread/(P)
(n) cocoon crop

阜

big mound

Old Chinese: *[b](r)uʔ

Middle Chinese: bjuwX

阜
2065
フ
mound
阜頭
陰阜
ふとう
いんふ
(iK) (n) pier/wharf/quay
(n) mons veneris/mons pubis

乂

1: mow, cut (v.)

Old Chinese: *ŋa[t]-s

Middle Chinese: ngjojH

2: mow; regulate

Old Chinese: *ŋa[t]-s

Middle Chinese: ngjojH

刈
2066
ガイ
か-る
reap
刈除
がいじょ
(n,vs) removal/cut off/mowing

凷

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: kʰuːds

届
2067
屆
カイ
とど-く、とど-ける
deliver

奄

cover

Old Chinese: *ʔ(r)omʔ

Middle Chinese: 'jemX

俺
2068
エン
おれ
I; we

熊

bear (n.)

Old Chinese: *C.[ɢ]ʷ(r)əm

Middle Chinese: hjuwng

熊
2069
ユウ
くま
bear

豖

hobbled pig (Shuōwén)

Old Chinese: *tʰrok

Middle Chinese: trhjowk

塚
2070
塚
チョウ
つか
hillock

月

moon, month

Old Chinese: *[ŋ]ʷat

Middle Chinese: ngjwot

月
2071
ゲツ、ガツ（グヮツ）
つき
month; moon
前月
翌月
正月
五月
ぜんげつ
よくげつ
しょうがつ
ごがつ
(n) last month/previous month
(n-adv,n-t) following month/(P)
(n) New Year/New Year's Day/the first month/January/(P)
(n-adv) May/(P)

自

1: self (adv.)

Old Chinese: *s.[b]i[t]-s

Middle Chinese: dzijH

2: to follow; from

Old Chinese: *s.[b]i[t]-s

Middle Chinese: dzijH

自
2072
シ、ジ
みずか-ら
oneself
自然
大自然
自分
自動
しぜん
だいしぜん
じぶん
じどう
(adj-na,n) (1) nature/spontaneity/(adv,adv-to) (2) naturally/spontaneously/(P)
(n) nature/Mother Nature/(P)
(n) (1) myself/yourself/oneself/himself/herself/(2) I/me/(P)
(adj-na,n) automatic/self-motion/(P)

日

sun; day

Old Chinese: *C.nik

Middle Chinese: nyit

日
2073
ジツ、ニチ
か、ひ
day
本日
一日
日本
毎日
ほんじつ
いちじつ
にっぽん
まいにち
(n-adv,n-t) today/(P)
(n) (1) first day of the month/(2) one day
(n) Japan
(n-adv,n-t) every day/(P)

下

1: down

Old Chinese: *gˤraʔ

Middle Chinese: haeX

2: descend

Old Chinese: *m-gˤraʔ-s

Middle Chinese: haeH

下
2074
カ、ゲ
お-りる、お-ろす、くだ-さる、くだ-す、くだ-る、さ-がる、さ-げる、した、しも、もと
below
下記
以下
上下
下旬
かき
いか
じょうげ
げじゅん
(n,adj-no) the following
(n) (1) not exceeding/and downward/... and below/(2) below (e.g. standard)/under (e.g. a level)/(3) the below-mentioned/the following/the rest/(P)
(n,vs) high and low/up and down/unloading and loading/praising and blaming/(P)
(n-adv,n-t) month (last third of)/(P)

回

go around

Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷˤəj

Middle Chinese: hwoj

回
2075
カイ（クヮイ）、エ（ヱ）
まわ-す、まわ-る
times
今回
前回
回向
回心
こんかい
ぜんかい
えこう
えじん
(n-adv,n-t) now/this time/lately/(P)
(n-adv,n-t) last time/last installment/last instalment/last session/(P)
(n,vs) Buddhist memorial service/prayers for the repose of the soul
(n,vs) conversion

畫

1: drawing (n.)

Old Chinese: *C-gʷˤrek-s

Middle Chinese: hweaH

2: draw (v.)

Old Chinese: *gʷˤrek

Middle Chinese: hweak

画
2076
畫
ガ（グヮ）、カク（クヮク）
tableau
画面
画像
企画
計画
がめん
がぞう
きかく
けいかく
(n) terminal screen/scene/picture/the field (in TV)/photo/(P)
(n) image/picture/portrait/(P)
(n,vs) planning/project/plan/design/(P)
(n,vs) plan/project/schedule/scheme/program/programme/(P)

一

one

Old Chinese: *ʔi[t]

Middle Chinese: 'jit

一
2077
イツ、イチ
ひと、ひと-つ
one
一緒
一般
一番
一人
いっしょ
いっぱん
いちばん
いちにん
(adv,n) together/meeting/company/(P)
(n,adj-no) general/liberal/universal/ordinary/average/(P)
(n-adv) (1) best/first/number one/(2) game/round/bout/fall/event (in a meet)/(P)
(n) (1) one person

後

1: after

Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ˤ(r)oʔ

Middle Chinese: huwX

2: put after ?

Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ˤ(r)oʔ-s

Middle Chinese: huwH

後
2078
コウ、ゴ
あと、うし-ろ、おく-れる、のち
behind
後半
後輩
最後
その後
こうはん
こうはい
さいご
そのご
(n-adv,n) second half/latter half/(P)
(n) junior (at work or school)/(P)
(n) (1) last/end/conclusion/(exp) (2) (after -tara form or -ta form followed by "ga") no sooner than/right after (often having negative consequences)/(3) (arch) one's final moments/(P)
(n-adv,n-t) after that/afterwards/thereafter

素

white silk

Old Chinese: *[s]ˤak-s

Middle Chinese: suH

素
2079
ス、ソ
elementary
素敵
素性
要素
素朴
すてき
すじょう
ようそ
そぼく
(adj-na,n) lovely/dreamy/beautiful/great/fantastic/superb/cool/capital/(P)
(n) birth/lineage/parentage/origin/identity/background/history
(n) component/factor/element (e.g. in array)/item (e.g. in list)/member (e.g. data structure)/(P)
(adj-na,n) simplicity/artlessness/naivete/(P)

强

1: strong

Old Chinese: *N-kaŋ

Middle Chinese: gjang

2: make an effort

Old Chinese: *m-kaŋʔ

Middle Chinese: gjangX

強
2080
ゴウ（ガウ）、キョウ（キャウ）
し-いる、つよ-い、つよ-まる、つよ-める
strong
強力
強引
勉強
増強
ごうりき
ごういん
べんきょう
ぞうきょう
(adj-na,n) herculean strength/mountain carrier-guide
(adj-na,n) overbearing/coercive/pushy/forcible/high-handed/(P)
(n,vs) (1) study/(2) diligence/(3) discount/reduction/(P)
(n,vs) augment/reinforce/increase/(P)

外

outside

Old Chinese: *[ŋ]ʷˤa[t]-s

Middle Chinese: ngwajH

外
2081
ガイ（グヮイ）、ゲ
そと、はず-す、はず-れる、ほか
outside
以外
意外
外科
整形外科
いがい
いがい
げか
せいけいげか
(n-adv) with the exception of/excepting/(P)
(adj-na,adv-to,n) unexpected/surprising/(P)
(n) surgical department/(P)
(n) orthopaedic surgery/plastic surgery/(P)

興

lift, rise

Old Chinese: *qʰ(r)əŋ

Middle Chinese: xing

興
2082
コウ、キョウ
おこ-す、おこ-る
entertain
興奮
振興
興味
余興
こうふん
しんこう
きょうみ
よきょう
(n,vs) excitement/stimulation/agitation/arousal/(P)
(n,vs) promotion/encouragement/(P)
(n) interest (in something)/(P)
(n) side show/entertainment

癹

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: pʰaːd

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: baːd

発
2083
發
ハツ、ホツ
departure
発表
発信
発足
発端
はっぴょう
はっしん
ほっそく
ほったん
(n,vs) announcement/publication/(P)
(n,vs) dispatch/despatch/transmission/submission/(P)
(n,vs) starting/inauguration/(P)
(n) the beginning/(P)

去

1: get rid of

Old Chinese: *[kʰ](r)aʔ

Middle Chinese: khjoX

2: depart

Old Chinese: *[k]ʰ(r)ap-s

Middle Chinese: khjoH

去
2084
コ、キョ
さ-る
leave
過去最高
過去問
去年
死去
かこさいこう
かこもん
きょねん
しきょ
(n) record high
(n) (abbr) past (exam) question collection
(n-adv,n-t) last year/(P)
(n,vs) death/(P)

解

1: cut up; unloose

Old Chinese: *kˤreʔ

Middle Chinese: keaX

2: understand

Old Chinese: *N-kˤreʔ

Middle Chinese: heaX

3: =懈 lazy

Old Chinese: *N-kˤreʔ

Middle Chinese: heaX

解
2085
カイ、ゲ
と-かす、と-く、と-ける
untie
理解
解説
和解
解毒
りかい
かいせつ
わげ
げどく
(n,vs) understanding/comprehension/(P)
(n,vs) explanation/commentary/exposition/elucidation/(P)
(n,vs) (1) reconciliation/settlement/accommodation/compromise/mediation/rapprochement/(2) (arch) translation of a foreign language into Japanese
(n,vs) counteraction

業

1: work (n.)

Old Chinese: *[m-qʰ](r)[a]p

Middle Chinese: ngjaep

2: horizontal board of a bell stand or frame

Old Chinese: *[m-qʰ](r)[a]p

Middle Chinese: ngjaep

3: strong, sturdy

Old Chinese: *[ŋ](r)[a]p

Middle Chinese: ngjaep

業
2086
ギョウ（ゲフ）、ゴウ（ゴフ）
わざ
business
作業
卒業
兼業
自業自得
さぎょう
そつぎょう
けんごう
じごうじとく
(n,vs) work/operation/manufacturing/fatigue duty/(P)
(n,vs) (1) graduation/completion (e.g. of a course)/(2) (col) outgrowing something/moving on/(P)
(n,vs) side line/second business
(exp,adj-na,n) paying for one's mistakes/getting one's just desserts/suffering the consequences (of one's own actions)/reap what you sow

言

1: (a particle)

Old Chinese: *ŋa[n]

Middle Chinese: ngjon

2: I, we

Old Chinese: *ŋa[n]

Middle Chinese: ngjon

3: speak; speech

Old Chinese: *ŋa[n]

Middle Chinese: ngjon

4: tall

Old Chinese: *ŋa[r]

Middle Chinese: ngjon

言
2087
ゲン、ゴン
い-う、こと
say
一言
発言
言語
無言
いちげん
はつげん
ごんご
むごん
(n,vs) single word
(n,vs) utterance/speech/proposal/(P)
(n) (ling) language
(n) silence/(P)

臺

tower

Old Chinese: *lˤə

Middle Chinese: doj

台
2088
臺
タイ、ダイ
pedestal
舞台
台風
展望台
一台
ぶたい
たいふう
てんぼうだい
いちだい
(n) (1) stage (theatre, theater)/(2) scene or setting (e.g. of novel, play, etc.)/(P)
(n) typhoon/hurricane/(P)
(n) viewing platform
(n) one machine/one vehicle

西

1: west

Old Chinese: *s-nˤər

Middle Chinese: sej

2: west

Old Chinese: *s-nˤər

Middle Chinese: sej

西
2089
セイ、サイ
にし
west
関西
西部
東西
関西弁
かんせい
せいぶ
とうざい
かんさいべん
(n) Kansai (south-western half of Japan, including Osaka)
(n) the west/western part/the West/(P)
(n) (1) East and West/(2) whole country/(3) Orient and Occident/Western and Eastern/(4) Your attention, please!/(P)
(n) Kansai dialect

便

1: comfortable; advantageous

Old Chinese: *[b]e[n]-s

Middle Chinese: bjienH

2: glib-tongued

Old Chinese: *[b]e[n]

Middle Chinese: bjien

便
2090
ビン、ベン
たよ-り
convenience
不便
郵便
便利
便秘
ふびん
ゆうびん
べんり
べんぴ
(adj-na,n) pity/compassion
(n) mail/postal service/(P)
(adj-na) convenient/handy/useful/(P)
(n,vs) constipation/(P)

誩

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: ɡaŋʔ

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: ɡraŋs

3: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: l̥ʰuːms

競
2091
キョウ（キャウ）、ケイ
きそ-う、せ-る
compete
競技
競争
競馬
競馬場
きょうぎ
きょうそう
けいば
けいばじょう
(n,vs) game/match/contest/(P)
(n) (1) competition/contest/(vs) (2) to compete/(P)
(n) horse racing/(P)
(n) racecourse/race track/(P)

省

inspect

Old Chinese: *[s]eŋʔ

Middle Chinese: sjengX

省
2092
セイ、ショウ（シャウ）
かえり-みる、はぶ-く
government ministry
反省
帰省
省略
厚生労働省
はんせい
きせい
しょうりゃく
こうせいろうどうしょう
(n,vs) reflection/reconsideration/introspection/meditation/contemplation/(P)
(n,vs) homecoming/returning home/(P)
(n,vs) omission/abbreviation/abridgment/abridgement/(P)
(n) Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

對

respond

Old Chinese: *[t]ˤ[u]p-s

Middle Chinese: twojH

対
2093
對
タイ、ツイ
opposite
反対
対決
一対
対語
はんたい
たいけつ
いっつい
ついご
(adj-na,n,vs) opposition/resistance/antagonism/hostility/contrast/objection/dissension/reverse/opposite/vice versa/(P)
(n,vs) confrontation/showdown/(P)
(n) pair (of screens or vases, etc.)
(n) (1) kanji compound formed of opposing elements/(2) antonym

勿

1: don't

Old Chinese: *mut

Middle Chinese: mjut

2: not ... it

Old Chinese: *mut

Middle Chinese: mjut

物
2094
モツ、ブツ
もの
thing
宝物
食物
人物
名物
ほうもつ
しょくもつ
じんぶつ
めいぶつ
(n) treasure/treasured item/(P)
(n) food/foodstuff/(P)
(n) character/personality/person/man/personage/talented man/(P)
(n) famous product/special product/speciality/specialty/(P)

華

1: flower (n.)

Old Chinese: *qʷʰˤra

Middle Chinese: xwae

2: flower (v.); flowery (adj.)

Old Chinese: *N-qʷʰˤra

Middle Chinese: hwae

3: [name of a mountain]

Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷˤra-s

Middle Chinese: hwaeH

華
2095
カ（クヮ）、ケ
はな
splendor
中華
豪華
万華鏡
華厳
ちゅうか
ごうか
まんげきょう
けごん
(adj-no) Chinese (e.g. food)/(P)
(adj-na,n) wonderful/gorgeous/splendor/splendour/pomp/extravagance/(P)
(n) kaleidoscope
(n) (1) (Buddh) avatamsa (flower adornment, as a metaphor for becoming a buddha)/(2) (abbr) Avatamska sutra/(3) (abbr) Kegon (sect of Buddhism)

男

man, male

Old Chinese: *nˤ[ə]m

Middle Chinese: nom

男
2096
ナン、ダン
おとこ
male
長男
次男
男子
男女
ちょうなん
じなん
だんし
だんじょ
(n) eldest son/(P)
(n) second son/(P)
(n) youth/young man/(P)
(n) man and woman/men and women/(P)

再

twice; a second time

Old Chinese: *[ts]ˤə(ʔ)-s

Middle Chinese: tsojH

再
2097
サ、サイ
ふたた-び
again
再来週
再来年
再開
再会
さらいしゅう
さらいねん
さいかい
さいかい
(n-adv,n-t) week after next/(P)
(n-adv,n-t) year after next/(P)
(n,vs) reopening/resumption/restarting/(P)
(n,vs) another meeting/meeting again/reunion/(P)

存

exist

Old Chinese: *[dz]ˤə[n]

Middle Chinese: dzwon

存
2098
ゾン、ソン
suppose
存知
存知
存在感
存続
ぞんじ
ぞんじ
そんざいかん
そんぞく
(ateji) (n) (hum) knowing
(n,vs) (arch) knowledge of
(n) one's presence (as felt by others)
(n,vs) duration/continuance/(P)

圖

consider

Old Chinese: *[d]ˤa

Middle Chinese: du

図
2099
圖
ズ（ヅ）、ト
はか-る
diagram
地図
図書館
意図
図書
ちず
ずしょかん
いと
としょ
(n) map/(P)
(ok) (n) library
(n,vs) intention/aim/design/(P)
(n) books/(P)

力

strength

Old Chinese: *k.rək

Middle Chinese: lik

力
2100
リキ、リョク
ちから
power
自力
力士
体力
実力
じりき
りきし
たいりょく
じつりょく
(n) by oneself/self-made/(P)
(n) (1) sumo wrestler/rikishi/(2) strong man/(P)
(n) physical strength/(P)
(n) (1) (real) ability/true strength/merit/efficiency/competency/(2) arms/force/(P)

鬳

boiler

Old Chinese: *ŋar-s

Middle Chinese: ngjonH

献
2101
獻
コン、ケン
offering
一献
貢献
文献
いっこん
こうけん
ぶんけん
(n) one cup (of sake)
(n,vs) contribution/services/(P)
(n) literature/books (reference)/document/(P)

上

1: ascend

Old Chinese: *Cə-daŋʔ

Middle Chinese: dzyangX

2: to put up

Old Chinese: *m-daŋʔ

Middle Chinese: dzyangX

3: top, above (n.)

Old Chinese: *daŋʔ-s

Middle Chinese: dzyangH

上
2102
ジョウ（ジャウ）、ショウ（シャウ）
あ-がる、あ-げる、うえ、うわ*、かみ、のぼ-す、のぼ-せる、のぼ-る
up
上記
上映
上人
身上
じょうき
じょうえい
しょうにん
しんしょう
(n,adj-no) above-mentioned/above-named/above/(P)
(n) (1) screening (a movie)/showing/(vs) (2) to screen a movie/(P)
(n) holy priest/saint
(n) a fortune/wealthy person/housekeeping/property

茍

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: kɯɡ

極
2103
キョク、ゴク
きわ-まる、きわ-み、きわ-める
poles
究極
積極的
極意
極楽
きゅうきょく
せっきょくてき
ごくい
ごくらく
(n,adj-no) ultimate/extreme/final/eventual/(P)
(adj-na) assertive/positive/active/proactive/(P)
(n) essential point/main point
(n) (1) (Buddh) Sukhavati (Amitabha's Pure Land)/(2) paradise/(P)

益

increase

Old Chinese: *q[i]k (dialect: *-ik > *-ek)

Middle Chinese: 'jiek

益
2104
エキ、ヤク
benefit
利益
収益
ご利益
御利益
りえき
しゅうえき
ごりやく
ごりやく
(n,vs) (1) profit/gains/(n,vs) (2) benefit/advantage/interest (of the public, etc.)/(P)
(n) earnings/proceeds/returns/(P)
(n) (1) grace (of God)/divine favour/blessing/miracle/(2) benefit/(3) efficacy
(n) (1) grace (of God)/divine favour/blessing/miracle/(2) benefit/(3) efficacy

香

fragrance

Old Chinese: *qʰaŋ

Middle Chinese: xjang

香
2105
コウ（カウ）、キョウ（キャウ）
か、かお-り、かお-る
incense
香水
線香
香車
香
こうすい
せんこう
きょうしゃ
きょう
(n) perfume/(P)
(n) incense stick/(P)
(n) spear (shogi)/lance
(n) (abbr) lance (shogi)/(P)

兒

child

Old Chinese: *ŋe

Middle Chinese: nye

児
2106
兒
ニ、ジ
child
小児科
小児
児童
幼児
しょうにか
しょうに
じどう
ようじ
(n) pediatrics/(P)
(n) young child/infant/(P)
(n) children/juvenile/(P)
(n) infant/baby/child/(P)

率

1: bird net

Old Chinese: *[r]ut-s

Middle Chinese: lwijH

2: norm, standard

Old Chinese: *[r]ut

Middle Chinese: lwit

3: lead (v.); commander

Old Chinese: *s-rut-s

Middle Chinese: srwijH

4: follow, go along

Old Chinese: *s-rut

Middle Chinese: srwit

率
2107
リツ、ソツ
ひき-いる
rate
確率
視聴率
率直
率先
かくりつ
しちょうりつ
そっちょく
そっせん
(n) probability/(P)
(n) ratings (of a television program) (programme)/(P)
(adj-na,n) frankness/candour/candor/openheartedness/(P)
(n,vs) taking the initiative/(P)

殸

hanging musical stone

Old Chinese: *[C.qʰ]ˤeŋ-s

Middle Chinese: khengH

声
2108
聲
セイ、ショウ（シャウ）
こえ、こわ*
voice
声優
音声
声明
声聞
せいゆう
おんせい
しょうみょう
しょうもん
(n) voice actor or actress (radio, animation, etc.)
(n) voice/(the concept of) sound/(P)
(n) (1) sabdavidya (ancient Indian linguistic and grammatical studies)/(2) (Buddh) chanting of Buddhist hymns (usu. in Sanskrit or Chinese)
(n) (1) sravaka (disciple of Buddha)/(2) adherent of Hinayana Buddhism

目

eye

Old Chinese: *C.m(r)[u]k

Middle Chinese: mjuwk

目
2109
ボク、モク
ま*、め
eye
面目
本来の面目
人目
一目
めんぼく
ほんらいのめんぼく
じんもく
いちもく
(n) face/honour/honor/reputation/prestige/dignity/credit/(P)
(exp) (Buddh) one's true nature (lit: one's original face)
(n) public gaze/public notice
(n-adv,n-t) (1) (a) glance/(a) look/(a) glimpse/(n) (2) (a) stone (in Go)

口

mouth

Old Chinese: *kʰˤ(r)oʔ

Middle Chinese: khuwX

口
2110
ク、コウ
くち
mouth
口調
異口同音
人口
口座
くちょう
いくどうおん
じんこう
こうざ
(n) tone (e.g. of voice, etc.)/(verbal) expression/(P)
(n) in concert/with one voice/unanimously/(P)
(n) (1) population/(2) common talk/(P)
(n) account (e.g. bank)/(P)

南

south

Old Chinese: *nˤ[ə]m

Middle Chinese: nom

南
2111
ナ、ナン
みなみ
south
南無
南無三宝
南部
南国
なむ
なむさんぼう
なんぶ
なんこく
(conj,int) (Buddh) amen/hail
(exp,int) I believe in the Three Treasures of Buddhism/Oh my Great Buddha!/Good heavens!
(n) southern part/(P)
(n) southern countries/(P)

歲

year

Old Chinese: *s-qʷʰat-s

Middle Chinese: sjwejH

歳
2112
セイ、サイ
year-end
万歳
歳暮
歳時記
歳月
ばんぜい
せいぼ
さいじき
さいげつ
(int,n) (1) crying "banzai" (or raising one's hands in the banzai gesture)/(2) something worthy of celebration/(3) (arch) long time/(4) (arch) eternal life (and prosperity)/(int) (5) banzai (a celebratory cheer)/hurrah (hooray, hurray)
(n) end of the year/year-end gift/(P)
(n) almanac of seasonal words (for haiku poets)
(n-t) time/years/(P)

夏

1: great

Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ˤraʔ

Middle Chinese: haeX

2: summer

Old Chinese: *[g]ˤraʔ (~ *[g]ˤraʔ-s)

Middle Chinese: haeH

夏
2113
カ、ゲ
なつ
summer
初夏
春夏秋冬
夏至
半夏生
しょか
しゅんかしゅうとう
げし
はんげしょう
(n) (1) early summer/(2) (obs) fourth month of the lunar calendar/(P)
(n-adv,n-t) spring, summer, autumn (fall) and winter/the four seasons/(P)
(n) summer solstice/(P)
(n) 11th day after the summer solstice/last seed-sowing day

兵

weapon

Old Chinese: *praŋ

Middle Chinese: pjaeng

兵
2114
ヘイ、ヒョウ（ヒャウ）
soldier
兵器
兵士
歩兵
兵法
へいき
へいし
ふひょう
ひょうほう
(n) arms/weapons/ordinance/(P)
(n) soldier/(P)
(n) pawn (shogi)
(n) art of war/strategy/tactics

色

color; countenance

Old Chinese: *s.rək

Middle Chinese: srik

色
2115
ショク、シキ
いろ
color
緑色
音色
一色
色紙
りょくしょく
おんしょく
いっしき
しきし
(adj-na,n) green/emerald green/green color of new foliage/verdure
(n) (1) tone color/tone colour/tone quality/timbre/timber/(2) synthesizer patch/synthesiser patch
(adj-na,n) one color/one colour/one article
(n) square fancy cardboard, used for autographs, poetry, etc./(P)

木

tree, wood

Old Chinese: *C.mˤok

Middle Chinese: muwk

木
2116
ボク、モク
き、こ*
tree
高木
大木
木曜
木工
こうぼく
たいぼく
もくよう
もっこう
(n) tall tree
(n) large tree/(P)
(n-adv,n) Thursday/(P)
(n) woodworking/woodworker/carpenter/(P)

衆

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: tjuŋ

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: tjuŋs

衆
2117
シュウ、シュ
masses
衆議院
大衆
衆生
群衆
しゅうぎいん
たいしゅう
しゅじょう
ぐんしゅ
(n) lower house/House of Representatives/(P)
(n) general public/(P)
(n) living things/the people
(n,vs) group (of people)/crowd/horde/throng/mob/multitude

封

raise a mound; enfeoff

Old Chinese: *p(r)oŋ

Middle Chinese: pjowng

封
2118
ホウ、フウ
seal
封建
封建的
完封
封印
ほうけん
ほうけんてき
かんぷう
ふういん
(n,vs) feudalistic
(adj-na) feudal/(P)
(n,vs) complete blockade (seal)/baseball shutout/(P)
(n,vs) seal/stamp

罰

punish

Old Chinese: *[b][a]t

Middle Chinese: bjot

罰
2119
バチ、バツ
penalty
罰
罰金
罰則
ばち
ばっきん
ばっそく
(n) (divine) punishment/curse/retribution/(P)
(n) fine/penalty/(P)
(n) penal regulations/(P)

斿

pendants of a banner

Old Chinese: *[N.]ru

Middle Chinese: yuw

遊
2120
ユウ（イウ）、ユ
あそ-ぶ
play
遊園地
遊歩道
遊山
マクロファージ遊走阻止因子
ゆうえんち
ゆうほどう
ゆさん
マクロファージゆそうそしいんし
(n) amusement park/(P)
(n) promenade/esplanade
(n) excursion/outing/picnic
(n) macrophage migration inhibitory factor/MMIF

久

a long time

Old Chinese: *[k]ʷəʔ

Middle Chinese: kjuwX

久
2121
ク、キュウ（キウ）
ひさ-しい
long time
久遠
耐久
悠久
くおん
たいきゅう
ゆうきゅう
(n,adj-no) eternity
(n) endurance/persistence/(P)
(adj-na,adj-no,n) eternity/perpetuity/permanence/(P)

煩

troubled

Old Chinese: *[b]a[n]

Middle Chinese: bjon

煩
2122
ハン、ボン
わずら-う、わずら-わす
anxiety
煩雑
煩多
煩悩具足
煩悩
はんざつ
はんた
ぼんのうぐそく
ぼんのう
(adj-na,n) complex/intricate/complicated/confused/troublesome/vexatious/(P)
(adj-na,n) multiplicity of troubles/so many as to be troublesome
(n) possessing worldly desires and passions
(n) (Buddh) klesha (polluting thoughts such as greed, hatred and delusion, which result in suffering)/(P)

殿

1: palace

Old Chinese: *[N-t]ˤə[n]-s

Middle Chinese: denH

2: rear (building, army unit)

Old Chinese: *tˤə[n]-s

Middle Chinese: tenH

3: palace, hall

Old Chinese: *tˤə[n]-s

Middle Chinese: tenH

殿
2123
デン、テン
との、どの
Mr.
殿堂
殿下
御殿
殿上
でんどう
でんか
ごてん
てんじょう
(n) palace/palatial building/(P)
(n) your Highness/his (or her) Highness/(P)
(n) palace/court/(P)
(n) the court/palace circles/palace floor

它

another

Old Chinese: *l̥ˤaj

Middle Chinese: tha

蛇
2124
ダ、ジャ
へび
snake
長蛇
長蛇の列
大蛇
毒蛇
ちょうだ
ちょうだのれつ
だいじゃ
どくじゃ
(n) (1) long snake/(2) long line (of people, etc.)
(n) long line/long queue/(P)
(n) big snake/serpent
(n) poisonous snake/poisonous serpent

霝

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: reːŋ

霊
2125
靈
リョウ（リャウ）、レイ
たま
spirits
悪霊
死霊
心霊
霊園
あくりょう
しりょう
しんれい
れいえん
(n) evil spirit
(n) spirit of a dead person/ghost/departed soul
(n) spirit
(n) cemetery/(P)

塞

1: frontier

Old Chinese: *[s]ˤək-s

Middle Chinese: sojH

2: pass (n.)

Old Chinese: *[s]ˤək-s

Middle Chinese: sojH

3: stop up, block (v.)

Old Chinese: *[s]ˤək

Middle Chinese: sok

塞
2126
サイ、ソク
ふさ-がる、ふさ-ぐ
obstruct
要塞
城塞
閉塞
心筋梗塞
ようさい
じょうさい
へいそく
しんきんこうそく
(n) fort/stronghold/fortification
(n) fortress/stronghold/citadel
(n,vs) closure/blockage
(n) heart attack/myocardial infarction

眉

eyebrow

Old Chinese: *mr[ə][r]

Middle Chinese: mij

眉
2127
ミ、ビ
まゆ
eyebrow
眉間
白眉
眉目秀麗
みけん
はくび
びもくしゅうれい
(n) (1) brow/middle forehead/(2) glabella/area between the eyebrows
(n) fine example/the best
(n) handsome(ness)

乞

beg, ask

Old Chinese: *C.qʰət

Middle Chinese: khj+t

乞
2128
コツ、キ
こ-う
beg
乞食
乞食坊主
こつじき
こつじきぼうず
(n) (1) (sens) beggar/(n,vs) (2) begging
(n) (a derogatory term for) Buddhist monk

冥

dark

Old Chinese: *mˤeŋ

Middle Chinese: meng

冥
2129
メイ、ミョウ（ミャウ）
dark
冥土
冥想
冥利
冥加
めいど
めいそう
みょうり
みょうが
(n) (Buddh) Hades/the underworld/the other world/realm of the dead
(n,vs) meditation/contemplation
(n) providence/luck/favor/favour/advantage
(adj-na,n) (Buddh) divine protection or blessing

畝

Chinese acre

Old Chinese: *məʔ (< *mˤoʔ ?)

Middle Chinese: muwX

畝
2130
ホ、ボウ
うね
furrow
田畝
畝
でんぽ
ほ
(n) paddy field/farm
(n) (obsc) mu (Chinese measure of land area, formerly ~600 m.sq., currently ~667 m.sq.)

串

custom

Old Chinese: *kˤro[n]-s

Middle Chinese: kwaenH

串
2131
セン、カン（クヮン）
くし
skewer
串戯
カンギ
(n) A comedic routine, a joke, antics; an actor

質

1: hostage; gift

Old Chinese: *[t]ip-s

Middle Chinese: trijH

2: substance, solid part

Old Chinese: *t-lit

Middle Chinese: tsyit

質
2132
シチ、チ、シツ
quality
質店
質権
言質
質問
本質
しちてん
しちけん
げんち
しつもん
ほんしつ
(n) pawnshop
(n) the right of pledge
(n) commitment/pledge or promise/(P)
(n,vs) question/inquiry/enquiry/(P)
(n) essence/true nature/substance/reality/(P)

法

model, law

Old Chinese: *[p.k]ap

Middle Chinese: pjop

法
2133
ホウ（ホフ）、ホッ、ハッ
method
魔法
法人
法相
法主
法被
法度
まほう
ほうじん
ほっそう
ほっしゅ
はっぴ
はっと
(n) magic/witchcraft/sorcery/(P)
(n) corporate body/corporation/(legal) person/(juridical) person/(P)
(n) (1) (Buddh) dharmalaksana (dharma characteristics, the specific characteristics of all manifest phenomena)/(2) (abbr) Hosso sect of Buddhism
(n) high priest
(n) happi coat (happy coat)/workman's livery coat
(n) law/ban/prohibition/ordinance

宮

dwelling; palace; note of scale

Old Chinese: *k(r)uŋ

Middle Chinese: kjuwng

宮
2134
ク、キュウ、グウ
みや
Shinto shrine
宮内庁
宮内省
宮城
迷宮
神宮
二宮
くないちょう
くないしょう
きゅうじょう
めいきゅう
じんぐう
にぐう
(n) Imperial Household Agency/(P)
(n) (obs) the Imperial Household Department
(n) Imperial Palace/(P)
(n) mystery/maze/labyrinth/(P)
(n) Shinto shrine/(P)
(n) the Two Ise Shrines/(P)

丼

a well

Old Chinese: *C.tseŋʔ

Middle Chinese: tsjengX

丼
2135
セイ、ショウ、タン
どん*、どんぶり
bowl of food