Pure Groups

These groups have only a single pronunciation shared by all characters in the group, making them the easiest to learn and remember.

成

1: to become (v.i.)

Old Chinese: *[d]eŋ

Middle Chinese: dzyeng

2: to complete (tr. v)

Old Chinese: *m-[d]eŋ

Middle Chinese: dzyeng

城
1
thành
citadel; city
城庯
城市
thành phố
thành thị
city, town
urban area, town
成
2
thành
to become; to change into
成功
長成
thành công
trưởng thành
to succeed
to grow up; mature
誠
3
thành
sincere; honest
誠實
thành thật
honest, honesty

人

(other) person

Old Chinese: *ni[ŋ]

Middle Chinese: nyin

人
4
nhân
【person, people; man, mankind】
主人
犯人
chủ nhân
phạm nhân
master, owner
culprit, criminal (person)
仁
5
nhân
kernel, filling; 【humane】
核仁
仁義
hạch nhân
nhân nghĩa
nucleolus
benevolence and righteousness

同

together, join

Old Chinese: *lˤoŋ

Middle Chinese: duwng

同
6
đồng
same; similar; Dong (Vietnamese currency unit)
同義
同音
đồng nghĩa
đồng âm
synonym
homophone; homonym
銅
7
đồng
copper; brass; bronze; coin, money
銅鉑
đồng bạc
piastre; silver dollar

呈

to manifest

Old Chinese: *lreŋ

Middle Chinese: drjeng

呈
8
trình
to submit, to show, to present
程
9
trình
schedule, agenda
章程
程度
chương trình
trình độ
programme, schedule; computer program, software
level, degree, standard

回

go around

Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷˤəj

Middle Chinese: hwoj

回
10
hồi
to return
回教
回音
hồi giáo
hồi âm
islam
to reply
徊
11
hồi
time, period; when, at (some time)
𠬠徊
徊妬
một hồi
hồi đó
a while
then, back then, at that time

奧

1: southwest corner of a house

Old Chinese: *ʔˤuk-s

Middle Chinese: 'awH

2: cove in the bank of a stream

Old Chinese: *ʔ(r)uk

Middle Chinese: 'juwk

奥
12
áo
Austria; austrian
襖
13
áo
blouse, shirt, jacket
襖𠫾𩅹
襖蘿
áo đi mưa
áo lá
raincoat
camisole, vest, women's undershirt

庚

7th heavenly stem

Old Chinese: *kˤraŋ

Middle Chinese: kaeng

塘
14
đường
street; road; way; route
塘庯
塘𠫾
đường phố
đường đi
street
way, footway
糖
15
đường
sugar
糖𥽢
đường phèn
rock sugar, rock candy

止

foot; stop

Old Chinese: *təʔ

Middle Chinese: tsyiX

址
16
chỉ
【site, location】
遺址
地址
di chỉ
địa chỉ
archaeological site
address
止
17
chỉ
【to stop; to detain】
停止
đình chỉ
to stop, suspend

父

1: (respectful suffix in male names)

Old Chinese: *p(r)aʔ

Middle Chinese: pjuX

2: father

Old Chinese: *[N-p](r)aʔ

Middle Chinese: bjuX

佈
18
bố
【publicize, announce】
分佈
公佈
phân bố
công bố
to distribute, to dispose
to publish, to proclaim
布
19
bố
linen, canvas, heavy duty fabric

示

1: show (v.)

Old Chinese: *s-gijʔ-s

Middle Chinese: zyijH

2: put (= 寘)

Old Chinese: *ke-s

Middle Chinese: tsyeH

示
20
thị
【to show, to demonstrate】
指示
chỉ thị
to instruct; instructions
視
21
thị
【to look, to see】
近視
cận thị
short-sighted, myopic

秝

TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: reːɡ

曆
22
厤
lịch
calendar
陰曆
âm lịch
lunar calendar
歷
23
历
lịch
【passing, successive, throughout; past, historic】
遊歷
歷史
du lịch
lịch sử
to travel
history

系

bind (v.)

Old Chinese: *[m]-kˤek-s

Middle Chinese: hejH

係
24
hệ
【to relate to, to connect】
關係
聯係
quan hệ
liên hệ
to concern, to affect, to correlate
to contact (someone), to connect
系
25
hệ
system, branch
語系
系統
ngữ hệ
hệ thống
family of languages
system, network, net

般

1: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: praːn

2: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: paːn

3: TODO: gloss

Old Chinese: baːn

搬
26
bàn
【to transfer, to move】
搬交
bàn giao
to transfer, to hand over
盤
27
盘
bàn
table; to discuss
盤𫥨
盤咹
bàn ra
bàn ăn
to dissuade (from doing something)
dinner table