次一
唯一
𠃣一
一定
統一
萬一
第一
thứ nhất
duy nhất
ít nhất
nhất định
thống nhất
vạn nhất
đệ nhất
the first
unique, only
at least
to decide; determined; inevitable
united, to unite, to unify
in the rare case of, by any chance
the first
These groups each contain only one character. It is still good to know the phonetic component, since it may be of use in learning new characters not treated here, in the same or other languages.
one
Old Chinese: *ʔi[t]
Middle Chinese: 'jit
to sob
Old Chinese: *C.qʰˤuʔ (Shuōwén; no pre-Qín exx.)
Middle Chinese: khawX
1: ascend
Old Chinese: *Cə-daŋʔ
Middle Chinese: dzyangX
2: to put up
Old Chinese: *m-daŋʔ
Middle Chinese: dzyangX
3: top, above (n.)
Old Chinese: *daŋʔ-s
Middle Chinese: dzyangH
1: down
Old Chinese: *gˤraʔ
Middle Chinese: haeX
2: descend
Old Chinese: *m-gˤraʔ-s
Middle Chinese: haeH
TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: meːnʔ
1: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: kaːds
2: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: kaːd
3d heavenly stem
Old Chinese: *praŋʔ
Middle Chinese: pjaengX
twist (v.)
Old Chinese: *k-riw (dialect: *k-r- > *kr-)
Middle Chinese: kjiw
TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: pʰoŋ
plant leaves
Old Chinese: *tˤrak
Middle Chinese: traek
suddenly
Old Chinese: *[dz]ˤrak-s
Middle Chinese: dzraeH
nine
Old Chinese: *[k]uʔ
Middle Chinese: kjuwX
beg, ask
Old Chinese: *C.qʰət
Middle Chinese: khj+t
TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: ʔsreːŋ
intertwining
Old Chinese: *m-qˤaʔ-s
Middle Chinese: huH
well (n.)
Old Chinese: *C.tseŋʔ
Middle Chinese: tsjengX
secondary
Old Chinese: *ʔˤrak-s
Middle Chinese: 'aeH
flee; disappear; die
Old Chinese: *maŋ
Middle Chinese: mjang
lift high
Old Chinese: *k-ŋˤaŋ
Middle Chinese: kang
cross (v.)
Old Chinese: *[k]ˤraw
Middle Chinese: kaew
TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: tjaŋʔ
armour; scale of animals
Old Chinese: *kˤr[e]p-s
Middle Chinese: keajH
give
Old Chinese: *p(r)o-s
Middle Chinese: pjuH
item
Old Chinese: *[g]r[a][n]ʔ (no pre-Qín exx?)
Middle Chinese: gjenX
protect
Old Chinese: *pˤuʔ
Middle Chinese: pawX
complete (adj.)
Old Chinese: *[b]rək-s
Middle Chinese: bijH
full, fill
Old Chinese: *tʰuŋ
Middle Chinese: tsyhuwng
great number
Old Chinese: *lr[a]wʔ
Middle Chinese: drjewX
1: first
Old Chinese: *sˤər
Middle Chinese: sen
2: go first
Old Chinese: *sˤər-s
Middle Chinese: senH
light, brightness
Old Chinese: *kʷˤaŋ
Middle Chinese: kwang
helmet, hood
Old Chinese: *tˤo
Middle Chinese: tuw
enter
Old Chinese: *n[u]p
Middle Chinese: nyip
complete (adj.)
Old Chinese: *[dz]o[n]
Middle Chinese: dzjwen
eight
Old Chinese: *pˤret
Middle Chinese: peat
statute, norm
Old Chinese: *tˤə[r]ʔ
Middle Chinese: tenX
tablet, records
Old Chinese: *[tsʰ](ˤ)rek
Middle Chinese: tsrheak
cut meat from the bone
Old Chinese: *kʷˤrajʔ
Middle Chinese: kwaeX
winter
Old Chinese: *tˤuŋ
Middle Chinese: towng
stool
Old Chinese: *C.kr[ə]jʔ
Middle Chinese: kijX
in every case
Old Chinese: *[b]rom
Middle Chinese: bjom
1: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: brɯŋ
2: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: brɯŋs
1: go or come out
Old Chinese: *t-kʰut
Middle Chinese: tsyhwit
2: bring or take out
Old Chinese: *t-kʰut-s
Middle Chinese: tsyhwijH
edge of a blade
Old Chinese: *nə[n]-s
Middle Chinese: nyinH
before
Old Chinese: *[dz]ˤen (~ *m-dzˤen)
Middle Chinese: dzen
strength
Old Chinese: *k.rək
Middle Chinese: lik
add
Old Chinese: *kˤraj
Middle Chinese: kae
TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: pruː
1: even, uniform
Old Chinese: *[N-q]ʷi[n]
Middle Chinese: ywin
2: little, few (Shuōwén)
Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷi[ŋ]
Middle Chinese: ywin
north
Old Chinese: *pˤək
Middle Chinese: pok
ten
Old Chinese: *t.[g]əp
Middle Chinese: dzyip
1: roll (v.)
Old Chinese: *[k](r)o[n]ʔ
Middle Chinese: kjwenX
2: handsome
Old Chinese: *[g]ʷren
Middle Chinese: gjwen
1: take
Old Chinese: *tsʰˤoʔ
Middle Chinese: tshuwX
2: take
Old Chinese: *tsʰoʔ
Middle Chinese: tshjuX
3: take (a wife)
Old Chinese: *[ts]ʰoʔ-s
Middle Chinese: tshjuH
mouth
Old Chinese: *kʰˤ(r)oʔ
Middle Chinese: khuwX
1: curved
Old Chinese: *[k]ˤ(r)o
Middle Chinese: kuw
2: loan for 彀 draw a bow to the full
Old Chinese: *[k]ˤ(r)ok-s
Middle Chinese: kuwH
3: phrase
Old Chinese: *[k](r)o-s
Middle Chinese: kjuH
1: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: klje
2: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: kljeʔ
auspicious
Old Chinese: *C.qi[t] (*C.q- > *k-, escaping palatalization)
Middle Chinese: kjit
name
Old Chinese: *C.meŋ
Middle Chinese: mjieng
lord; ruler
Old Chinese: *C.qur
Middle Chinese: kjun
1: blow (v.)
Old Chinese: *tʰo[r]
Middle Chinese: tsyhwe
2: musical concert
Old Chinese: *tʰo[r]-s
Middle Chinese: tsyhweH
1: announce, inform
Old Chinese: *kˤuk-s
Middle Chinese: kawH
2: announce, inform
Old Chinese: *kˤuk
Middle Chinese: kowk
kind, class
Old Chinese: *pʰr[ə]mʔ
Middle Chinese: phimX
1: circle; round
Old Chinese: *ɢʷ
Middle Chinese: hjwen
2: (a particle)
Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷə[n]
Middle Chinese: hjun
four
Old Chinese: *s.li[j]-s
Middle Chinese: sijH
fontanel
Old Chinese: *[s]ə[r]-s
Middle Chinese: sinH
consider
Old Chinese: *[d]ˤa
Middle Chinese: du
seize
Old Chinese: *[t]ip
Middle Chinese: tsyip
1: time, season
Old Chinese: *[g]rə[r]
Middle Chinese: gin
2: (a kind of vegetable)
Old Chinese: *kə[r]ʔ
Middle Chinese: kj+nX
3: clay
Old Chinese: *[g]rə[r]
Middle Chinese: gin
repay
Old Chinese: *pˤuk-s
Middle Chinese: pawH
stand for musical instruments
Old Chinese: *t
Middle Chinese: trjuH
1: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: qʰʷeːns
2: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: qʰʷeŋs
divide, make a breach
Old Chinese: *[k]ʷˤret-s
Middle Chinese: kwaejH
1: end (v.)
Old Chinese: *ʔaŋ
Middle Chinese: 'jang
2: center (n.)
Old Chinese: *ʔaŋ
Middle Chinese: 'jang
lose
Old Chinese: *l̥i[t]
Middle Chinese: syit
press between
Old Chinese: *kˤ
Middle Chinese: keap
1: odd (number)
Old Chinese: *[k](r)aj
Middle Chinese: kje
2: strange
Old Chinese: *N-k(r)aj
Middle Chinese: gje
concubine
Old Chinese: *[tsʰ]ap
Middle Chinese: tshjep
1: 委蛇 compliant, complaisant
Old Chinese: *q(r)oj
Middle Chinese: 'jwe
2: entrust to
Old Chinese: *q(r)ojʔ
Middle Chinese: 'jweX
3: collect; store
Old Chinese: *q(r)ojʔ
Middle Chinese: 'jweX
4: bend; hang down
Old Chinese: *q(r)orʔ
Middle Chinese: 'jweX
drag, trail (v.)
Old Chinese: *[r]o
Middle Chinese: lju
TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: nuːns
(surname)
Old Chinese: *[k]ʰˤoŋʔ
Middle Chinese: khuwngX
study; imitate
Old Chinese: *m-kˤruk
Middle Chinese: haewk
1: be hurt (v.i.); injury (n.)
Old Chinese: *N-kˤat-s
Middle Chinese: hajH
2: hurt (v.t.)
Old Chinese: *m-kˤat-s
Middle Chinese: hajH
household
Old Chinese: *kˤra
Middle Chinese: kae
1: warm up
Old Chinese: *sə-l[ə]m (< *-um ?)
Middle Chinese: zim
2: measure of 8 chǐ 尺
Old Chinese: *sə-l[ə]m
Middle Chinese: zim
pulse, beans
Old Chinese: *s.tuk
Middle Chinese: syuwk
1: roll over; unfold
Old Chinese: *trenʔ
Middle Chinese: trjenX
2: ritual robe
Old Chinese: *tra[n]-s
Middle Chinese: trjenH
1: accumulate
Old Chinese: *[d]ˤun
Middle Chinese: dwon
2: difficult
Old Chinese: *trun
Middle Chinese: trwin
islet in stream; province
Old Chinese: *tu
Middle Chinese: tsyuw
a vein of water (Shuōwén)
Old Chinese: *k.lˤeŋ
Middle Chinese: keng
kerchief
Old Chinese: *krən
Middle Chinese: kin
TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: pub
Middle Chinese: pud
market (n.)
Old Chinese: *C.[d]əʔ
Middle Chinese: dzyiX
thin, sparse
Old Chinese: *qʰəj
Middle Chinese: xj+j
broom
Old Chinese: *[t.p]əʔ
Middle Chinese: tsyuwX
1: army
Old Chinese: *srij
Middle Chinese: srij
2: master
Old Chinese: *srij
Middle Chinese: srij
even, level (Shuōwén)
Old Chinese: *[k]ˤe[r]
Middle Chinese: ken
fortunate
Old Chinese: *[g]ˤreŋʔ
Middle Chinese: heangX
1: small; almost
Old Chinese: *kəj
Middle Chinese: kj+j
2: few; how many
Old Chinese: *kəjʔ
Middle Chinese: kj+jX
numerous; commoner
Old Chinese: *s-tak-s
Middle Chinese: syoH
courtyard
Old Chinese: *lˤeŋ
Middle Chinese: deng
1: draw the bow
Old Chinese: *li[n]ʔ
Middle Chinese: yinX
2: draw the bow
Old Chinese: *li[n]ʔ-s
Middle Chinese: yinH
younger brother
Old Chinese: *lˤəjʔ
Middle Chinese: dejX
1: strong
Old Chinese: *N-kaŋ
Middle Chinese: gjang
2: make an effort
Old Chinese: *m-kaŋʔ
Middle Chinese: gjangX
TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: b·roːɡ
running pig
Old Chinese: *l̥ˤo[r]-s
Middle Chinese: thwanH
TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: ŋrans
1: after
Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ˤ(r)oʔ
Middle Chinese: huwX
2: put after ?
Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ˤ(r)oʔ-s
Middle Chinese: huwH
obtain
Old Chinese: *tˤək
Middle Chinese: tok
heart
Old Chinese: *səm
Middle Chinese: sim
necessarily
Old Chinese: *pi[t]
Middle Chinese: pjit
1: breathe
Old Chinese: *sək
Middle Chinese: sik
2: 安息 Ānxī (Iranian country in the western regions, W. Hàn; from Aršaka = Arsaces, founder of the Arsacid dynasty)
Old Chinese: *sək
Middle Chinese: sik
dagger-axe
Old Chinese: *kʷˤaj
Middle Chinese: kwa
a kind of axe
Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷat
Middle Chinese: hjwot
we, I
Old Chinese: *ŋˤajʔ
Middle Chinese: ngaX
kill; cruel
Old Chinese: *[dz]ˤa[n]
Middle Chinese: dzan
adhere (?)
Old Chinese: *tək
Middle Chinese: tsyik
hand
Old Chinese: *n̥uʔ
Middle Chinese: syuwX
1: support, hold up
Old Chinese: *ke
Middle Chinese: tsye
2: branch (of tree), limb
Old Chinese: *ke
Middle Chinese: tsye
place where
Old Chinese: *liw
Middle Chinese: yuw
respectful
Old Chinese: *kreŋ(ʔ)-s
Middle Chinese: kjaengH
ornate
Old Chinese: *mə[n]
Middle Chinese: mjun
1: bushel; ladle
Old Chinese: *tˤoʔ
Middle Chinese: tuwX
2: ladle
Old Chinese: *toʔ
Middle Chinese: tsyuX
measure (v.)
Old Chinese: *[r]ˤew-s
Middle Chinese: lewH
cut off
Old Chinese: *[ts]ramʔ
Middle Chinese: tsreamX
1: oh!
Old Chinese: *[ʔ]ˤa
Middle Chinese: 'u
2: at (locative preposition)
Old Chinese: *[ʔ]a
Middle Chinese: 'jo
sun; day
Old Chinese: *C.nik
Middle Chinese: nyit
fine-tasting
Old Chinese: *kijʔ
Middle Chinese: tsyijX
bright
Old Chinese: *mraŋ
Middle Chinese: mjaeng
1: easy
Old Chinese: *lek-s
Middle Chinese: yeH
2: change; exchange
Old Chinese: *lek
Middle Chinese: yek
in the past
Old Chinese: *[s]Ak
Middle Chinese: sjek
1: scorch, burn
Old Chinese: *n̥ˤarʔ
Middle Chinese: xanX
2: dry
Old Chinese: *[qʰ]ˤarʔ-s
Middle Chinese: xanH
say
Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷat
Middle Chinese: hjwot
come together; pair
Old Chinese: *N-tsˤu
Middle Chinese: dzaw
discard
Old Chinese: *n̥ˤi[t]-s
Middle Chinese: thejH
set of cowries; friend
Old Chinese: *[b]ˤəŋ
Middle Chinese: bong
end of a branch
Old Chinese: *mˤat
Middle Chinese: mat
tree trunk
Old Chinese: *C.pˤə[n]ʔ
Middle Chinese: pwonX
1: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: l'ud
2: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: ɦljud
apricot (tree)
Old Chinese: *C.[g]ˤraŋʔ
Middle Chinese: haengX
east
Old Chinese: *tˤoŋ (< *tˤoŋʔ ?)
Middle Chinese: tuwng
forest
Old Chinese: *[r]əm
Middle Chinese: lim
fruit; result
Old Chinese: *[k]ˤo[r]ʔ
Middle Chinese: kwaX
so and so; a certain
Old Chinese: *məʔ
Middle Chinese: muwX
select, distinguish
Old Chinese: *kˤr[a]nʔ
Middle Chinese: keanX
chestnut tree
Old Chinese: *[r]i[t]
Middle Chinese: lit
1: work (n.)
Old Chinese: *[m-qʰ](r)[a]p
Middle Chinese: ngjaep
2: horizontal board of a bell stand or frame
Old Chinese: *[m-qʰ](r)[a]p
Middle Chinese: ngjaep
3: strong, sturdy
Old Chinese: *[ŋ](r)[a]p
Middle Chinese: ngjaep
1: lodge (v.)
Old Chinese: *[s-n̥]i[j]-s
Middle Chinese: tshijH
2: put in order; second
Old Chinese: *[s-n̥]i[j]-s
Middle Chinese: tshijH
step
Old Chinese: *mə-bˤa-s
Middle Chinese: buH
a kind of lance
Old Chinese: *[d]o
Middle Chinese: dzyu
hanging musical stone
Old Chinese: *[C.qʰ]ˤeŋ-s
Middle Chinese: khengH
clan
Old Chinese: *k.deʔ
Middle Chinese: dzyeX
people
Old Chinese: *mi[ŋ]
Middle Chinese: mjin
(inhaled thing:) breath, air, vapors
Old Chinese: *C.qʰəp-s
Middle Chinese: khj+jH
water; river
Old Chinese: *s.turʔ (E dialect: *-r > *-j)
Middle Chinese: sywijX
1: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: pʰoms
2: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: bom
seek
Old Chinese: *[g](r)u
Middle Chinese: gjuw
sand
Old Chinese: *sˤraj
Middle Chinese: srae
go along (a river); follow
Old Chinese: *lon
Middle Chinese: ywen
model, law
Old Chinese: *[p.k]ap
Middle Chinese: pjop
fire
Old Chinese: *[qʷʰ]ˤəjʔ
Middle Chinese: xwaX
1: not have
Old Chinese: *ma
Middle Chinese: mju
2: volitional prefix
Old Chinese: *ma
Middle Chinese: mju
3: don’t
Old Chinese: *mo
Middle Chinese: mju
dazzle
Old Chinese: *[N]-qʷˤeŋ
Middle Chinese: hweng
claw
Old Chinese: *[ts]ˤ
Middle Chinese: tsraewX
1: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: ɢʷal
2: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: ɢʷal
3: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: ɢʷals
1: change; hexagram
Old Chinese: *N-kˤraw
Middle Chinese: haew
2: change; hexagram
Old Chinese: *N-kˤraw
Middle Chinese: haew
half; partial
Old Chinese: *pʰˤe[n]-s
Middle Chinese: phenH
TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: mu
TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: ruː
1: satiate, satisfy
Old Chinese: *ʔem
Middle Chinese: 'jiem
2: satisfaction
Old Chinese: *ʔem-s
Middle Chinese: 'jiemH
lawsuit; prison
Old Chinese: *[ŋ]rok
Middle Chinese: ngjowk
jade
Old Chinese: *[ŋ](r)ok (< uvular?)
Middle Chinese: ngjowk
1: king
Old Chinese: *ɢʷaŋ
Middle Chinese: hjwang
2: be king
Old Chinese: *ɢʷaŋ-s
Middle Chinese: hjwangH
divide, distribute
Old Chinese: *pˤ
Middle Chinese: paen
roof tile
Old Chinese: *C.ŋʷˤra[j]ʔ
Middle Chinese: ngwaeX
1: wooden fork
Old Chinese: *pi[t]
Middle Chinese: pjit
2: bird-net
Old Chinese: *pi[t]
Middle Chinese: pjit
3: finish (v.)
Old Chinese: *pi[t]
Middle Chinese: pjit
1: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: pʰaːd
2: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: baːd
1: a kind of sacrificial vessel
Old Chinese: *k-tˤəŋ
Middle Chinese: tong
2: ascend
Old Chinese: *tˤəŋ
Middle Chinese: tong
vessel, bowl
Old Chinese: *mraŋʔ
Middle Chinese: mjaengX
eye
Old Chinese: *C.m(r)[u]k
Middle Chinese: mjuwk
1: mutually
Old Chinese: *[s]aŋ
Middle Chinese: sjang
2: appearance, quality
Old Chinese: *[s]aŋ-s
Middle Chinese: sjangH
inspect
Old Chinese: *[s]eŋʔ
Middle Chinese: sjengX
(final particle)
Old Chinese: *qəʔ (atonic)
Middle Chinese: hiX
stone
Old Chinese: *dAk
Middle Chinese: dzyek
1: to curse
Old Chinese: *[t]uk-s
Middle Chinese: tsyuwH
2: pray, recite
Old Chinese: *[t]uk
Middle Chinese: tsyuwk
3: cut off, break
Old Chinese: *tuk
Middle Chinese: tsyuwk
1: sacrifice
Old Chinese: *[ts]et-s
Middle Chinese: tsjejH
2: (name of a state)
Old Chinese: *[ts](ˤ)re[t]-s
Middle Chinese: tsreajH
autumn; crop
Old Chinese: *tsʰiw
Middle Chinese: tshjuw
a high number
Old Chinese: *[ts][i]jʔ
Middle Chinese: tsijX
brilliant; distinctive mark; to display
Old Chinese: *taŋ
Middle Chinese: tsyang
calculate; tally
Old Chinese: *[s]ˤorʔ-s
Middle Chinese: swanH
millet or rice grains, dehusked and polished
Old Chinese: *(C.)mˤ[e]jʔ
Middle Chinese: mejX
sheep
Old Chinese: *ɢaŋ
Middle Chinese: yang
old
Old Chinese: *C.rˤuʔ
Middle Chinese: lawX
1: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: ruːls
2: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: rulʔ
TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: njen
1: a kind of bear
Old Chinese: *nˤə
Middle Chinese: noj
2: a kind of bear
Old Chinese: *nˤə(ŋ)
Middle Chinese: nong
3: able; ability
Old Chinese: *nˤə(ʔ) (~ *nˤəŋ)
Middle Chinese: nong
TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: men
mortar
Old Chinese: *C.[g]ʷəʔ
Middle Chinese: gjuwX
give
Old Chinese: *m-q(r)aʔ
Middle Chinese: yoX
color; countenance
Old Chinese: *s.rək
Middle Chinese: srik
1: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: men
2: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: meːnʔ
3: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: maːn
sprout (n.)
Old Chinese: *m(r)aw
Middle Chinese: mjew
1: flower (n.)
Old Chinese: *qʷʰˤra
Middle Chinese: xwae
2: flower (v.); flowery (adj.)
Old Chinese: *N-qʷʰˤra
Middle Chinese: hwae
3: [name of a mountain]
Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷˤra-s
Middle Chinese: hwaeH
10,000
Old Chinese: *C.ma[n]-s
Middle Chinese: mjonH
1: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: tjuŋ
2: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: tjuŋs
to guard
Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷ(r)a[t]-s
Middle Chinese: hjwejH
cover
Old Chinese: *qʰˤraʔ
Middle Chinese: xaeX
1: west
Old Chinese: *s-nˤər
Middle Chinese: sej
2: west
Old Chinese: *s-nˤər
Middle Chinese: sej
1: cut up; unloose
Old Chinese: *kˤreʔ
Middle Chinese: keaX
2: understand
Old Chinese: *N-kˤreʔ
Middle Chinese: heaX
3: =懈 lazy
Old Chinese: *N-kˤreʔ
Middle Chinese: heaX
1: (a particle)
Old Chinese: *ŋa[n]
Middle Chinese: ngjon
2: I, we
Old Chinese: *ŋa[n]
Middle Chinese: ngjon
3: speak; speech
Old Chinese: *ŋa[n]
Middle Chinese: ngjon
4: tall
Old Chinese: *ŋa[r]
Middle Chinese: ngjon
1: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: ɡaŋʔ
2: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: ɡraŋs
3: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: l̥ʰuːms
valley
Old Chinese: *C.qˤok
Middle Chinese: kuwk
1: bean
Old Chinese: *[N.t]ˤo-s
Middle Chinese: duwH
2: vessel with a neck
Old Chinese: *[d]ˤok-s
Middle Chinese: duwH
cowry shell
Old Chinese: *pˤa[t]-s
Middle Chinese: pajH
1: straight; correct
Old Chinese: *treŋ
Middle Chinese: trjeng
2: divine (v.)
Old Chinese: *treŋ
Middle Chinese: trjeng
depend on
Old Chinese: *rˤa[t]-s
Middle Chinese: lajH
body; self
Old Chinese: *n̥i[ŋ]
Middle Chinese: syin
1: chariot
Old Chinese: *[t.qʰ](r)A
Middle Chinese: tsyhae
2: chariot
Old Chinese: *C.q(r)a
Middle Chinese: kjo
army; camp
Old Chinese: *[k]ʷər
Middle Chinese: kjun
advance (v.)
Old Chinese: *sə-lu[t]-s
Middle Chinese: zwijH
lead (v.), govern
Old Chinese: *[b]ˤ(r)oʔ
Middle Chinese: buwX
1: measure (v.)
Old Chinese: *[r]aŋ
Middle Chinese: ljang
2: measure (n.)
Old Chinese: *[r]aŋ-s
Middle Chinese: ljangH
metal, bronze
Old Chinese: *k(r)[ə]m
Middle Chinese: kim
gate, door
Old Chinese: *mˤə[r]
Middle Chinese: mwon
single
Old Chinese: *tek
Middle Chinese: tsyek
wait
Old Chinese: *s-no
Middle Chinese: sju
is not
Old Chinese: *pəj
Middle Chinese: pj+j
1: hide, skin
Old Chinese: *kˤrək
Middle Chinese: keak
2: change (v.)
Old Chinese: *kˤrək
Middle Chinese: keak
sound, tone
Old Chinese: *[q](r)əm
Middle Chinese: 'im
fly (v.)
Old Chinese: *Cə.pə[r] (dialect: *-r > *-j)
Middle Chinese: pj+j
fragrance
Old Chinese: *qʰaŋ
Middle Chinese: xjang
high, tall
Old Chinese: *Cə.[k]ˤaw
Middle Chinese: kaw
quarrel, wrangle
Old Chinese: *tˤok-s
Middle Chinese: tuwH
ghost
Old Chinese: *k-ʔujʔ
Middle Chinese: kjw+jX
fish (n.)
Old Chinese: *[r.ŋ]a
Middle Chinese: ngjo
black
Old Chinese: *m̥ˤək (dialect *m̥ˤ- > xˤ-)
Middle Chinese: xok
1: uniform, equal
Old Chinese: *[dz]ˤəj
Middle Chinese: dzej
2: Qí (place name)
Old Chinese: *[dz]ˤəj
Middle Chinese: dzej
two
Old Chinese: *ni[j]-s
Middle Chinese: nyijH
truthful
Old Chinese: *s-ni[ŋ]-s
Middle Chinese: sinH
sell
Old Chinese: *[l][iw]k
Middle Chinese: yuwk
1: divide
Old Chinese: *pə[n]
Middle Chinese: pjun
2: alloted duty
Old Chinese: *[m]-pə[n]-s
Middle Chinese: bjunH
seal
Old Chinese: *[ʔ]iŋ-s
Middle Chinese: 'jinH
1: go to
Old Chinese: *[ts]ik
Middle Chinese: tsik
2: thereupon
Old Chinese: *[ts]ik
Middle Chinese: tsik
stingy
Old Chinese: *mə.rə[n]-s
Middle Chinese: linH
1: Zhōu (dynasty and place)
Old Chinese: *tiw
Middle Chinese: tsyuw
2: cycle; all around
Old Chinese: *tiw
Middle Chinese: tsyuw
all; everywhere
Old Chinese: *[g]ˤr[ə]m
Middle Chinese: heam
rely on
Old Chinese: *ʔi[n]
Middle Chinese: 'jin
outside
Old Chinese: *[ŋ]ʷˤa[t]-s
Middle Chinese: ngwajH
fruit; full
Old Chinese: *mə.li[t]
Middle Chinese: zyit
exclusively
Old Chinese: *ton
Middle Chinese: tsywen
respond
Old Chinese: *[t]ˤ[u]p-s
Middle Chinese: twojH
1: bent, curved
Old Chinese: *N-kʰ(r)ok
Middle Chinese: gjowk
2: department
Old Chinese: *[g](r)ok
Middle Chinese: gjowk
TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: breːŋ
war expedition; service
Old Chinese: *ɢʷek
Middle Chinese: ywek
thought (n.)
Old Chinese: *ʔ(r)ək-s
Middle Chinese: 'iH
1: not yet
Old Chinese: *m[ə]t-s
Middle Chinese: mj+jH
2: 8th earthly branch
Old Chinese: *m[ə]t-s
Middle Chinese: mj+jH
year
Old Chinese: *s-qʷʰat-s
Middle Chinese: sjwejH
dog
Old Chinese: *[k]ʷʰˤ[e][n]ʔ
Middle Chinese: khwenX
1: self (adv.)
Old Chinese: *s.[b]i[t]-s
Middle Chinese: dzijH
2: to follow; from
Old Chinese: *s.[b]i[t]-s
Middle Chinese: dzijH
important
Old Chinese: *[q]ew(k)-s
Middle Chinese: 'jiewH
bone
Old Chinese: *kˤut
Middle Chinese: kwot
1: center
Old Chinese: *truŋ
Middle Chinese: trjuwng
2: hit the center
Old Chinese: *truŋ-s
Middle Chinese: trjuwngH
1: slope, river bank
Old Chinese: *qˤa[j]
Middle Chinese: 'a
2: 阿會亘 ēhuìxuān: Skt. ābhāsvara “shining” (E. Hàn)
Old Chinese: *ʔˤa (< *qˤaj)
Middle Chinese: 'a
1: rank, row
Old Chinese: *[g]ˤaŋ
Middle Chinese: hang
2: walk (v.)
Old Chinese: *Cə.[g]ˤraŋ
Middle Chinese: haeng
3: action
Old Chinese: *[g]ˤraŋ-s
Middle Chinese: haengH