幾何
きか
(n) geometry/
These groups have only a single pronunciation shared by all characters in the group, making them the easiest to learn and remember.
may; acceptable
Old Chinese: *[k]ʰˤa[j]ʔ
Middle Chinese: khaX
TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: pruː
cross (v.)
Old Chinese: *[k]ˤraw
Middle Chinese: kaew
criminals accusing one another (Shuōwén)
Old Chinese: *prenʔ
Middle Chinese: pjenX
give
Old Chinese: *p(r)o-s
Middle Chinese: pjuH
superintend
Old Chinese: *s-lə
Middle Chinese: si
yes, agree; satisfied, at ease
Old Chinese: *lo
Middle Chinese: yu
cut meat from the bone
Old Chinese: *kʷˤrajʔ
Middle Chinese: kwaeX
中冓 inner chamber
Old Chinese: *kˤ(r)o-s
Middle Chinese: kuwH
1: pungent; painful
Old Chinese: *[s]i[n]
Middle Chinese: sin
2: 8th heavenly stem
Old Chinese: *si[n]
Middle Chinese: sin
official (n.)
Old Chinese: *kʷˤa[n]
Middle Chinese: kwan
1: leather
Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷə[j]
Middle Chinese: hjw+j
2: go against
Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷə[j]
Middle Chinese: hjw+j
return
Old Chinese: *m-p(r)uk
Middle Chinese: bjuwk
1: gather, pluck
Old Chinese: *s.r̥ˤəʔ
Middle Chinese: tshojX
2: colorful
Old Chinese: *s.r̥ˤəʔ
Middle Chinese: tshojX
5th earthly branch
Old Chinese: *[d]ər
Middle Chinese: dzyin
all
Old Chinese: *kˤrij
Middle Chinese: keaj
hemp
Old Chinese: *C.mˤraj
Middle Chinese: mae
1: (respectful suffix in male names)
Old Chinese: *p(r)aʔ
Middle Chinese: pjuX
2: father
Old Chinese: *[N-p](r)aʔ
Middle Chinese: bjuX
1: Western tribes
Old Chinese: *tˤij
Middle Chinese: tej
2: bottom
Old Chinese: *tˤijʔ
Middle Chinese: tejX
TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: saːws
burnt offering
Old Chinese: *[r][a]w-s
Middle Chinese: ljewH
1: remove
Old Chinese: *s-naŋ
Middle Chinese: sjang
2: Xiāng (personal name)
Old Chinese: *s-naŋ
Middle Chinese: sjang
press between
Old Chinese: *kˤ
Middle Chinese: keap
seek
Old Chinese: *[g](r)u
Middle Chinese: gjuw
TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: ʔslɯː
1: small; almost
Old Chinese: *kəj
Middle Chinese: kj+j
2: few; how many
Old Chinese: *kəjʔ
Middle Chinese: kj+jX
1: replenish
Old Chinese: *[ts]ok-s
Middle Chinese: tsjuH
2: sufficient
Old Chinese: *[ts]ok
Middle Chinese: tsjowk
3: foot
Old Chinese: *[ts]ok
Middle Chinese: tsjowk
1: go to
Old Chinese: *tə
Middle Chinese: tsyi
2: (3p object pronoun; attributive particle)
Old Chinese: *tə
Middle Chinese: tsyi
1: (morning) audience at court
Old Chinese: *m-t
Middle Chinese: drjew
2: morning
Old Chinese: *t
Middle Chinese: trjew
courtyard
Old Chinese: *lˤeŋ
Middle Chinese: deng
brilliant; distinctive mark; to display
Old Chinese: *taŋ
Middle Chinese: tsyang
leaping flames (Shuōwén)
Old Chinese: *pʰew
Middle Chinese: phjiew
with united forces
Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ˤep
Middle Chinese: hep
five
Old Chinese: *C.ŋˤaʔ
Middle Chinese: nguX
east
Old Chinese: *tˤoŋ (< *tˤoŋʔ ?)
Middle Chinese: tuwng
TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: ɡaʔ
1: long (adj.)
Old Chinese: *Cə-[N]-traŋ
Middle Chinese: drjang
2: grow; elder
Old Chinese: *traŋʔ
Middle Chinese: trjangX
long (time)
Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷraŋʔ
Middle Chinese: hjwaengX
dark
Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷˤi[n]
Middle Chinese: hwen
foot; stop
Old Chinese: *təʔ
Middle Chinese: tsyiX
feudal lord
Old Chinese: *[g]ˤ(r)o
Middle Chinese: huw
spring, source
Old Chinese: *s-N-ɢʷar (MC I!)
Middle Chinese: dzjwen
lift high
Old Chinese: *k-ŋˤaŋ
Middle Chinese: kang
sharp; profit
Old Chinese: *C.ri[t]-s
Middle Chinese: lijH
1: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: pʰoms
2: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: bom
flat and thin
Old Chinese: *pˤe[r]ʔ
Middle Chinese: penX
1: left (side)
Old Chinese: *tsˤa[j]ʔ
Middle Chinese: tsaX
2: assist
Old Chinese: *tsˤa[j]ʔ
Middle Chinese: tsaX
3: assist
Old Chinese: *tsˤarʔ-s
Middle Chinese: tsaH
sprout (n.)
Old Chinese: *m(r)aw
Middle Chinese: mjew
come together; pair
Old Chinese: *N-tsˤu
Middle Chinese: dzaw
invade
Old Chinese: *[tsʰ][i]m
Middle Chinese: tshim
destroy; worn out
Old Chinese: *[b]e[t]-s
Middle Chinese: bjiejH
good
Old Chinese: *[g]e[n]ʔ
Middle Chinese: dzyenX
stool
Old Chinese: *C.kr[ə]jʔ
Middle Chinese: kijX
armour; scale of animals
Old Chinese: *kˤr[e]p-s
Middle Chinese: keajH
turn around, return
Old Chinese: *[ɢ]ʷˤ
Middle Chinese: hwaen
TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: ɡluːwɢ
heart
Old Chinese: *səm
Middle Chinese: sim
1: first
Old Chinese: *sˤər
Middle Chinese: sen
2: go first
Old Chinese: *sˤər-s
Middle Chinese: senH
1: heaven
Old Chinese: *l̥ˤi[n]
Middle Chinese: then
2: heaven
Old Chinese: *l̥ˤi[n] (W dialect: l̥ˤ- > Hàn-time *xˤ- > MC x-)
Middle Chinese: xen
hawk, falcon
Old Chinese: *[s]urʔ
Middle Chinese: swinX
1: shoot; archer
Old Chinese: *Cə.lAk-s
Middle Chinese: zyaeH
2: hit with bow and arrow
Old Chinese: *Cə.lAk
Middle Chinese: zyek
buy
Old Chinese: *mˤrajʔ
Middle Chinese: meaX
1: peace(ful)
Old Chinese: *[ʔ]ˤa[n]
Middle Chinese: 'an
2: how
Old Chinese: *[ʔ]ˤa[n]
Middle Chinese: 'an
3: 安息 Ānxī (Iranian country in the western regions, W. Hàn; from Aršaka = Arsaces, founder of the Arsacid dynasty)
Old Chinese: *[ʔ]ˤa[n]
Middle Chinese: 'an
garrulous
Old Chinese: *[t]am
Middle Chinese: tsyem
sunrise (Shuowen)
Old Chinese: *[k]ˤar-s
Middle Chinese: kanH
1: distant
Old Chinese: *mˤa[n]-s
Middle Chinese: manH
2: extended, long
Old Chinese: *ma[n]-s
Middle Chinese: mjonH
plant leaves
Old Chinese: *tˤrak
Middle Chinese: traek
TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: qʰʷaːns
to love; to grudge (< ‘draw close to oneself’?)
Old Chinese: *[q]ˤə[p]-s
Middle Chinese: 'ojH
cut out, prepare
Old Chinese: *tet-s
Middle Chinese: tsyejH
1: 委蛇 compliant, complaisant
Old Chinese: *q(r)oj
Middle Chinese: 'jwe
2: entrust to
Old Chinese: *q(r)ojʔ
Middle Chinese: 'jweX
3: collect; store
Old Chinese: *q(r)ojʔ
Middle Chinese: 'jweX
4: bend; hang down
Old Chinese: *q(r)orʔ
Middle Chinese: 'jweX
bind; bundle
Old Chinese: *s-tʰok
Middle Chinese: syowk
people
Old Chinese: *mi[ŋ]
Middle Chinese: mjin
exterior
Old Chinese: *p(r)awʔ
Middle Chinese: pjewX
receive
Old Chinese: *[d]uʔ
Middle Chinese: dzyuwX
a high number
Old Chinese: *[ts][i]jʔ
Middle Chinese: tsijX
examine
Old Chinese: *trəŋ
Middle Chinese: tring
clan
Old Chinese: *k.deʔ
Middle Chinese: dzyeX
face
Old Chinese: *C.me[n]-s
Middle Chinese: mjienH
grief, grieved
Old Chinese: *ʔ(r)u
Middle Chinese: 'juw
1: spend the night
Old Chinese: *[s]uk
Middle Chinese: sjuwk
2: "mansion" of the zodiac (where the moon is found on successive nights)
Old Chinese: *[s]uk-s
Middle Chinese: sjuwH
1: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: l'ud
2: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: ɦljud
bind (v.)
Old Chinese: *[m]-kˤek-s
Middle Chinese: hejH
depend on
Old Chinese: *rˤa[t]-s
Middle Chinese: lajH
1: tshang-kaeng 'oriole'
Old Chinese: *[s.r̥]ˤaŋ
Middle Chinese: tshang
2: granary
Old Chinese: *tsʰˤaŋ
Middle Chinese: tshang
be on guard
Old Chinese: *kˤrək-s (~ kˤrək)
Middle Chinese: keajH
girdle, strap
Old Chinese: *C.tˤa[t]-s
Middle Chinese: tajH
two
Old Chinese: *ni[j]-s
Middle Chinese: nyijH
1: 1/10th of a dǒu 斗
Old Chinese: *s-təŋ
Middle Chinese: sying
2: rise (v.)
Old Chinese: *s-təŋ
Middle Chinese: sying
1: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: ɡruːl
2: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: ɡruːl
TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: nuːʔ
1: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: koːn
2: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: koːns
agriculture; to farm
Old Chinese: *nˤ[o]ŋ
Middle Chinese: nowng
TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: muːɡs
elbow
Old Chinese: *t-[k]
Middle Chinese: trjuwX
elder brother
Old Chinese: *[k]ˤu[n]
Middle Chinese: kwon
important
Old Chinese: *[q]ew(k)-s
Middle Chinese: 'jiewH
1: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: shroːŋ
2: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: shloːŋ
old man
Old Chinese: *s-ruʔ (dialect: > *sruʔ > MC srjuwX > sruwX > suwX)
Middle Chinese: suwX
melon, gourd
Old Chinese: *kʷˤra
Middle Chinese: kwae
1: sit
Old Chinese: *[dz]ˤo[j]ʔ
Middle Chinese: dzwaX
2: to set
Old Chinese: *m-[dz]ˤo[j]ʔ
Middle Chinese: dzwaX
3: seat n.
Old Chinese: *[dz]ˤo[j]ʔ-s
Middle Chinese: dzwaH
shield
Old Chinese: *lˤu[n]ʔ
Middle Chinese: dwonX
deer
Old Chinese: *mə-rˤok
Middle Chinese: luwk
high, tall
Old Chinese: *[N-k](r)aw
Middle Chinese: gjew
1: ride (v.)
Old Chinese: *Cə.ləŋ
Middle Chinese: zying
2: vehicle
Old Chinese: *Cə.ləŋ-s
Middle Chinese: zyingH
3: team of four horses
Old Chinese: *Cə.ləŋ-s
Middle Chinese: zyingH
islet in stream; province
Old Chinese: *tu
Middle Chinese: tsyuw
TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: reːɡ
1: why, what
Old Chinese: *[g]ˤe (dial. for 何 *[g]ˤaj?)
Middle Chinese: hej
2: slave, servant
Old Chinese: *[g]ˤe
Middle Chinese: hej
1: penetrate
Old Chinese: *m-[tʰ]ret
Middle Chinese: drjet
2: divide land acc. to a certain share system
Old Chinese: *m-tʰret
Middle Chinese: drjet
3: divide land acc. to a certain share system
Old Chinese: *tʰret
Middle Chinese: trhjet
4: penetrate
Old Chinese: *tʰret
Middle Chinese: trhjet
wait
Old Chinese: *s-no
Middle Chinese: sju
1: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: lu
2: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: lum
mortar
Old Chinese: *C.[g]ʷəʔ
Middle Chinese: gjuwX
1: burn, scorch
Old Chinese: *S.tew
Middle Chinese: tsjew
2: Jiao (place name)
Old Chinese: *S.tew
Middle Chinese: tsjew
who
Old Chinese: *[d]uk
Middle Chinese: dzyuwk
filial
Old Chinese: *qʰˤ
Middle Chinese: xaewH
1: blow (v.)
Old Chinese: *tʰo[r]
Middle Chinese: tsyhwe
2: musical concert
Old Chinese: *tʰo[r]-s
Middle Chinese: tsyhweH
TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: pʰaːʔ
sickness
Old Chinese: *[dz]i[t]
Middle Chinese: dzit
horse
Old Chinese: *mˤraʔ
Middle Chinese: maeX
this
Old Chinese: *[tsʰ]e(j)ʔ
Middle Chinese: tshjeX
sing; song
Old Chinese: *law
Middle Chinese: yew
mountain demon
Old Chinese: *r̥aj
Middle Chinese: trhje
autumn; crop
Old Chinese: *tsʰiw
Middle Chinese: tshjuw
1: domesticated animals
Old Chinese: *qʰ
Middle Chinese: trhjuwH
2: store (v.)
Old Chinese: *qʰ
Middle Chinese: trhjuwk
3: domestic animal
Old Chinese: *qʰuk-s
Middle Chinese: xjuwH
4: nourish
Old Chinese: *qʰuk
Middle Chinese: xjuwk
grandchild; descendant
Old Chinese: *[s]ˤu[n]
Middle Chinese: swon
1: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: boːɡ
2: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: puɡ
1: straight; correct
Old Chinese: *treŋ
Middle Chinese: trjeng
2: divine (v.)
Old Chinese: *treŋ
Middle Chinese: trjeng
unlucky
Old Chinese: *qʰ(r)oŋ
Middle Chinese: xjowng
guest
Old Chinese: *pi[n]
Middle Chinese: pjin
1: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: quds
2: TODO: gloss
Old Chinese: qud
cut; strike; attack
Old Chinese: *m-pat
Middle Chinese: bjot
varnish
Old Chinese: *[tsʰ]i[t]
Middle Chinese: tshit
1: low, humble
Old Chinese: *pe
Middle Chinese: pjie
2: 鮮卑 *s[a]r.pe Xiānbēi
Old Chinese: *pe
Middle Chinese: pjie
divide, distribute
Old Chinese: *pˤ
Middle Chinese: paen